Alternative to Practical Flashcards
How do you test a compound for Carbonate (CO3)?
Add dilute hydrochloric acid
The solution effervescence (fizzes) and produces CO2
eg. CaCO3 + HCL —> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
How will Hydrogen or Oxygen react when a splint is placed near it?
A lighted splint will burn with a pop sound if placed in Hydrogen
A glowing splint will ignite again in the presence of Oxygen
How will litmus paper react in Ammonia (NH3) or Chlorine (Cl2)?
Red litmus paper will turn blue in Ammonia because of its basic property
Chlorine will bleach litmus paper white
How is a gas tested for Carbon Dioxide (CO2)?
Bubbling the gas through lime water (Ca(OH)2) will result in a white precipitate of Calcium Carbonate
Many negative ions can be tested with dilute nitric acid and aqueous Silver nitrate. What are these elements and how do they react from the test?
- Iodine
A yellow precipitate of Silver Iodide is formed - Chloride
A white precipitate of Silver Chloride is formed - Bromide
A cream precipitate of Silver Bromide is formed
How do you test a compound for Sulphate (SO4)?
Add dilute Hydrochloric acid, then add Barium Chloride solution.
The result will be a white precipitate of Barium Sulphate
How do you test a compound for Nitrate (NO3)
Add Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and heat.
Ammonia gas is given off which can be tested with damp litmus paper
What is a salt?
A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal.
How do you make a salt?
Mix a metal or an ionic compound with an acid of choice.
Hydrochloric acid will form a chloride salt, nitric acid will form a nitrate salt and so on and so forth.
eg. 2MgO + HCL —> MgCl2 + H2O
What two solutions can identify positive ions?
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia solutions (NH3)
What positive ions react with NaOH to form a white precipitate hydroxide?
Calcium
Magnesium
Zinc
Aluminium
Which positive ions react with NaOH to form gelatinous hydroxide precipitates?
Copper (II) Forms a light blue precipitate Iron (II) Forms a green precipitate Iron (III) Forms a rust-brown precipitate
How does ammonium (NH4) react with NaOH?
Ammonia gas is produced on warming
This can be tested with an indicator
Which positive ion reacts with ammonia to form nothing?
Calcium
What is a chemical equation for Titration?
Dilute acid + Alkali —> metal salt + water
An indicator should be used to indicate the neutralisation
Phenolphthalein turns colourless in acids and pink in basics
What is the excess solid seen during titration or neutralisation?
The salt formed
It is then evaporated to concentrate the solution or crystallised
What factors have direct proportion with reaction rate?
Concentration
Temperature
Pressure
Surface area
In Yalta Cats Will Bounce on Cream.
What solutions are used for this?
Dilute nitric acid and aqueous Silver Nitrate
When adding Sodium Hydroxide, which positive ion becomes a SOLUBLE hydroxide?
Aluminium hydroxide is soluble on excess giving a colourless solution
When adding ammonia solution, which positive ion becomes dissolvable?
Copper (II) dissolves giving a deep blue solution
Which positive ion becomes soluble in excess ammonia solution?
Zinc
How does silver bromide react with ammonia solution?
It is only slightly soluble
How does silver chloride react in ammonia solution?
It is soluble
Which are the negative and positive electrodes?
The cathode is the negative electrode attracting positive ions
The anode is the positive electrode attracting negative ions
In electrolysis, where does oxidation occur?
At the anode
