Alterations of Endocrine Function Flashcards
What hormones are produced from the hypothalamus?
TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH
What hormones are produced from the Pituitary Gland?
Anterior: TSH, GH, PROLACTION
Posterior: ADH & OXYTOCIN
What hormones are produced from the pineal gland?
Melatonin
What hormones are produced from the Thyroid?
T3 and T4
What hormones are produced from the Parathyroid?
PTH
What does PTH regulate?
Calcium
What hormones are produced from the Pancreas?
Insulin & Glucagon
What hormones are produced from the Adrenal glands?
Aldosterone, Cortisol, Estrogen, Glucocorticoids, and Mineralcorticoids
What causes Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion?
Increased ADH levels without physiologic stimuli
What are some other common causes of SIADH?
Tumors, surgery, and medications
What are 2 key characteristics of SIADH?
- Enhanced renal water retention
2. Dilutional Hyponatremia
What are the Clinical Manifestations of SIADH?
Weight gain, confusion, lethargy, decrease LOC, seizures, cerebral edema
What is the treatment for SIADH?
Correct underlying condition, electrolyte replacement, and diuretics
What is the issue with Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
Insufficiency of ADH activity
What are the two forms of DI?
Neurogenic and Nephrogenic
What is the cause of Neurogenic DI?
Insufficient secretion of ADH do to a lesion, infection, or ischemic injury
What organ is being affected by Neurogenic DI?
The hypothalamus or posterior pituitary
How soon are the symptoms prevalent in Neurogenic DI?
Brough on rapidly
What is the cause of Nephrogenic DI?
Inadequate response of the renal tubules to ADH
What organ is being affected by Nephrogenic DI?
Kidneys
How soon are the symptoms prevalent in Nephrogenic DI?
Gradual onset
What are the clinical manifestations of Nephrogenic DI?
Polyuria, polydipsia, and urine is normally clear
What is a big complication of Diabetes Insipidus?
DEHYDRATION
What is the treatment for DI?
Fluid replacement and monitor closely
What is the main cause of Hypopituitarism?
The absence or failure of one or more pituitary hormones
What are some other causes of hypopituitarism?
Tumor, brain injury, infection, ischemia
What is Dwarfism?
Insufficient GH in children
What are the risk factors for dwarfism?
Increased risk of mortality
What is treatment of hypopituitarism?
Give them more of that certain hormone
What typically causes hyperpituitarism?
Pituitary adenoma
What does a microadenoma do in hyperpituitarism?
It’s so small, that it tends to not cause alot of problems
What does macroadenoma do in hyperpituitarism?
Cause the majority of problems
When population does Giantism effect?
Children
Which population does Acromegaly affect or when does it get diagnosed?
Adulthood
What are some clinical manifestations of Acromegaly?
Bony prominences, flatter forehead, more protrusion the jaw, enlargement of hands/feet, have an increased risk for heart disease, and can become insulin resistance
What is the main cause of hyperthyroidism?
Excessive amounts of TH secreted from the thyroid
What is Graves Disease?
It is an autoimmune disease and type II hypersensitivity, where the body is attacking the thyroid
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
Weight loss, visual disturbances, heat intolerance, and an enlarged thyroid
What are the treatments for hyperthyroidism?
Medication to lower the thyroid hormone; also keep an eye on patients mental status/stress.
What is Thyroid Storm?
Increased action of thyroid hormones to exceed metabolic demands; metabolic activity is going to exceed what your body can handle
How severe is thyroid storm?
Dangerous crisis requiring immediate intervention