ALS Flashcards
What does ANZRC stand for?
Australian and New Zealand Resuscitation Council
True or False: ANZRC guidelines are only applicable to hospitals.
False
What is the primary goal of Advanced Life Support (ALS)?
To restore and maintain adequate circulation and ventilation.
Fill in the blank: The ALS algorithm emphasizes the importance of ______ in cardiac arrest situations.
high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ALS algorithm? A) Airway management B) Medication administration C) Patient transport D) Defibrillation
C) Patient transport
What is the recommended compression rate during CPR according to ANZRC guidelines?
100 to 120 compressions per minute
True or False: The use of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is encouraged in ALS.
True
What is the first step in the ALS algorithm for managing a patient in cardiac arrest?
Call for help and initiate CPR.
What should be administered after the first shock in a shockable rhythm?
CPR for 2 minutes before the next rhythm check.
Multiple Choice: Which medication is commonly used in ALS for cardiac arrest? A) Aspirin B) Adrenaline C) Amiodarone D) Both B and C
D) Both B and C
What is the maximum dosage of adrenaline that can be administered during ALS for adult patients?
1 mg every 3-5 minutes
Fill in the blank: Advanced airway management techniques include ______ and ______.
endotracheal intubation; supraglottic airway devices
True or False: ALS guidelines recommend continuous chest compressions without interruptions.
False
What is the purpose of post-resuscitation care in ALS?
To optimize recovery and prevent complications.
Which assessment tool is used to evaluate the effectiveness of CPR?
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring
What is the significance of the ‘Chain of Survival’ in ALS?
It outlines the critical steps needed to improve survival rates after cardiac arrest.
Fill in the blank: The recommended depth of chest compressions for adults is at least ______ cm.
5 cm
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a critical step in the post-resuscitation phase? A) Transport to hospital B) Start immediate rehabilitation C) Limit oxygen supplementation D) Discontinue monitoring
A) Transport to hospital
What is the role of rhythm checks in ALS?
To determine if defibrillation is required.
True or False: ALS protocols are the same for pediatric patients as for adults.
False
What is the recommended approach for managing a patient with a suspected stroke in ALS?
Follow the FAST acronym: Face, Arms, Speech, Time.
Fill in the blank: Effective communication among team members during ALS is known as ______.
closed-loop communication
What is the importance of continuous training in ALS for healthcare providers?
To ensure proficiency and adherence to updated guidelines.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following interventions is prioritized in a cardiac arrest situation? A) Advanced airway placement B) Chest compressions C) Medication administration D) Patient assessment
B) Chest compressions
What are the 4 H’s in emergency medicine?
Hypoxia, Hypovolemia, Hypothermia, Hyperkalemia
What does the ‘H’ in Hypoxia stand for?
Hypoxia refers to a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.
Which H condition is characterized by low blood volume?
Hypovolemia
True or False: Hypothermia is a condition of elevated body temperature.
False
Fill in the blank: Hyperkalemia refers to an excess of _______ in the blood.
potassium
What are the 4 T’s in emergency medicine?
Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade (cardiac), Toxins, Thrombosis
Which T condition involves air trapped in the pleural space?
Tension pneumothorax
True or False: Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardial space.
True
What type of substances do Toxins refer to in the 4 T’s?
Toxins refer to harmful substances that can cause medical emergencies.
Fill in the blank: Thrombosis refers to the formation of a ______ in a blood vessel.
clot
What should be assessed first in a patient with suspected hypoxia?
Oxygen saturation levels
What is a common cause of hypovolemia in emergency situations?
Severe bleeding or dehydration
How does hypothermia affect the body?
It slows down bodily functions and can lead to organ failure.
What is the primary treatment for hyperkalemia?
Calcium administration, insulin, and glucose.
What is the immediate intervention for tension pneumothorax?
Needle decompression
What is the main symptom of cardiac tamponade?
Hypotension and muffled heart sounds
True or False: Toxins can only refer to drugs or medications.
False
What diagnostic test is often used to identify thrombosis?
Ultrasound or CT scan
What is the mnemonic to remember the 4 H’s?
Hypoxia, Hypovolemia, Hypothermia, Hyperkalemia
What is the mnemonic to remember the 4 T’s?
Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade, Toxins, Thrombosis
What is the significance of identifying the 4 H’s and 4 T’s in emergency medicine?
They represent reversible causes of cardiac arrest.
Name one sign of hypoxia.
Cyanosis or altered mental status
What can lead to tension pneumothorax?
Chest trauma or mechanical ventilation
Which T condition can be caused by a pulmonary embolism?
Thrombosis
What is a common treatment for toxins ingestion?
Activated charcoal or specific antidotes
Fill in the blank: The 4 H’s and 4 T’s are critical in assessing _______ emergencies.
cardiac
