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ABCTE > Alphabetics & Fluency > Flashcards

Alphabetics & Fluency Flashcards

1
Q

Phonological Awareness

A

Recognition of the distinct segments of spoken sound: words, syllables, and phonemes

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2
Q

Phonemic Awareness

A

Recognition of phonemes, ability to segment words into constituent phonemes, ability to blend phonemes and substitute phonemes to make new words

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3
Q

Phoneme

A

Smallest unit of sound

Indicated by slashes / /

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4
Q

Syllable

A

A word or distinct segment of a word that is naturally pronounced in a single, uninterrupted vocalization

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5
Q

Voiced (and unvoiced) consonants

A

Voiced consonants make your vocal cords vibrate; unvoiced do not

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6
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest unit having meaning: base words, prefixes, and suffixes
Brackets are used to indicate morphemes { }

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7
Q

Phonics

A

Study of relationships between sounds and their written form

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8
Q

Grapheme

A

(Letters) written representation of a phoneme, and is usually the letter (or letters) that make that sound

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9
Q

Digraph

A

Grapheme containing two letters

couples of letters who surrender their individuality and produce a totally different sound altogether

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10
Q

Onset and Rime

A

Parts of syllables; the onset is the first consonant, and the rime is made up of the vowels that follow and consonants that follow the onset

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11
Q

Syllabication

A

the division of words into syllables, either in speech or in writing

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12
Q

Synthetic phonics

A

Begins by teaching aspiring readers the basics of grapheme-phoneme relationships. Students then learn to blend these patterns into words.

Another hallmark of synthetic phonics instruction is practice.

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13
Q

Synthetic phonics

A

Begins by teaching aspiring readers the basics of grapheme-phoneme relationships. Students then learn to blend these patterns into words.

Starts at the phoneme level and builds toward the word level

Another hallmark of synthetic phonics instruction is practice.

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14
Q

Systematic

A

deliberate and measured

Leads students from phonemes to groups of phonemes to words

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15
Q

Explicit

A

clear and to the point, deliberate course of action in introducing phoneme-grapheme relationships

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16
Q

Segmenting

A

Breaking down words into phonemes that comprise it

Tying the phonemes to the graphemes via one-to-one correspondence boosts the phonemic awareness skill of segmenting up to a phonic application

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17
Q

Segmenting

A

Breaking down words into phonemes that comprise it

Tying the phonemes to the graphemes via one-to-one correspondence boosts the phonemic awareness skill of segmenting up to a phonic application

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18
Q

Decoding

A

Using phonemic knowledge and prior knowledge of spelling conventions to read a word

recognizing the various forms that appear in written English will help students draw sounds from written words, blend those sounds, and arrive at the intended word

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19
Q

Analogy Phonics

A

You discuss a word that is already familiar to your students, thereby activating prior knowledge. Then you simply have them make a textual connection between a new word that is very closely related to a familiar word

Recognizing when words begin or end with the same sound

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20
Q

Analytic Phonics

A

Starts like_____and ends like______. You are not discussing individual phonemes outside the context of a real word, as in analogy phonics

Analytic phonics uses full words instead of phonemes out of context

Starts at the whole word level and then analyzes their component phonemes

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21
Q

Embedded Phonics

A

Addressing a word type as it happens, rather than as an explicit strategy in anticipation of encountering such a word

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22
Q

Spelling Phonics

A

After you have the students break their words up into phonemes, they get to pick out letters to match those individual phonemes. Then they put them all together and read the blended concoction.

Begins with a spoken word and ends with a written word

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23
Q

affix

A

an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning.

prefixes and suffixes

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24
Q

consonant blends

A

two or three letters come together to form a phonemic blend, but the sounds that distinguish one letter from the other remain

“Blend is a word that contains two blends”

AKA consonant clusters

May appear at the beginning of the word, within the middle of a word, and/or at the end of a word

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25
Q

consonant digraphs

A

multiple consonants come together surrendering their individuality and produce a totally different sound altogether

/ch/, /sh/, /wh/, /th/

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26
Q

etymology

A

the study of word origins, as well as the different meanings the word has had throughout its history

explicit word study is the vehicle for teaching etymology, as the meanings of roots are not always intuitive

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27
Q

morphology

A

the study of the prefixes and suffixes that one might tack onto roots

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28
Q

orthography

A

NOT the physical act of writing; it’s about spelling and the conventions that govern how we spell

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29
Q

automaticity

A

the ability to quickly and easily decode words (different skill than fluency)

drilling skills so student can perform without obscuring higher-order objectives

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30
Q

rhymes

A

same ending sound

31
Q

allieration

A

same beginning sound

32
Q

fluency

A

second nature

acquired knowledge that has been practiced to the extent that it, too, appears innate, or automatic

sum of reading rate and accuracy

33
Q

prosody

A

the appropriate inflection or expression with which a student reads–is directly related to comprehension, which is synonymous with understanding

34
Q

prefix

A

begins a word and changes the word’s meaning or makes a new word

35
Q

suffix

A

ends a word and can indicate whether a word is a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb

Can also modify and extend meaning

36
Q

adage

A

a pithy phrase or saying people adopt over time because they believe it holds some validity or truth

“You can’t judge a book by its cover.”

37
Q

Connotative Words

A

Connotative refers to the implied meanings words have and are many times dependent on context to be correctly understood

happy vs. blissful

at first glance, the two may seem very close in meaning but blissful suggests a serene happiness and perhaps the sense that someone is unaware of something

38
Q

denotative words

A

denotative refers to words that are specific in meaning and are lacking the connotative overtones, such as the names of objects

table

easily represented by a picture or symbol

39
Q

idiom

A

a colorful word or expression used to convey an idea in an alternate way, idioms are figures of speech, colloquial terms whose meaning is not literal and doesn’t follow the definition of the words of which it is composed

“I’ve got a bone to pick with you”

40
Q

Figurative Language

A

figurative language refers to an author’s use of a word or phrase in a way that is not intended to be interpreted literally

“My dog, Rainbow, likes to fetch.”

41
Q

Metaphor

A

Metaphors are a type of figurative language. When an author compares two things by using one kind of object in place of another to suggest the likeness between the two, it is a metaphor

“My dog, Rainbow, has a cast-iron stomach”

42
Q

simile

A

similies are a type of figurative language often confused with metaphors. When an author uses like or as in a comparison, it is a simile

“My dog, Rainbow, is as pretty as the morning sun.”

43
Q

homophones

A

words that sound alike but are spelled differently and have different definitions

44
Q

homonyms

A

words that sound alike but have different definitions

They are sometimes, but not always spelled differently

45
Q

homographs

A

One word, different definitions and different pronunciations

46
Q

inference

A

conclusions drawn from facts within a text

47
Q

point of view

A

an author’s perspective or a device he or she employs to garner a particular response in a reader

48
Q

facts

A

things that can be proven true

49
Q

opinions

A

statements we believe to be true, but they are difficult or even impossible to prove

50
Q

bandwagon

A

attempts to convince you to do or believe something because everyone else does

51
Q

testimonial

A

attempts to convince you of worth because someone famous endorses a product or idea

52
Q

emotive

A

uses words or images that appeal to the reader’s or viewer’s emotions. The appeal may be to positive emotions, such as success, or to negative ones, such as fear

53
Q

everyday people

A

ordinary people convince you they can be trusted because they’re just like you

54
Q

rich and famous

A

this technique suggest that you can be like the attractive, wealthy people who use this product

55
Q

5 elements to plot

A

conflict, rising action, climax, denouement or falling action, resolution

56
Q

Basic story elements of narrative text

A

plot, theme, characterization, setting, point of view

57
Q

fables

A

moral or lesson, very often personify an object or animal

58
Q

fairy tales

A

type of folktale that may use elements of royalty, magic, enchantment, and the supernatural

59
Q

myths

A

stories that use the supernatural (gods, goddesses to interpret natural events

60
Q

legends

A

stories based on a real-life hero and his or her mighty deeds

61
Q

three elements of characterization

A

appearance, personality, behavior

62
Q

3 types of point of view

A

first person, third-person limited, third-person omniscient

63
Q

theme

A

underlying message of a story

64
Q

setting

A

time (historical and otherwise) and place of a story

65
Q

alliteration

A

repetition of initial consonant sounds in two or more words

66
Q

hyperbole

A

phrase of grandiose exaggeration, usually with humor

67
Q

metaphor

A

comparing two things by using one kind of object in place of another to suggest the likeness between the two

68
Q

personification

A

language that endows objects or nature with human qualities

69
Q

simile

A

like or as in a comparison

70
Q

3 basic literary genres

A

poetry, prose, drama

71
Q

poetry

A

literature written in metrical verse

speaker, sound, rhyme, rhythm

72
Q

play

A

dramatic works intended for performance by actors

classical, tragedy, or comedy

one to three acts and convey action

73
Q

prose

A

fiction or nonfictional words that attempt to mirror the language of everyday speech

any length (short story or novel)

ABCTE (4 decks)

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