alterations in body temp Flashcards
Usually, this is the result of you not being
vaccinated when you’re young and some
classmates have measles, so you get
infected as well. Could develop fever, other
symptoms more sever like diarrhea
RUBEOLA
Forscheimer spots, unlike measles which
usually appear in a febrile episode, when the
rashes erupt, the fever usually goes down.
RUBELLA
Manifested by fever usually in young
individuals with a slightly “slapped” cheek
appearance. Sometimes, they could have a
lacey pattern.
ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM
o Here’s when the problem comes in because
most of the related viruses usually resolved
for about 2-3 days so it’s very difficult to
diagnose unless you do the viral studies.
o If you’re not sure of the diagnosis because
they’ll tell you that they got rashes but they
feel better, the rashes is not, you could just
tell them that it is a viral fever. Similarly, it is
common with children below 3 years old and
they usually get better after.
o Most commonly mistaken for German
measles
EXANTHEM SUBITUM
o Manifestation is from peripheral going
down.
o It is treatable but if it has been diagnosed
late, the mortality is very high.
o Condyloma latum – are moist flat-topped
papules that appear about 6 months after
infection.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
Most prominent feature is that the fever is accompanied by migratory arthralgias or non-inflammatory joint pain that spreads from one joint to another. These rashes are very painful that you might feel like you have rheumatoid arthritis. Same vector with the Dengue virus.
CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER
Consist of target lesions similar to a dart
board. If involves the mucus membrane,
it is your __________ major. It is
very severe and has high mortality. Some
drugs like allopurinol and antibiotics can
cause these lesions
Erythema multiforme
Presenting as fever and you might not see the nodular lesions often. Instead, you must look for the presence of anemia, heart murmur and fever. The thing that you need to watch out for and the thing that you probably will give you an idea is new and changing murmurs. Diagnosis is usually via 2D –Echo and Esophageal Echocardiogram
• BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
o Because of the absence of immunoglobulins, we give these patients very high doses of aspirin in order to improve them, but now, immunoglobulin is the drug of choice. Look for the presence of “strawberry tongue”
CONFLUENT DESQUAMATIVE ERYTHEMAS
You might mistakenly diagnose this as
very severe psoriasis then check for the
clinical symptoms.
• EXFOLIATIVE ERYTHRODEMA SYNDROME
Rash can be of different sizes, some vesicle-like or a
bullous configuration, some are smaller while some
are bigger
VESICULOBULLOUS OR PUSTULAR
Most of the time it occurs in younger age or when you’re in college. These are progressive, usually self-limiting. Immunocompromised children with present with more severe symptoms.
VARICELLA
hot-tub folliculitis
PSEUDOMONAS
Similar to your chickenpox, however more
diffused. Can also affect your
mucocutaneous areas.
VARIOLA
Very painful lesions, usually sexually
transmitted.
PRIMARY HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV)
INFECTION
Shingles. Not diffused, they follow a certain
dermatomal line and are very painful.
• DISSEMINATED HERPES VIRUS INFECTION
• If with fever, are often associated with vasculitis
URTICARIA-LIKE LESIONS
It may appear in healthy people or in
immunocompromised hosts sign of disseminated
infection
NODULAR ERUPTIONS
Type of vasculitis that could usually present
in the lower extremities. They would present
to the nodular erythematous lesions that are
very painful and may present with fever. It
could be secondary to an infection.
•ERYTHEMA NODOSUM
o Secondary to Yersinia infection.
o Management is antibiotics.
• SWEET SYNDROME
- May reflect a sever underlying condition
- Eruption with ulcers or eschars
- Suggest either anthrax or tularemia
PURPURIC ERUPTIONS
A severe infection that would present
initially with fever, myalgia, and more
severely to hypertension, DIC. Mortality
is very high. Usually, these patients are
rushed in with fever, very septic looking,
with bluish rashes, be very careful
because this is very easily disseminated
and prophylaxis is usually given to
employees exposed.
• ACUTE MENINGOCOCCEMIA
Unintentional drop in the body’s core temperature
below 35 C (95 F)
HYPOTHERMIA
Direct exposure of a previously healthy
individual to cold
• PRIMARY ACCIDENTAL HYPOTHERMIA
Complication of a serious systemic
disorder
• SECONDARY HYPOTHERMIA
• Rectal probes
o 15 cm
• Esophageal probes
24 cm below the larynx
• Tissue temperature drops <0 C
• Ice crystals destroy cellular architecture
• Stasis → microvascular thrombosis → Dermal
ischemia → edema → thrombosis → ischemia →
superficial necrosis → mummification and
demarcation
FROSTBITE
o Waxy, mottled, yellow or violaceous
appearance
o Vesiculation with edema and erythema
o Hemorrhagic vesicles
DEEP FROSBITE
o Neuronal and endothelial damage from repeated exposure to dry cold o Erythema, mild edema and pruritus o Plaques, blue nodules and ulceration o Seen in patients with lupus or Reynaud’s phenomenon
CHILBAIN (PERNIO)
o Repetitive immersion to wet cold o Cyanotic, cold and edematous o Bullae, ulceration and liquefaction gangrene o Hyperhidrosis, cold sensitivity and painful ambulation
• IMMERSION (TRENCH) FOOT
• Chilbain Syndrome tx
o Supportive
o Nifedipine
o Steroid
o Limaprost (PGE Analogue)
