Allusions and Literary Terms Flashcards
Artful Dodger
From Dickens’s Oliver Twist
Now a name for any skillful crook
Augean stables
Greek mythology
Now refers to anything very difficult to clean up, figuratively or actually
Belling the cat
From an old fable and Piers Plowman
Now someone who has the courage to stick his neck out for his friends despite putting himself at risk
Big Brother is watching you
Orwells 1984
Now refers to any ruler/gov. that tries to dictate, eavesdrop, or gather personal info. on its citizens
Bligh
Nordhoff, Hall, and an actual British Naval Officer involved in mutinees
Now any person who is cruel, unreasonable, and tyrannical
Brahmin
Oliver Wendell Holmes and friends were referred to as this
Now refers to any socially prominent amd intellectually refined individual
Brave New World
From Huxley’s Brave New World
Often used sarcastically or ironically to depict “advances” in society that may lead to humanity’s ruin
Byronic
(After Lord Byron) George Gordon, Lord Byron
Now refers to any person like Byron himself or whose writing includes handsome, sad, brooding, and appealing characters like Byron’s
Catch-22
From Hellers Catch-22
Lose lose situation, lose no matter what side you take
Chesire Cat
From Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland
Now refers to people who grin a lot like the Chesire cat
Damon and Pythias
From Greek legends
Now refers to any close friends
Dantesque
(After Dante)
Now any writing resembling Dante’s epic scope, vivid detail, and allegory
Dickensian
(After Dickens)
Now refers to situations or writings similar to Dicken’s novels showing the poverty, misery, and injustice of Victorian England
Dog in the manger
From an old fable
Now refers to anyone who tries to spoil something for someone else even though it is of no use to the spoiler
Don Juan
From Tellez’s El Burlador de seville and Byrons epic poem Don Juan
Now refers to a man who is a playboy or philander
Dorian Gray
From Wilde’s The picture of Dorian Gray
Refers to anyone who clings to youth and is afraid of aging
Everyman
From the old play Everyman
Referred to and refers to every man, or all men
Faulknerian
(After Faulkner)
Refers to writings, characters, or settings similar to Faulkners, which featured characters driven byhidden forces beyond their control, plots of tragic violence, and set in the south
Faustian
From a body of literature works
A Faustian bargain is one where one sacrifices everything for immediate gratification, but pays later
For whom the bell tolls
From Donne’s Devotions
“No man is an island”, all people share a common fate,“Never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee”
Gatsby
From Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby
Someone who gives in to his own fantasies and obsessions and represents ostentatious and lavish living
Gilded age
From Twain and Warners The Gilded Age
Phrase has come to denote the post-Civil War era.
Heart of darkness
From Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness
Now refers to the dark side of the human soul
Holy Grail
From Arthurian and Christian legends
In current usage signifies any difficult or possibly unattainable quest
Homeric
After Homer
Now refers to anything that is larger than life
Horatio Alger
From Horatio Alger’s stories
Now refers to anyone who makes good after being born into a life of poverty
Kafkaesque
Franze Kafka’s writings
Now refers to any literature or situation similar to characters who are thwarted by red tape and authoritarian bureaucracies
Spithead and Nore
Locations of mutiny
Now allude to mutiny
Lord Nelson
England’s most renowned naval hero
Alludes to heroism, particularly military
Montaigne
Philosopher beliving that man can find truth in the universe despite being victim to customs, prejudice, and self-interest
Alludes to his basic philosophy
Last hurrah
From O’Connor’s novel The Last Hurrah
Has come to stand for the final action of a person before the end of a career
Leviathan
From Book of Job
Today anything that is huge and monstrous
Lilliputtian
From Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels
Now anything that is tiny and can control something larger than itself
Machiavellian
From Machiavelli’s The Prince
Now refers to anyone who is merciless, clever, and unethical to obtain goals
Man for all seasons
After Thomas More
Now is any respected person who stands up for his ideals under pressure
Moby Dick
From Melville’s Moby Dick
Now refers to any monstrous obsession
Munchkin
From Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Now used to describe a physically small person, often affectionately
Noble savage
From Jean Jacques Rousseau’s writings
Refers to an uncultivated person who is really more worthy and sensible than some of his or her ‘civilized’ counterparts
Oedipus Complex
Greek mythology
A child’s powerful erotic attachment to the parent of opposite gender, creating rivalry with that of the same gender
Orwellian
After Orwell
Now refers to anything bleak and oppressive, especially a political situation
Pilgrim’s progress
From Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress
Now anyone who overcomes worldly problems is said to have made a pilgrim’s progress
Platonic love
From Plato’s Symposium
Any strong but non-lover affinity for another is called platonic
Promethean
From Greek mythology
Now refers to a person who is independent, defiant of authority, and willing to make sacrifices for his beliefs
Pygmalion
From Greek mythology
Any story where a mentor takes on a pupil, remakes the person, then falls in love with the resulting creation is compared to the Pygmalion myth
Queeg
From Wouk’s The Caine Mutiny
Has come to denote any petty, incompetent person in a leadership position
Quixotic
From Cervantes’s Don Quixote
Now any one who pursues idealized, impractical goals is called this
Rube Goldberg
Anything that makes a simple task seem complicatedis compared to a Rube Goldberg contraption.
Runyonesque
Dmaon Runyons writings
Now refers to any underworld or even a personable or likeable rogue
Shangri-la
Hilton’s Lost Horizons
Now has come to mean any idyllic place
Shot heard around the world
Emerson’s Concord Hymn
Now refers to any dramatic statement or action that begins something important or greatly influences something later
Silent Spring
Carson’s Silent Spring
Now refers towards any ecological calamity
Socratic method
Socrates/Plato
Refers to the method of Q&A teaching versus lectures
Svengali
DuMaurier’s Trilby
Now anyone who has (or tries to obtain) power over someone else through strength of personality is this
Tabula rasa
Latin “blank slate”
Means that the mind is blank, fresh, unsullied, and ready to be inscribed with knowledge
Tweedledum and Tweedledee
Carroll’s Through the Looking Glass
Now denotes any two things that are difficult to tell apart
Ugly American
From Burdick and Lederer’s The Ugly American
Now describes overbearing American policies or behavior in foreign countries.
Utopia
Thomas More’s Utopia
Utopia is any perfect place, state of being, or government
Walter Mitty
Thurber’s “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty”
Now a person who fantasizes about unrealistic, brave deeds is Mittylike, Mittyish, or a Walter Mitty
Willy Loman
From Miller’s “Death of a Salesman”
Now is any person who is working hard trying to earn a living, but is not being very successful and is therefore a pathetic figure
Armageddon
From Book of Revelation
Now refers to any fierce confrontation resulting in mutual destruction
City on a hill
Book of Matthew
Refers to a place that would be a shining example and a model to others
Daniel in the lion’s den
Old Testament
Now a person who is confronted with difficulties and is encouraged to hold up in the face of adversity or persecution as David did
Ham
Old Testament
Can be used as an allusion to Noah’s descendants bearing the curse of servitude
Elijah and Jezebel
Old Testament
Now refers to any wicked or shameless women
Esther and the king of Persia
Old Testament
Esther and her foster father, Modecai, helped deliver the Jews from persecution by the king of Persia.
Feet of clay
From the Book of Daniel
Now refers to the flaw of an otherwise strong and admirable person
Aristotle
Great Greek philosopher who may rely upon the heart as well as common sense for direction
Queen Bess
Representative of the grandest of all time periods in the modern era—the arets and literature flourished during the Elizabethan Era
Hannibal
Represents a daring plot to wage war against a most formidable enemy, despite his failure, he is remembered for his success in using elephants against Rome
Belial
Satan, satanic, devil—evil is connoted
Pequod
Name usually implies a foreshadowing of doom—extermination, destruction, some kind of complete disaster suggested
Jove
King of all gods, represents the all-powerful, the controller of the universe
Narcissus
Denotes excessive self-love, vanity corrupts
Ahab
Swayed by things negative and sinful, Ahab suggest a dark, evil inclination
Pan
From it came the word panic
Liked to surprise people in the forest and make them panic
John Locke
English philospher
Origin of all knowledge comes from the senses
Immanuel Kant
German philosopher
knowledge is not derived from senses, man should avoid the extremes
Gabriel
Angel of Mercy
Euroclydon
A disastrous wind that stirs the waters violently
Brahmins
Suggests high caste position or highly honored position in society
Vishnu
Usually related to India
The “Preserver”
Andromeda
A princess or person rescued from a “monster”
Benedict Arnold
American representativeof all that a traitor stands for
Morgan le Fay
Arthurian
A deceitful temptress
Perceval
Arthurian
A kind, naïve, and uncouth hero
Lancelot
Arthurian
A near-perfect hero who has a fatal flaw