Allergy and Immunology Flashcards
opsonization
AB binds to pathogen –> tag for phagocytosis
What cells do B cells differentiate into?
Memory cells
Effector cells = plasma cells
Function of effector cells
produce AB
Function of memory cells
has receptor that recognize pathogens
Function of MHC 2 in phagocytosis
B cell takes in antigen –> present on surface w/MHC2 complex –> mark for phagocytosis and recognized by helper T cells
MHC 1
on all nucleated cells
tag as healthy or not
What do activated helper T cells do?
replicate and differentiate into memory and effector helper T cells
What do effector helper T cells do?
release cytokines
cytotoxic T cell function
recognize MHC1 complexes showing infections –> direct attack or cause bad cell to destroy itself
What cell is attracted to MHC 1 complex and what does it do?
CD4 helper T cells –> activates B cell and release cytokines
What cell is attracted to MHC 2 complex and what does it do?
CD8 cytotoxic T cells –> kill bad cells
What type of immunity are NK cells and what is its function?
innate immunity, FAST
release chemicals/cytokines to destroy cell, against viral infections
pus is formed from
dead neutrophil at site of infection
leukocytosis
high levels of WBC
leukocytopenia
low level of WBC
immunoglobulin associated with allgeric rxns and what does it do?
IgE: activate mast cell –> release histamines, attract eosinophils
immunoglobulin in breast milk
IgA
which immunoglobulin crosses placenta to fetus?
IgG
What immunoglobulin is deficient in celiac disease?
IgA
Function of phagocytes
- engulf and break up pathogen (innate immunity)
2. attach pathogen peptides to MHC2 and attach at surface –> SPECIFIC immunity
What is the effect of innate immune response?
inflammation
DiGeorge Syndrome TRIAD
Absent thumus
Absent parathyroids (hypocalcemia)
Tetralogy of Fallot (cardiac)
DigGeorge Syndrome facial characteristics
abnormal facies
cleft palate
flat nasal bridge
upturned nose
Hyper IgM syndrome lab findings
High IgM 350-1000mg/dl
IgA, IgG very low
neutropenia
Cause of hyper IgM syndrome
CD4 T cell defect in signaling
Lab findings of IgA deficiency
5 mg/dL IgA
“Bubble boy” disorder
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) characteristic
NO T and B cell function
SCID treatment
PCP prophylaxis
IVIg
Stem cell transplant
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Triad
eczema
thrombocytopenia
recurrent infections
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome dysfunction
T cell dysfunction
X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton Syndrome)
no mature B cells in peripheral –> affects AB production
tyrosine kinase deficiency
Deficient IgG/M/A
Who is affected by X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton Syndrome)
boys
What is missing in X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton Syndrome)
NO TONSILS, ADENOIDS, peripheral nodes
In which diseases might Complement testing be most helpful?
diagnose angioedema
Which of the types of WBCs might you expect to see in a patient with allergies?
eosinophils
What specific tests may be used to check B cell function?
quantitative serum immunoglobulins via protein electrophoresis
What specific tests may be used to check T cell function?
TREC analysis
CBCDI
Anergy panels
What types of allergy testing will and will not elicit an immune response in your patient?
RAST/ELISA - wont bc testing serum
Skin prick/patch - will
What types of medications might interfere with results of allergy testing?
H1/H2 anti-histamines
glucocorticoids
What is anergy?
lack of reaction by immune system to antigen (but previously could)
quantitative serum immunoglobulins
electrophoresis patterns shows hallmark of chronic diseases
How long should you wait after receiving blood product to gt vaccine?
3 weeks
How long should you wait after receiving blood product to get vaccine?
3 weeks
what type of vaccine is rotavirus
oral and live
