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I&I > Allergy, hypersentivity and intolerance > Flashcards

Allergy, hypersentivity and intolerance Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types

A

type I-iv

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2
Q

what is type I mediated by

A

Ig-E- immediate

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3
Q

what is type ii mediated by

A

Ig-G- cytotoxic

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4
Q

what is type iii mediated by

A

Ag-Ab complex

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5
Q

what is type iv mediated by

A

cell mediated- delayed

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6
Q

what is atopy

A

production IgE against common environmental allergens

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7
Q

what is the response to allergen being processed in atopy

A

TH2-> IL-4,5 -> IgE and development of mast cells and eosinophils

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8
Q

where can you find mast cells

A

on major surfaces

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9
Q

what mediators are released by mast cells

A

histamine, lipids, cytokines, proteases, proteoglycans

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10
Q

action of the mediators released by mast cells

A

vasodilation, increase capillary permeability, smooth muscle constriction in airways and dilation in blood vessels

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11
Q

what is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic asthma

A

extrinsic- triggered by certain allergens. intrinsic- no allergens identified

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12
Q

precipitating factors

A

perennial (house dust mite, feathers, pets); seasonal (tree, pollen); non specific (cold, exercise)

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13
Q

diagnosis asthma

A

reversible so increase by 15% after bronchodilator (FEV1)

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14
Q

how can you identify allergens in asthma

A

skin prick or blood- RAST, FEIA

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15
Q

how is the response in extrinsic asthma

A

biphasic- immediate (<30 mins), delayed (6-8hours)

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16
Q

how to treat asthma

A

B agonists, steroids, theophyllines

17
Q

what is blocked in rhinitis/ conjunctivitis

A

sinus Ostia/ Eustachian tube

18
Q

what is anaphylaxis

A

systemic mastcell and basophil activation leading to cardio-respiratory collapse

19
Q

what is the term for IgE activated ana

A

anaphylaxis

20
Q

what is the term for non IgE activated ana

A

anaphylactoid

21
Q

signs in anaphylaxis

A

flushing, urticaria, abdo pain, wheeze, angioedema, stridor, cyanosis, decr bp, arrest

22
Q

what blood can be used to confirm anaphylaxis

A

incr serum tryptase

23
Q

treatment anaphylaxis

A

lie flat, legs in air; adrenaline IM 0.6mg; O2 and bronchodilator; IV chlorphenamine and hydrocortisone; IV fluids; cardio-resp support

24
Q

what is desensitisation therapy

A

infection of allergen to induce tolerance for 3-5 years

25
Q

how does the desensitisation therapy work

A

inhibition CD4 T cell recruitment, decr eosinophil activation. induces CD4 +25+ regulatory T cells, more TH1. incr IgG4.

26
Q

what is eczema

A

impaired epithelial barrier

27
Q

where does eczema mainly affect in children and adults

A

children- face. adults- flexures

28
Q

diagnose ezcema

A

RAST and skin prick test

29
Q

what does RAST stand for

A

radioallergosorbent test

I&I (1 decks)

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