Allergy Flashcards
Type 1
Anaphylactoid Allergic Reaction
- Immediate Hypersentivity
- IgE mediated
- reaction is on surface of mast cells in lungs,
CVS
-manifestations: sneezing, hay fever, redness
of eyes/ skin, lacrimation, pruritus
Type 2
Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity Reactions
- IgG and IgM + Antibody = affects blood cells
- manifestations: Anemia
bleeding
thrombocytopenia purpura
Hemolytic anemia
Type 3
Immune Complex Allergic Reactions
- IgG + Antibody = complex is deposited in
vascular tissues causing inflammation
-manifestations: serum sickness
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Glomerulonephritis
Type 4
Cell-Mediated Allergic Reactions/
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions
- T-cells + Antibody + complex = skin
inflammation
- manifestations: contact dermatitis
drug hypersensitivity
4 unexpected ADR
Allergic Reaction
Idiosyncratic Reaction
Tolerance or Tachyphylaxis
Drug Dependence
Two types of drug dependence
(a) Physical or Physiologic dependence
-withdrawal symptoms
(b) Psychological dependence
-emotional drive
Ex of drug with their drug dependence effect
Nicotine, Salivation
What to observe when having tachyphylaxis
Drug holiday
Difference of tolerance vs tachyphylaxis
TOLERANCE: decreasing response to a drug due
to repeated exposure to the drug
- increased dose – desired effect
TACHYPHYLAXIS: rapidly developing tolerance to
drug effect
-after 2 or 3 doses, the individual becomes
unresponsive to the drug
-increase the dose – no response
4 idiosyncratic reactions
Extreme hypersensitivity
Extreme hyposensitivity
Unexplained symptoms
Paradoxical effects
Side effect
unwanted drug effects due to the
extension of the pharmacologic effects
- dose-dependent
- may be mild to severe
- some SE are desirable
e.g. N & V, dizziness, HA
Ibuprofen SE
GI irritation/ bleeding
antihistamine: CNS depressants SE
drowsiness
Toxic effect
due to exaggerated
pharmacologic effects of drugs
- administered large single dose;
- small frequent dosing e.g. Colchicine
-effects may be:
(a) immediate/ short term
(b) delayed
Ex of toxic effect
A.
Seizure
GI bleeding
Inflammation
B.
Organ failure
Teratogenic effect
Expected ADR
Side effect
Toxic effect
Types of Responses
- Therapeutic response: expected/ wanted
- Adverse response: unfavorable/ unwanted
Adverse Drug Reaction
Noxious, unwanted drug effects that occur
with usual doses of drugs
• 2 types:
– Expected ADRs: predictable
– Unexpected ADRs: unpredictable
