ALS: Animals Flashcards
Antibodies are found in the blood of cats. Another name for antibodies is _________.
Immunoglobulins
Red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately ________.
120 days
The canine cephalic vein is located…
On the front leg of the dog.
_________ arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to this walls of the heart.
Coronary
Indicate another name for cardiac muscle…
Myocardium
______ is a term that means present at birth.
Congenital
Turbulent blood flow in the canine heart causes…
Murmurs
The protective sac around the heart is the…
Pericardium
The tiny air sacs within the feline lungs are known as…
Alveoli
The chest cavity can also be termed the _________ cavity.
Thoracic
The _________ is used to estimate the genotype of offspring from specific matings.
Punnett Square
Accessory digestive organs of the cat include the…
Pancreas, liver, and salivary glands
The _________ adds bile salts to the duodenum which then aid in _______ digestion.
Liver, lipid
The _________ is the innermost layer of the digestive tract and lines the lumen.
Tunica mucosa
Anaerobic bacteria survive in environments…
Devoid of oxygen
Mastication is another term for…
Chewing
Folds in the dogs stomach are termed…
Rugae
Chyme leaves the stomach through the…
Pyloric sphincter
The dog can convert carotene into…
Vitamin A
__________ is a process whereby glucose can be synthesized from amino acids.
Gluconeogenesis
Select the phagocytic cells.
Neutrophils and macrophages
NK cells are part of the innate immune system. The letters NK stand for…
Natural Killer
Consumption of______ allows for the passive transfer of _______ to the newborn animal.
Colostrum, antibodies
During _____ disorders, the immune system cannot distinguish self from nonself.
Autoimmune
Most viral vaccines for animals are based on live _________ viruses.
Attenuated
Type 1 hypersensitivity is mediated by _____, which triggers degranulation of _______ cells.
IgE, mast
When B cells become activated, they develop into _______ cells which make _____.
Plasma, antibodies
The _____ mouse cannot mount an ___ response and therefore cannot reject a rabbit skin graph.
Type IV, antibody
Select the antibacterial enzyme that is found in saliva and tears of many animals.
Lysozyme
Antibodies are_______ molecules that have a ______ shape.
Protein, Y
________ is the first milk produced after a queen gives birth.
Colostrum
The male gonad is ______ and it produces _______.
Testis, sperm by meiosis
When body temperature decreases below normal this is termed…
Hypothermia
Another name for the spay procedure and the dog is an…
Ovariohysterectomy
The duration of pregnancy and the cat is…
9 weeks
Queens are _______ ovulators so they only ovulate after______.
Induced, mating
Whelping is a term in the dog world that means…
Giving birth
A fouling-smelling vaginal discharge shortly after giving birth in the dog may indicate…
Metritis is present
This structure is often referred to as the gateway to the uterus.
Cervix
______ during lactation is really a case of ______.
Eclampsia, hypocalcemia
Phenotype =________+ environment.
Genotype
A dog given a diuretic would be expected to…
Increase it’s urine production
Gregor Mendel performed genetic selection on…
Peas
In the world of genetics, the term _______ refers to the parents’ offspring.
Progeny
______ are alternate forms of a gene.
Alleles
______ is the masking of the effects of one gene by a another Gene at a different locus.
Recessiveness
In the world of genetics, the letters EPD stand for…
Expected progeny difference
Thermal _______ is a process whereby heat moves through solid objects.
Conduction
On a sunny day, a _____ dog will absorb more radiant heat than a _____ dog.
Black, white
Radiation is the transfer of heat by…
Electromagnetic waves
_______ can directly convert that into thermal energy.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT)
_____ is a regulated elevation of the temperature set point in the _______.
Hyperthermia, hypothalamus
_______ Is used to reduce heat loss on the skin in low ambient temperatures.
Vasoconstriction
Endotherms tend to have a…
Constant internal body temperature
These two animals are able to produce great amounts of sweat.
Humans and horses
When alleles at a locus are the same, we say the individual…
Is homozygous at that locus
A ____ allele will mask a _____ allele.
Dominant, recessive
An example of a qualitative trait in horses it…
Hair coat color
Select the correct definition for additive gene action.
When the heterozygote is intermediate in phenotype between the two homozygotes
It is interesting to note that gray horses tend to have more…
Melanomas than other horses
During a skin infection in the cat, _______ may appear in this substance is primarily dead __________.
Pus, neutrophils
An _________ is any molecule that provokes _________ production
Antigen, antibody
Interferon is a molecule that restricts _______ Application
Viral
This white blood cell provides immunity against parasitic worms
Eosinophils
The _______ system is a cascade reaction that results in attacks on the surface of foreign cells
Complement
One antibody molecule (e.g. IgG) has ______ antigen binding sites
Two
T cells (T lymphocytes) found in the animal body are produced in the
Thymus
The disease _______ interferes with the communication between nerves and _________.
Myasthenia gravis, muscles
