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Small Ruminants > Alpacas > Flashcards

Alpacas Flashcards

1
Q

Body scoring alpacas

A

Muscles over the thoracic spine at the level of the last ribs– not the pelvic area

This is a good way to find a sick alpaca

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2
Q

Spotting the sick one

A
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3
Q

How much feed?

A
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4
Q

Pasture and water supply?

A
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5
Q

Roughage with alpacas?

A
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

WHy is vit D a common def. in alpacas?

A
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8
Q

Feed supplements

A

Do not feed pellets= lactic acidosis

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9
Q

Feed considerations in alpacas with their hierarchy

A
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10
Q

Feed wastage

A
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11
Q

Keep it simple nutrition alpacas

A
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12
Q

Clinical examination of alpacas

A
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13
Q

Opthalmoscopic examination

A

•

Find a dark area

•

Use magnification

•

Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) may take 20-45

minutes to effect dilation, so plan for that

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14
Q

Congenital ocular conditions

A
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15
Q

Aural examination alpacas

A
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16
Q

Diagnostic procedures, alpacas

A
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17
Q

Diagnostic pitfalls in alpacas

A
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18
Q

Landmarks for venepuncture

A
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19
Q

Llamas v. alpacas venepuncture

A
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20
Q

Caring for the sick alpaca

A
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21
Q

Energy metabolism of sick camelids

A
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22
Q

Fluid movement associated with persistent hyperglycemia

A

•

Lipid metabolism disoders may occur –

especially in lactating and pregnant females

•

Most sick alpacas become

hypoalbuminaemic

•

Hepatic lipidosis – end point of blood

glucose not meeting demand : similar to

ketosis in conventional ruminants

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23
Q

Responding to the sick camelid

A
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24
Q

Injection technique and sites in an alpaca

A

Injection technique

•

Sterile technique

•

Most injections given subcutaneously

•

The skin of alpacas is quite tightly attached

compared to other species

•

Use the skin in front of and behind the

“shoulder blade” – there is very little

“loose” skin on the camelid

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25
Q

Unlikely disorders in alpacas

A
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26
Q

Likely disorders in alpacas

A

Likely disorders

•

Alpacas are very hardy

•

We see

•

  • some skin problems, often allergic

•

  • occasional gastro enteric disorders

•

  • occasional neurological upsets

•

  • occasional parasitic problems

•

  • cancer likely in older animals

•

Ear infection, foreign bodies - ear carriage

will be down, may shake head. Alpacas

have narrow ears and may need sedation

for adequate examination

•

Weepy eyes, suspect grass seeds. May be

hidden by third eyelid

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27
Q

Neurological disorders in alpacas

A

•

Congenital abnormalities

•

Pasture toxicities - perennial rye & phalaris

•

Snakebite

•

Ixodes holocyclis

•

Heat stress - high temp & humidity in

combination

•

Polioencephalomalacia

•

Hepatic encephalopathy

•

Meningitis, otitis media

•

Hypocalcemia

•

Aspergillosis

•

Cryptococcosis

•

Angiostrogylus cantonensis

28
Q

Sporidesmin

A
29
Q

Perennial ryegrass staggers

A
30
Q

Skin disorders in alpacas

A
31
Q

Biting lice in alpacas

A

Biting lice

•

Presence of Bovicola breviceps

documented in Australian alpaca herds

•

Affects all camelids in South America

•

Most common base of tail, thorax,

abdomen & upper limbs

•

Feed on scurf (“chewing lice”)

•

Life cycle 2-5 weeks – adults live 30-50

days

•

Host specific for camelids

•

Transmission – close contact (e.g. mating)

or grooming instruments

•

Diagnosis – 1.0 – 1.5 mm long,

photophobic so often hard to find, examine

hairs for eggs attached at the base of the

shaft

•

Control – no products registered – must be

safe and avoid fleece residues & staining

•

Advisable to add wetting agents

•

Spinosad (Extinosad® - Elanco) – a jetting

fluid + surfactant at 17 day intervals was

effective in our herd

•

Note – Off label use

•

The active ingredient kills adults and

nymphs but not eggs

32
Q

Neonatal assessment of crias

A
33
Q

Congenital problems

A

Congenital cardiac disease

•

VSD - 60%

•

PDA - 20%

•

Other - 20%

•

(Data from CSU - 4% of animals examined

sonographically)

34
Q

Neonate… suspect?

A
35
Q

Choanal atresia

A
36
Q

Geriatric camelids

A
37
Q

Following up a sick alpaca

A
38
Q

At risk group vit D def

A
39
Q

Vit D levels in Southern Victoria

A
40
Q

Clinical signs of vitamin D deficiency

A
41
Q

Diagnostic approach to limb disorders

A
42
Q

Diagnosis of vit D deficiency

A
43
Q

Exceptions to the rule in vit D deficiency

A
44
Q

Alpaca anaesthesia

A
45
Q

Special considerations in alpaca anaesthesia

A
46
Q

Avoiding aspiration in alpacas

A
47
Q

Intubation techniques in alpacas

A
48
Q

Endoscope guided intubation advantages and disadvantages

A
49
Q

Ideal anaesthesia

A
50
Q

Monitoring anaesthesia

A
51
Q

Recovery from anaesthesia

A
52
Q

Analgesia

A
53
Q

Keeping to fibres away from clipped area

A
54
Q
A

Tooth root abscess

55
Q

Tooth removal

A
56
Q

Laparoscopy

A
57
Q

Lapartomy

A
58
Q

C-section alpacas

A
59
Q
A

Phytobezoar- A phytobezoar is a type of bezoar, or trapped mass in the gastrointestinal system, that consists of components of indigestible plant material

60
Q

Celiotomy

A

vaginal celiotomy incision into the abdominal cavity through the vagina.

61
Q

Orthopaedic disease in alpacas

A
62
Q

Diagnosis?

A
63
Q
A

Practice Tip

•

Always consider the possibility of the

presence of a sequestrum in a young animal

with a single limb lameness

•

The index of suspicion rises if there is a

discharging sinus

•

Take a radiograph and if confirmed perform

surgery – this is a surgical disease!

64
Q

FECs in crias and weaners? What is a nematode of concern?

A
65
Q

Adults and tuis (yearlings) FECs? Nematode of concern?

A

Small Ruminants (5 decks)

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