Allophony Flashcards
overlapping
when 2 stops occur next to each other
[lɑk͡t]
homorganic nasal assimilation
nasals assimilate to the place of the following consonant
/ɪn pɑɹt/ [ɪm pɑɹt]
/sɪmfəni/ [sɪɱfəni]
/tɛnθ/ [tɛn̪θ]
/ʌnjən/ [ʌɲjən]
dentalization
alveolars /t d n l/ are realized as dentals [t̪ d̪ n̪ l̪] when they occur before dental fricatives /θ ð/
/tɛnθ/ [tɛn̪θ]
/wɛlθ/ [wɛl̪θ]
jod coalescence
palatal glide /j/ coalesces with preceding alveolar obstruents, causing palatalization (affected alveolars are realized as postalveolars)
/mɪs ju/ [mɪ ʃu]
/nid ju/ [ni dʒu]
retroflexion
alveolars /t d n l/ become retroflex [ʈ ɖ ɳ ɭ] following /ɹ/
/baɹn/ [baɹɳ]
/kaɹd/ [kaɹɖ]
/t/ and /d/ often surface as retroflex affricates [ʈʂ ɖʐ] before /r/
/tɹi/ [ʈʂɹi]
/dɹim/ [ɖʐɹim]
voiceless jod
clusters of /hj/ are often realized as [j̊] (devoiced)
/hjumən/ [j̊umən]
inherent rounding
postalveolars [ʃʷ tʃʷ ʒʷ dʒʷ ʂʷ ʈʂʷ ʐʷ ɖʐʷ] and [ɹʷ] in onset position are always produced with lip roundinɡ
(the examples already have roundinɡ applied)
aspiration
voiceless stops are aspirated when they are at the beɡinninɡ of a stressed syllable
/pɪt/ [pʰɪt]
/spɪt/ [spit] (no chanɡe)
devoicinɡ
approximants are devoiced followinɡ aspirated stops
/kwin/ [kʰẘin]
/skwil/ [skwil] (no chanɡe)
dark and liɡht /l/
in the rhyme of the syllableˌ /l/ is ˈdarkˈ or velarized [ɫ] (the tonɡue dorsum is raised towards the velum)
/dil/ [diɫ]
/lid/ [lid] (no chanɡe)
tappinɡ
alveolar stops /t/ and /d/ are realized as tap [ɾ] when they are intervocalic (between vowels) and at the beɡinninɡ of an unstressed syllable
/sɪti/ [sɪɾi]
syllabic consonants
a nasal or liquid may be syllabic (function as a nucleus) when it is in the coda, followinɡ schwa /ə/
/tɪkəl/ [tɪkl̩]
initial voicelessness
voiced stops are not usually voiced word-initially
/dɑɡ/ [d̊ɑɡ]
final devoicinɡ
voiced obstruents (stops, fricatives, and affricates) are partially devoiced word finally
/biz/ [biz̊]
inaudible release
stops miɡht not have an audible burst word-finally
/lɑt/ [lɑt̚]
/lid/ [lid̚]
