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pathophys > Alterations in Male Genital Reproductive > Flashcards

Alterations in Male Genital Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hypogonadism

A

Testicular Failure which results in low androgens and sperm count

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2
Q

What is secondary Hypogonadism

A

Lack of LH/FSH from anterior pituitary

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3
Q

What are the manifestations of Hypogonadism?

A

ED, fatigue, depression, change in body comp, loss of secondary sex characteristics, increased risk of CV disease

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4
Q

How do you diagnose and treat hypogonadism?

A

you diagnose by drawing a serum testosterone level and you treat by giving replacement testosterone

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5
Q

What is Male infertility?

A

Unable to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse

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6
Q

What are some causes of male infertility

A

ductal obstruction, hypogonadism, testicular atrophy
the cause is typically idiopathic

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7
Q

How do you diagnose Male Infertility?

A

2 semen analyses

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8
Q

How does aging impact Male fertility?

A

Men experience andropause which is a degree of hypogonadism associated with aging
prostate enlarges
ED is common in older males, especially those with preexisting conditions
low self-esteem, negative self-image

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9
Q

What is Erectile Dysfunction (impotence)

A

Inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance

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10
Q

what is Primary ED

A

has never had an erection before in life often related to hypogonadism

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11
Q

What is secondary ED

A

no longer able to attain n erection but had normal erections in the past (this is the most common)

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12
Q

What are some causes of secondary ED

A

Peripheral Vascular Disease
Endocrine Problems
Medications
Trauma
Psychological
Iatrogenic

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13
Q

What is the treatment for ED

A

implants, medications, psychosexual therapy

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14
Q

What is Hypospadias/ Epispadias

A

Is the abnormal location of the urethral meatus which can alter the stream and impact fertility
also will delay circumcisions

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15
Q

What is the cause of Hypospadias/Epispadias

A

incomplete fusion of urethral folds

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16
Q

What is the treatment for Hypospadias/ Epispadias

A

Surgical correction when the child reaches about 18 months

17
Q

What is Phimosis

A

Occurs when the uncircumcised foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans of the penis

18
Q

What is the cause of the Phimosis

A

caused by chronic inflammation and infection from poor hygiene

19
Q

How do you treat phimosis

A

treat infection and give circumcision

20
Q

What is paraphimosis

A

Foreskin that has been retracted up onto the shaft cannot be replaced back to normal position

21
Q

What is the treatment for paraphimosis

A

may result in circumcision if it cannot be reduced back to the place

22
Q

What are urethral strictures

A

narrowing of the urethra from scar tissue from prior infection, trauma often caused by infection of STI or trauma

23
Q

Clinical Manifestations of urethral strictures

A

decreased urinary stream, urethral discharge, urinary retention (which can result in UTI)

24
Q

How to treat Urethral Strictures

A

Dilate the Urethera

25
Q

What is Peyronie Disease

A

upward bowing of the penile shaft during erection idiopathic cause of progressive fibrosis and plaque formation which will result in a painful bent erection

26
Q

What is Priapism

A

painful persistent erection due to engorgement with blood with an idiopathic cause behind veno-occlusive leading to ischemia and fibrosis

27
Q

Secondary causes of Priapism

A

sickle cell anemia, diabetes, leukemia, alcohol, marijuana, medications

28
Q

Treatment for Priapism

A

tx the underlying cause, aspiration of blood, injection of alpha-adrenergic agents, cold packs, analgesics/sedation

29
Q

What is cryptorchidism

A

testis that are not in the scrotal sack typically in the inguinal canal; testes incompletely descended or external to the canal

30
Q

How can cryptorchidism impact the body

A

may affect spermatogenesis and cause infertility

31
Q

How do you treat cryptorchidism

A

HCG, surgery

32
Q

What is a hydrocele and what are the manifestations

A

fluid collection surrounding the testicle or spermatic cord
this results in scrotal swelling that increase during the day

33
Q

How do you treat a hydrocele

A

surgical drainage and plication of the hydrocele sac

pathophys (3 decks)

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