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Clinical Skills > Alternative Therapies > Flashcards

Alternative Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

The type of cell responsible for the transmission of impulses through the nervous system is the

A

Neuron

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2
Q

The skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebra is the

A

Occipital Bone

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3
Q

How many cervical vertebrae does the cat have?

A

7

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4
Q

The first cervical vertebra, C1, is referred to as the

A

Atlas

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5
Q

The most caudal portion of the sternum is called the

A

Xiphoid

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6
Q

The humeroradioulnar joint is located

A

Proximal to the carpus

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7
Q

The leg bone responsible for minimal support is the

A

Fibula

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8
Q

The large muscle of the caudal aspect of the canine lower hind leg is the

A

Gastrocnemius

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9
Q

Fascia is described as

A

A tough sheet of fibrous connective tissue

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10
Q

The deltoid muscles allow fine movements of the

A

Shoulder

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11
Q

The joint between the bony rib and cartilaginous portion of the rib is called the

A

Costochondral junction

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12
Q

Dogs have how many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae?

A

7,13,7

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13
Q

Horses have how many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae?

A

7,18,7

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14
Q

Efferent neurons are part of what system?

A

Motor

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15
Q

Afferent neurons are part of what system?

A

Sensory

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16
Q

How many types of cranial nerves exist?

A

12

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17
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for balance and hearing?

A

Vestibulocochlear

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18
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for which of the following?
Sensations from the head and teeth, chewing
Eye movement
Facial and scalp movement
Tongue movement, swallowing, salivation, and taste

A

Tongue movement, swallowing, salivation, and taste

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19
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves is a sensory nerve?
Vestibulocochlear
Accessory
Trochlear
Hypoglossal

A

Vestibulocochlear

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20
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves is the longest cranial nerve that innervates many organs in the body?

A

Vagus

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21
Q

Nociceptors are important for detecting

A

Pain

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22
Q

The vagus nerve is cranial nerve ________.

A

X

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23
Q

The calcaneus of dogs is also referred to as the

A

Point of Hock

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24
Q

Which animal contains the highest number of sacral vertebrae?

A

Horse

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25
Q

Which of the following is the most proximal bone of the thoracic limb?

A

Scapula

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26
Q

Which canine muscle originates from the dorsal midline from C2 to C7 and inserts on the spine of the scapula?

A

Trapezius

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27
Q

Which muscle is responsible for retracting the forelimb of dogs?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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28
Q

Which muscle group extends the hip joint and abducts the thigh?

A

Gluteals

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29
Q

Which muscle is the most medial muscle of the hamstring?

A

Semimembranous

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30
Q

All of the following are muscles of the hind limb in dogs, EXCEPT:
Biceps femoris
Quadriceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Biceps brachii

A

Biceps Brachii

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31
Q

Which of the following are goals of physical rehabilitation therapy?
Decreased pain and inflammation,
Maintained or increased joint ROM and flexibility,
Maintained or increased strength
All of the Above

A

All of the Above

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32
Q

Benefits of massage include which of the following?
Decreased muscle spasms and increased local blood and lymphatic flow
Help for the patient to reach “nirvana”
No physiological benefits
Cannot be performed on canine species

A

Decreased muscle spasms and increased local blood and lymphatic flow

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33
Q

What modalities does thermotherapy encompass?
Heat therapy only
Cold therapy only
Laser therapy
Heat and cold therapy

A

Heat and cold therapy

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34
Q

When starting a patient on aquatic swimming therapy, which of the following would be a main recommendation?
Start the patient on a long, difficult program to increase tolerance
Swim several times a day, building in 30-minute increments
Slowly introduce aquatic therapy depending on patient’s level
Aquatic therapy swimming is recommended for all patients regardless of incisions

A

Slowly introduce aquatic therapy depending on patient’s level

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35
Q

Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) includes what five branches?
Diet and food, exercise Qigong, Tui-na, acupuncture, and herbal medicine
Yin-yang, eight principles, zang-fu organs, four levels, and six stages
Wood, fire, earth, metal, and water
Heart, blood, spleen, lung, and kidney

A

Diet and food, exercise Qigong, Tui-na, acupuncture, and herbal medicine

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36
Q

Why is electrical stimulation used at select acupuncture points?

A

To increase the duration of effect

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37
Q

What is a myofascial trigger point (MTrP)?

A “jump sign”
A hyperirritable spot in skeletal muscle that is associated with a hypersensitive palpable nodule in a taut band.
A muscle spasm that causes intense pain
None of the above

A

A hyperirritable spot in skeletal muscle that is associated with a hypersensitive palpable nodule in a taut band.

38
Q

In chiropractic practice, what is the role of the veterinary technician?

A

Takes the preliminary history
Conducts the initial examination
Pain assessment

39
Q

A traumatic cause of OA in dogs includes obesity as a risk factor. What is the most common traumatic cause of OA in dogs?

A

Ruptured cruciate ligaments

40
Q

What is meant by the term noxious stimulus?

A

A damaging or potentially damaging tissue stimulus

41
Q

If a painful stimulus is traveling in an afferent direction, what does this mean?

A

Toward the central nervous system

42
Q

What is the minimal stimulus required to elicit a transmittable electrical signal from a peripheral sensory receptor?

A

Threshold

43
Q

Pain known as first pain, because it is often the first pain felt after injury, is often described as sharp and short lived. This pain signal is transmitted by what nociceptor?

A

A-delta

44
Q

What are the two main nerve fiber types associated with transmitting pain sensation information to the central nervous system?

A

A-delta and C fibers

45
Q

Which of the following correctly lists (in order) the four events involved in the pain pathway?

A

Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception

46
Q

Which of the following terms describes the changing, inhibiting, or amplifying of an impulse within the spinal cord?
Transmission
Perception
Modulation
Inflammation

A

Modulation

47
Q

What is the function of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

A

To receive and manage sensory information from the peripheral nerves

48
Q

Which type of fibers does the “gate control theory” state are responsible for increasing the inhibitory effects of interneurons, thereby reducing transmission of painful stimuli?

A

A-beta

49
Q

Pain originating from injury to the skin, muscles, joints, and deep tissues is termed

A

Somatic pain

50
Q

Which of the following chemicals is not considered a major inflammatory mediator of pain?
Histamine
Substance P
Bradykinin
Estrogen

A

Estrogen

51
Q

What type of nerve fiber is responsible for a diffuse, burning type of pain accompanying tissue damage and inflammation?
A-beta fibers
C fibers
A-delta fibers
Myelinated fibers

A

C fibers

52
Q

What type of pain can be felt because of damage to internal organs?

A

Visceral pain

53
Q

What nerve fibers are responsible for conducting harmless signals that provide information such as touch, pressure, vibration, and movement?

A

A-beta fibers

54
Q

Which of the following painful conditions is not an example of chronic pain?
Osteoarthritis
Chronic otitis externa
Incisional pain following castration
Prolonged cancer treatment

A

Incisional pain following castration

55
Q

Which of the following time frames describes chronic pain?
Pain that lasts only 24 hours
Pain that lasts minutes to hours
Pain that is prolonged (days, weeks, months)
The sharp pain that accompanies IV catheter placement

A

Pain that is prolonged (days, weeks, months)

56
Q

What substance normally blocks the NMDA receptor so that it cannot allow ions to pass freely and generate an impulse?

A

Magnesium

57
Q

What is the function of myelin?

A

To increase the rate of nerve impulse transmission

58
Q

The inflammatory mediator histamine originates where?

A

Mast cells

59
Q

Massage is an example of which type of rehabilitation technique?
Manual therapy
Effleurage techniques
Physical modalities
Therapeutic exercise

A

Manual therapy

60
Q

Visceral pain is quite common among companion animals. Which of the following is not an example of visceral pain?
Pancreatitis
Gastroenteritis
Bowel ischemia
Osteosarcoma

A

Osteosarcoma

61
Q

Gabapentin is used to help alleviate the symptoms of neuropathic pain. Which of the following characteristics best describes the sensation associated with neuropathic pain?

A

Burning or lancing pain

62
Q

The role of the veterinary technician in pain management includes
Patient assessment
Differentiating pain from other stress
Monitoring and treating drug effects
All of the above

A

All of the Above

63
Q

Which of the following is an example of analgesic therapies used in the postoperative period?
Low-level laser therapy
Hydrotherapy
Massage therapy
All of the above

A

All of the Above

64
Q

Which of the following is the most common sign of osteoarthritic pain in cats?

A

Reduced frequency of jumping up to high places

65
Q

An epidural injection in a dog is injected between

A

L7-S1

66
Q

Which of the following statements is not true regarding acupuncture?
The points and channels of acupuncture follow neurovascular pathways
Acupuncture treats pain by inducing neuromodulation along peripheral, central, and autonomic pathways
Acupuncture treatments can involve: needling, electroacupuncture, low-level laser, and manual pressure
Acupuncture relies on nonspecific identification of the structures responsible for generating pain

A

Acupuncture relies on nonspecific identification of the structures responsible for generating pain

67
Q

Which of the following examples does acupuncture usually involve?
Veterinary manual therapy
The use of herbs for analgesia
The insertion of thin, sterile needles into specific anatomic sites richly supplied with nerve endings
Diluted substances in homeopathic remedies

A

The insertion of thin, sterile needles into specific anatomic sites richly supplied with nerve endings

68
Q

Which of the following are contraindications for acupuncture?
Pregnancy
Sepsis
Severe bleeding abnormalities
All of the above

A

All of the Above

69
Q

Myofascial pain syndrome entails the palpation of

A

Taut bands and trigger points

70
Q

Herbs used for COX inhibition do not include:
Ginger
Devils claw
Capsaicin
White willow bark

A

Capsaicin

71
Q

Examples of complementary therapy for pain management include
Manual therapy
Magnet therapy
Homeopathy
All of the above

A

All of the Above

72
Q

During cryotherapy, the cold temperature raises the activation threshold of:
Reflex muscles
Blood vessels
Tissue nociceptors
Painful nerves

A

Tissue nociceptors

73
Q

When should cryotherapy be applied for best response?
During the acute inflammatory phase of tissue healing
After exercise to lessen inflammatory response
Immediately following surgery
All of the above

A

All of the Above

74
Q

Caution should be used with cryotherapy if a patient has

A

Localized vascular compromise
Areas of previous frostbite

75
Q

Cold or white skin after a 20-minute cryotherapy session may indicate

A

Possible cold-induced tissue damage

76
Q

Cryotherapy can include
Ice packs
Cold immersion baths
Ice massage
All of the above

A

All of the Above

77
Q

Which of the following scenarios is thermotherapy not useful for?
Chronic pain
Muscle spasm
Acute inflammation
Stretching to enhance collagen extensibility

A

Acute inflammation

78
Q

Treatment for joint mobility includes:
ROM
Stretching exercises
a and b
None of the above

A

A & B

79
Q

Which of the following is an example of an active range of motion exercise?
Aquatic therapy
Walking in snow or sand
Climbing stairs
All of the above

A

All of the Above

80
Q

Therapeutic exercises do not include
Pulling or carrying weights
Cavaletti rails
Treadmill walking
Wheelbarrowing

A

Pulling or carrying weights

81
Q

A contraindication for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) includes

A

Animals with pacemakers

82
Q

When should low-level laser therapy not be used?

A

Over areas of malignancy or cancer

83
Q

Massage techniques may include
Effleurage
Petrissage
Trigger point therapy
All of the above

A

All of the Above

84
Q

Which tool is used to measure passive range of motion in companion animals?

A

Goniometer

85
Q

When should therapeutic ultrasound not be used?

A

When the patient’s area of interest has plastic or metal implants

86
Q

Phototherapy can be used for
Soft-tissue injuries
Wound healing
Chronic pain
All of the above

A

All of the Above

87
Q

In cats, aquatic therapy is contraindicated for

A

Cardiac dysfunction

88
Q

An example of a proprioception exercise used for cats is

A

Balance Board

89
Q

Which of the following describes “wind-up”?
An increase in the excitability of spinal neurons, mediated in part by the activation of NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons
It occurs when tissue inflammation leads to the release of a complex array of chemical mediators, resulting in reduced nociceptor thresholds
When brief trauma or noxious stimulus result in physiological pain
The perceived increase in pain intensity with time when a given painful stimulus is delivered repeatedly in excess of a critical rate

A

The perceived increase in pain intensity with time when a given painful stimulus is delivered repeatedly in excess of a critical rate

90
Q

Pain that is abnormal and not beneficial for the patient is called:

A

Maladaptive pain

Clinical Skills (2 decks)

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