ALTERNATIVES TO PUNISHMENT

Question 1

4 main alternatives to punishment

Answer 1

retribution - social revenge, law breakers deserve punishment
deterrence - prevention of future crime via discincentivising the offender
rehabilitation - prevention of future crime via reform of offender
incapacitation - social protection, prevention via the restriction of offender

Question 2

imprisonment trends

Answer 2

• over 11 million held in penal institutes globally
• 118 countries have occupancy levels over 100%
• 11 countries have occupancy over 200%
• womens prison population has increased by 17%

Question 3

aims of alternatives to imprisonment

Answer 3

• end unnecessary use of incarceration
• avoid negative effect of imprisonment
• enable change
• foster a sense of community in offenders
• allow greater community involvement in the cjs
• improve prospects for social inclusion
• reduce reoffending
  reduce costs

Question 4

2 distinct approaches

Answer 4

prioritise the offender = minimise consequences of offence to avoid labelling (diversionary intervention)
prioritise the victim = strategies to make amends and put harm right (restorative justice)

Question 5

diversionary intervention

Answer 5

prioritise the offender, minimise the consequence

Question 6

restorative justice definition

Answer 6

prioritise victim, make amends right

Question 7

measures to avoid pretrial detention

Answer 7

• bail
• daily reporting
• court appointed supervision
• passport surrender
• electronic monitoring

Question 8

disintegrative shame

Answer 8

leads to subsequent criminal behaviour

Question 9

reintegrative shame

Answer 9

focuses on forgiveness and reintegration into the community

Question 10

6 principles of restorative justice

Answer 10

1. restoration
2. voluntarism
3. impartiality
4. safety
5. accessibility
6. empowerment

Question 11

4 restorative justice models

Answer 11

• victim offender mediation
• community and family group conferencing
• circles of support
• circle sentencing

Question 12

retribution

Answer 12

social revenge, an eye for an eye, law breakers deserve punishment

Question 13

deterrence

Answer 13

prevention of future crime via disincentivising of offender

Question 14

rehabilitation

Answer 14

prevention of future crime via reform of offender

Question 15

incapacitation

Answer 15

social prevention, prevention of crime via restriction of offender