Alveolar Abscess and Spreading Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are some intra oral signs of ludwig’s angina?

A

Trismus
Deviated uvula
Raised swollen tongue

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2
Q

What vital structure should be considered when an incision is made on the palate?

A

The greater palatine artery

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3
Q

When an abscess spontaneously drains what may this mean for the abscess itself?

A

It is going to be a Chronic/Reoccurring Abscess

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4
Q

Where would you make an incision when draining an extra oral swelling of ludwigs angina?

A

2 fingers under marginal mandibular branch

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5
Q

What are some origins of an abscess?

What conditions linked with them?

A

Periapical periodontitis
Periodontal disease
Pericorinitis

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6
Q

After draining the pus and removing the cause of an abscess when may antibiotics be considered?

A

Antibiotics not always indicated (e.g. all pus drained) but may be indicated if severe, incomplete drainage or medical history concern (e.g. diabetic)

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7
Q

What bacteria is usually responsible for cellulitis?

A

Streptococcus

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8
Q

Describe how an infection spreads

A
  1. Decrease in host defence system (e.g. immunocompromised, opportunistic infection or lack of tx)
  2. Tissue invasion of pathogens
  3. Rapid & non-specific inflammatory response
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9
Q

In what direction does infection generally spread?

A

Area of least resistance

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10
Q

Why are blood glucose levels considered for a special investigation for an abscess?

A

Poorly controlled diabetes increases your risk of infection

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11
Q

Define abscess

A

Pathological cavity filled with pus and lined by a membrane

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12
Q

What questions about history of pain should be asked for suspected ludwigs angina?

A

Can they complete sentences
Can they eat/drink

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13
Q

What are clinical signs of Ludwig’s angina?

A

Raised swollen tongue
Fever
Dysphagia
Dyspnea (SOB)
Deviated uvula

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14
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Cellulitis is an infection caused by bacteria getting into the deeper layers of your skin (connective tissues) usually non pus producing but can accumulate at source if untreated

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15
Q

What factors can affect the ability of an infection to spread?

A

Number and virulenece of organisms
Failure to drain pus
Patient health
Patient immune system

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16
Q

What are some local signs of inflammation?

A

Pain
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Loss of function
Trismus
Lymphadenopathy

17
Q

What anatomical factors can affect the ability of an infection to spread? (3)

A
  1. Site and source of infection
  2. Natural barriers to spread
  3. Point at which pus escapes through the bone and discharges into soft tissues
18
Q

What can determin whether an infection spread sublingual or submandibular?

A

The relationship of the mylohoid muscles

19
Q

What is gangrene?

A

Gangrene is a serious condition where a loss of blood supply causes body tissue to die

20
Q

What are some symptoms of an acute periapical abscess?

A

Soft tissue swelling
Poorly localised pain
Tooth painful to touch (if apical periodontitis)
Tooth mobility (if periodontal disease)

21
Q

What extraoral signs may you see in Ludwigs angina?

A

Drooling
Lymph node swelling
Swelling

22
Q

Label 1, 2 and 3

A
  1. Apical formamen
  2. Periodontal ligament
  3. Bloodstream (Anachoresis)
23
Q

What are some systemic signs of inflammation?

A

Fever
Elevation in pulse
Alteration in haematological data
WBC increase
Serum protein increase