ALT Flag Test 1 Flashcards
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 1
What Muscle is flagged?
THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment ~ Sacrum, PSIS, Sacrotuberous ligament
Superior attachment ~ Lower 6 Thoracic Ribs, Supraspinous ligament
Position ~ Posterior to IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Both Dorsal and Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Extension of VC
Unilateral ~ Lateral flexion, Rotation
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 2
What Muscle is flagged?
RECTUS ABDOMINUS
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment ~ Pubic crest, Pubic tubercule, Anterior Pubic Symphysis
Superior attachment ~ Xiphoid process, 5-7th Costal cartilages
Position ~ Anterior to IVJs
Orientation ~ Vertical
Innervation ~ Lower Thoracic Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Trunk Flexion, IAP increase
Unilateral ~ N/A
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 3
What Muscle is flagged?
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment ~ Linea alba, Pubic tubercule, Anterior Iliac crest
Superior attachment ~ External surfaces of Ribs 8-12
Position ~ Anterolateral to IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Lower T7-12 + L1 Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Trunk flexion, Compresses abdomen
Unilateral ~ Ips. Trunk Lateral flexion, Contra. Trunk Rotation
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 4
What Muscle is flagged?
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment ~ Thoracolumnbar fascia, Anterolateral Iliac crest
Superior attachment ~ Linea alba, Inferior border ribs 10-12
Position ~ Anterolateral to IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Lower T7-12 + L1 Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Trunk Flexion
Unilateral ~ Ips. Lateral flexion, Ips. Trunk Rotation
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 5
What Muscle is flagged?
TRANSVERUS ABDOMINUS
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Posterior attachment ~ Thoracolumnbar fascia
Superior attachment ~ Linea alba + Pubic crest
Position ~ Anterior to IVJs
Orientation ~ Horizontal
Innervation ~ Lower T7-12 + L1 Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Acts as a stabiliser, Compresses abdomen
Unilateral ~ N/A
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 6
What Muscle is flagged?
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment ~ L5 TP, Adjacent Iliac crest
Superior attachment ~ L1-4 TPs, Inferior border of Rib 12
Position ~ Lateral to IVJs
Orientation ~ Vertical
Innervation ~ Lumbar Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Extension of L spine, Stabilisation of 12th Rib
Unilateral ~ Lateral flexion
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 7
What Muscle is flagged?
PSOAS MAJOR
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment ~ Lesser trochanter of Femur
Superior attachment ~ Lumbar vertebrae TPs, Lateral bodies + interventing IVDs
Position ~ Anterior to IVJs
Orientation ~ Vertical
Innervation ~ Lumbar Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Trunk Flexion at the Hip joint
Unilateral ~ Trunk Lateral flexion
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 8
What Muscle is flagged?
ROTATORES
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Cervical TPs (Cervicus)
~ Thoracic TPs (Thoracis)
~ Lumbar TPs (Lumborum)
Superior attachment
~ Cervical SPs (Cervicus)
~ Thoracic SPs (Thoracis)
~ Lumbar SPs (Lumborum)
Position ~ Posterior to IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Dorsal rami
Bilateral ~ Extension of the Spine
Unilateral ~ Contra. Rotation
Spans 1-2 Spinal segments
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 9
What Muscle is flagged?
MULTIFIDUS
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Cervical or Upper Thoracic TPs (Cervicus)
~ Thoracic or Upper Lumbar TPs (Thoracis)
~ Posterior sacrum + Lumbar TPs (Lumborum)
Superior attachment
~ Cervical SPs (Cervicus)
~ Thoracic SPs (Thoracis)
~ Lumbar SPs (Lumborum)
Position ~ Posterior to IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Dorsal rami
Bilateral ~ Extension of the Spine
Unilateral ~ Contra. Rotation, Ips. Lateral flexion
Spans 2-4 Spinal segments
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 10
What Muscle is flagged?
SEMISPINALIS
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Upper T + Lower C TPs (Capitis)
~ Upper Thoracic TPs (Cervicus)
~ Lower Thoracic TPs (Thoracis)
Superior attachment
~ Posterior Occipital bone (Capitis)
~ Upper Cervical SPs (Cervicus)
~ Thoracic TPs (Thoracis)
Position ~ Posterior to IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Dorsal rami
Bilateral ~ Extension of the Spine
Unilateral ~ Contra. Rotation, Lateral flexion
Spans 6-10 Spinal segments
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 11
What Muscle is flagged?
SPINALIS
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Blends with Semispinalis Capitis (Capitis)
~ Ligament Nuchae (Cervicus)
~ Upper L + Lower T SPs (Thoracis)
Superior attachment
~ Blends with Semispinalis Capitis (Capitis)
~ Axis SP (Cervicus)
~ Upper Thoracic SPs (Thoracis)
Position ~ Posterior to IVJs
Orientation ~ Vertical
Innervation ~ Dorsal rami
Bilateral ~ Extension
Unilateral ~ Ips. Rotation and Ips. Lateral flexion
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 12
What Muscle is flagged?
LONGISSIMUS
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Upper Thoracic + Cervical TPs (Capitis)
~ Upper Thoracic TPs (Cervicus)
~ Lumbar TPs (Thoracis)
Superior attachment
~ Posterior Mastoid process (Capitis)
~ Upper Cervical TPs (Cervicus)
~ Thoracic TPs (Thoracis)
Position ~ Posterolateral to IVJs
Orientation ~ Vertical
Innervation ~ Dorsal rami
Bilateral ~ Extension
Unilateral ~ Ips. Lateral flexion
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 13
What Muscle is flagged?
SPLENIUS CAPITIS
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Upper Thoracic SPs, Lower Half Lig. Nuchae
Superior attachment
~ Mastoid process
Position ~ Posterior to IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Cervical Dorsal rami
Bilateral ~ Extension of Head and Neck
Unilateral ~ Ips. Head Rotation, Lateral flexion
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 14
What Muscle is flagged?
SPLENIUS CERVICUS
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Upper Thoracic SPs
Superior attachment
~ Upper Cervical TPs
Position ~ Posterior to lower Cervical IVJs, Lateral to upper Thoracic IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Cervical Dorsal rami
Bilateral ~ Extension of Neck
Unilateral ~ Ips. Head Rotation, Lateral flexion
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 15
What Muscle is flagged?
ILIOCOSTALIS
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Angles of Upper 6 ribs (Cervicus)
~ Angles of Lower 6 ribs (Thoracis)
~ Posterior Sacrum/Iliac crest, Lumbar SPs, Supra. ligament (Lumborum)
Superior attachment
~ Cervical TPs (Cervicus)
~ Angle of Upper 6 ribs (Thoracis)
~ Angle of Lower 6 ribs (Lumborum)
Position ~ Posterolateral to IVJs / IVDs
Orientation ~ Vertical
Innervation ~ Dorsal rami
Bilateral ~ Extension of Neck
Unilateral ~ Ips. Lateral flexion
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 16
What Muscle is flagged?
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment
~ Sternum, Medial Clavicle
Superior attachment
~ Mastoid process
Position ~ Anterolateral to IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Bilateral ~ Lower Cervical Neck Flexion, Extension at AO joint
Unilateral ~ Ips. Lateral flexion, Contra. Rotation
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 17
What Muscle is flagged?
SCALENES
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment
~ 1st and 2nd Ribs
Superior attachment
~ Middle to Lower Cervical TPs
Position ~ Varies on aspect, Lateral to Upper Thoracic IVJs (All 3 components)
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Lower Cervical Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Flexion
Unilateral ~ Lateral flexion
3 DISTINCT PARTS = Anterior, Middle, Posterior
Stabilises Cervical spine, Elevates Upper ribs during Inspiration
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 18
What Muscle is flagged?
RECTUS CAPITIS ANTERIOR
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment
~ Anterior surface of Lateral mass
~ Atlas TP
Superior attachment
~ Inferior surface of Occipital bone
Position ~ Anterior to AO jt, Medial to AA jt.
Orientation ~ Vertical
Innervation ~ C1/2 Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Flexion at AO joint
Unilateral ~ Flexion at AO joint, Contra. Head Rotation
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 19
What Muscle is flagged?
RECTUS CAPITIS LATERALIS
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment
~ Atlas TP
Superior attachment
~ Inferior surface of Occipital bone
Position ~ Lateral to AO jt, Anterior to AA jt.
Orientation ~ Horizontal
Innervation ~ C1/C2 Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Extension of Head and Neck
Unilateral ~ Ips. Lateral flexion
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 20
What Muscle is flagged?
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Axis SP
Superior attachment
~ Posterolateral Occipital bone
Position ~ Posterior to AO and AA joints
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ C1 Dorsal ramus
Bilateral ~ Extension at AO joint
Unilateral ~ Ips. Head Rotation
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 21
What Muscle is flagged?
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Axis
Superior attachment
~ Posterior Occipital bone
Position ~ Anterior to AO jt, Medial to AA jt.
Orientation ~ Vertical
Innervation ~ C1 Dorsal rami
Bilateral ~ Extension at AO joint
Unilateral ~ Ips. Rotation at AA
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 22
What Muscle is flagged?
LONGUS CAPITIS + LONGUS COLLI
Embryology ~ Hypomere
Inferior attachment
~ Anterior surface of Lower C and Upper T vertebrae
Superior attachment
~ Anterior surface of Upper C and Occipital bone
Position ~ Anterior to lower C IVJs, Medial to upper T IVJs
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Cervical Ventral rami
Bilateral ~ Flexion of Cervical IVJs and Head
Unilateral ~ Flexion, Lateral flexion
Greater detail on Hand written flashcard
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 23
What Muscle is flagged?
OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Axis SP
Superior attachment
~ Atlas TP
Position ~ Posterior to AA jt, Lateral to AO jt.
Orientation ~ Oblique
Innervation ~ Cervical Dorsal ramus
Bilateral ~ Minimal movement
Unilateral ~ Ips. Rotation at AA joint
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 24
What Muscle is flagged?
OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR
Embryology ~ Epimere
Inferior attachment
~ Atlas TP
Superior attachment
~ Posterolateral Occipital bone
Position ~ Posterior to AO jt, Lateral to AA jt.
Orientation ~ Vertical
Innervation ~ Cervical Dorsal ramus
Bilateral ~ Extension of Neck
Unilateral ~ Ips. Head Rotation, Lateral flexion
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 25
Identify the Flagged Muscle and a useful Mnemonic to remember its components
ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLE GROUP
“I Love Spine”
Iliocostalis (Lateral)
Longissimus (Middle)
Spinalis (Medial)
ALT Flag Test Anatomy Doc ~ Picture 26
Identify the Flagged Muscle and a useful Mnemonic to remember its components
TRANSVERSOSPINALIS MUSCLE GROUP
“ASMR without the A”
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
On a Typical Vertebra, state the function of each Bony landmark
Body , SP , TP , Articular facets , Articular processes , Notches , Pedicles , Laminae , Vertebral foramen , Intervertebral foramen
Bony Landmarks
Body ~ Primary weight-bearing structure
SP ~ Point of attachment for muscles/ligaments that support + facilitiate spinal movements
TP ~ Point of attachment for muscles/ligaments, facilitate movement by acting as levers, and help protect spinal nerves that exit through nearby foramina
Articular facets ~ Form synovial joints with neighboring vertebrae
Articular processes ~ Form joints beween one vertebra and its superior/inferior counterparts
Notches ~ Create openings for spinal nerves to exit from the spinal canal
Pedicles ~ Provide structural support to maintain spinal stability, forming part of the walls surrounding the vertebral foramen
Laminae ~ Enclose and protect the spinal cord within the vertebral foramen
Vertebral foramen ~ House and protect the spinal cord
Intervertebral foramen ~ Allow passage for spinal nerves and blood vessels exiting or entering from/to different levels of the spine
