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PEDIA > Allergy > Flashcards

Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

It is the most common relapsing skin disease in infancy and childhood:

Contact dermatitis
Psoriasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis

A

Atopic dermatitis

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2
Q

Patients with decreased C6 levels are susceptible to:

Neisserial infections
Pneumococcal infections
Meningococcal infections
Pneumo and meningococcal infection

A

Meningococcal infections

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3
Q

Patients with Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia usually can overcome common viral infections
EXCEPT: **

Dengue fever
Varicella zoster
Rotavirus infection
Echovirus infection

A

Echovirus infection

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4
Q

Which of the following is TRUE in the prevention of Food Allergy?

Introduce low-risk complementary
foods altogether
Breastfeed exclusively for 4 months
Probiotic supplements may reduce the
incidence and severity of eczema
Avoid allergenic foods during
pregnancy or nursing

A

Breastfeed exclusively for 4 months

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5
Q

What is the MOST important predisposing factor for a child to develop allergies?

Presence or absence of other allergic
diseases
Positive family history of allergies
Exposure to common allergens
Early onset of allergic disease in the
patient

A

Positive family history of allergies

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6
Q

You examined a patient that you are entertaining for Allergic rhinitis, one of the pertinent physical examination findings is a horizontal skin fold over the bridge of the nose. What do you call this presentation?

Allergic gape
Nasal crease
Allergic salute
Nasal bridge

A

Nasal crease

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6
Q

This is a common complication of Allergic rhinitis that is associated with purulent infection but with negative bacterial cultures despite marked mucosal thickening.
*

Nasal polyposis
Childhood asthma
Chronic sinusitis
Rhinitis medicamentosa

A

Chronic sinusitis

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6
Q

Tiffany, 6 months old infant has been having recurrent rashes that are quite reddish with skin thickening, confined on the neck area and folded areas of the skin. Mother also noted that her baby is fussy attempting to scratch the said affected areas. If you are to categorize the type of Eczema for this case, what will it be?
*

Severe Atopic dermatitis
Mild Atopic dermatitis
Moderate Atopic dermatitis
Clear

A

Moderate Atopic dermatitis

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7
Q

Autosomal recessive inheritance; oculocutaneous albinism, neuropathy, giant neutrophilic cytoplasmic inclusions; malignancy, and neutropenia are features of one of the following phagocytic disorders
*

chronic granulomatous disease
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Hyperimmunoglobulin E (Job syndrome)
Lazy leukocyte syndrome

A

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

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8
Q

This immunodeficiency condition is considered an medical emergency right afterbirth as the neonate will need immune reconstitution to survive.

DiGeorge syndrome
X-linked Agammaglobulinemia
Chronic Granulomatous disease
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorder

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorder

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9
Q

Neonatal seizures secondary to this deficiency is associated with thymic hypoplasia.
*

Hypoglycemia
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypogammaglobulinemia

A

Hypocalcemia

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10
Q

What treatment option for patients with Allergic rhinitis should be considered if children have IgE-mediated allergic symptoms but cannot be adequately controlled by avoidance and medication, especially in the presence of comorbid conditions?
*

Intranasal inhaled corticosteroids
Topical corticosteroids
Allergen-specific immunotherapy
Systemic corticosteroids

A

Allergen-specific immunotherapy

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11
Q

Patrick, a 7 year old child came in for difficulty of breathing, flushing, intense pruritus, dry cough and hoarseness of voice. Symptoms manifested an hour after eating peanuts for snacks. You were entertaining Anaphylaxis secondary to food allergy (peanuts) for this patient. What will be your initial intervention?
*
Give Epinephrine (0.01mg/kg) IM or IV and Oral Antihistamine

Give Oxygen, start IV fluids, give Epinephrine (0.1mg/kg) IM

Give Epinephrine intramuscularly or intravenously (0.01mg/kg), supplemental oxygen and inhaled beta agonists and corticosteroids

Give Epinephrine intramuscularly or intravenously (0.01mg/kg), supplemental oxygen and inhaled beta agonists and corticosteroids, IV fluids

A

Give Epinephrine intramuscularly or intravenously (0.01mg/kg), supplemental oxygen and inhaled
beta agonists and corticosteroids, IV fluids

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12
Q

It is a severe bilateral chronic inflammatory process of the upper tarsal conjunctival surface that occurs in a limbal or palpebral form. There is severe ocular itching exacerbated by exposure to irritants, light or perspiration. This condition is called:
*

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
Contact allergy
Giant papillary conjunctivitis

A

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

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12
Q

Allergic diseases are characterized by peripheral blood and tissue eosinophilia, Of the many roles that Eosinophils play, which mechanism is the one that is responsible for the pathogenesis of Asthma?
*

Induce airway hyperresponsiveness
Causes bronchoconstriction
Damage epithelial cells
Cause degranulation of basophils and mast cells

A

Induce airway hyperresponsiveness

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13
Q

Technique in Allergen testing that utilizes an allergen extract and is injected in to the dermis of the skin:
*

Intradermal technique
Puncture technique
Metacholine test
Dermatographism

A

Intradermal technique

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13
Q

It is the most common hypersensitivity response of the eye:
*

Allergic conjunctivitis
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
Giant papillary conjunctivitis

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

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14
Q

Infants with eczema are predisposed to Atopic march which is comprised of:
*

Food allergy and asthma
Allergic rhinitis and Asthma
Food allergy, Asthma, Allergic rhinitis
Contact dermatitis, Allergic rhinitis and Asthma

A

Food allergy, Asthma, Allergic rhinitis

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15
Q

Agnes an 6 month old infant was brought for consult due to erythematous fine rashes confined on the cheek area, neck area, arm pit, folded areas of the arms and legs. She was also noted to be slightly irritable This was noted a day after she was introduced with pureed brocolli as her complementary feeding. You managed this as a case of Mild Atopic Dermatitis, management for this patient will be by giving:
*

Application of emolients and Fluticasone propionate ointment

Daily bath with cold water, use of moisturizers and application of Desonide cream afterwards

Daily bath with lukewarm water, use of moisturizers as occlusive emolient and application with Hydrocortisone cream afterwards

Daily bath with lukewarm water and use of moisturizers afterwards. Application of Betamethasone ointment as the anti-inflammatory treatment.

A

Daily bath with lukewarm water and use of moisturizers afterwards. Application of Betamethasone ointment as the anti-inflammatory treatment.

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16
Q

Immunodeficiency disorders involving a T-cell defect will have increased susceptibility to what type of infectious agents?

Gr. (+) organisms
Pyogenic organisms
Catalase (+) organisms
Gm. (-) organisms, mycobacterium, viruses

A

Gm. (-) organisms, mycobacterium,
viruses

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17
Q

Patients with XLA usually starts having recurrent infections at this age?

Birth
6 months
2 years old
3 years old

A

6 months

18
Q

Stephen, a 4 year old child came in for difficulty of breathing associated with cough and colds of 2 days. He was noted also to be tachycardic (HR 110bpm),tachypneic (RR 40 cpm) with desaturations (O2sat 90%), O2 inhalation via nasal cannula was provided which improved 2 saturations to 92%. He prefers to sit and is able to talk in phrases when asked how he was. Other pertinent PE findings revealed: alar flaring, tight air entry, wheezes both lung fields on auscultation, subcostal and intercostal retractions. How would you categorize this patient based on Severity of Asthma exacerbation?

Bronchial asthma in mild excacerbation
Bronchial asthma, respiratory arrest imminent
Bronchial asthma in moderate exacerbation
Bronchial asthma in severe exacerbation

A

Bronchial asthma in moderate
exacerbation

19
Q

One of the following is NOT a clinical features of Ataxia Telangiectasia

Cerebral ataxia
Ocular telangiectasia
Chronic otitis media
High incidence of Adenocarcinoma

A

Chronic otitis media

20
Q

A 2 week old managed as sepsis neonatorum with oral candiadisis, with absent tonsils and with markedly decresaed lymphocytes will give you an initial diagnosis of:
*

Common variable deficiency
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Leukocyte adhesion defects
Chronic Granulomatous disease

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency

21
Q

One of the closest differential diagnosis for infant patients presenting with colds, cough and wheezing that is often interpreted as bronchial asthma?
*

Foreign body aspiration
Viral bronchiolitis
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Pediatric community acquired pneumonia

A

Viral bronchiolitis

22
Q

One of the current goals of treatment in the latest Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines is to promote safe, effective prevention and relief of symptoms. Which of the following specific measure is a very helpful method to reduce the symptoms of allergic disease:

Allow pets at home
Bed linens and blankets washed 3 times a week
Keep windows open to facilitate exit of pollens and dust
Allergen proof encasings

A

Allergen proof encasings

23
Q

This feature is found in 60% of allergic patients and is described as blue-gray to purple discolorations beneath the child’s lower eyelids.
*

Allergic duck
Allergic conjunctivitis
Allergic shiners
Dennie lines

A

Allergic shiners

23
Q

Light microscopy of neutrophils for the presence of giant granules can help to diagnose

chronic granulomatous disease
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
hyperimmunoglobulin E (Job syndrome)
lazy leukocyte syndrome

A

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

24
Q

Failure to thrive, diarrhea, malabsorption, and infections with opportunisticinfections (i.e., fungi, Candida sp, Pneumocystis jiroveci [carinii]) suggest…

B-cell defects
omplement defects
T-cell defects
neutrophil defects

A

T-cell defects

24
Q

Patients with decreased C6 levels are susceptible to:
*

Neisserial infections
Pneumococcal infections
Meningococcal infections
Pneumo and meningococcal infections

A

Meningococcal infections

25
Q

This proposes that childhood exposure to germs and certain infections helps the immune system develop. This teaches the body to differentiate harmless substances from the harmful substances that trigger asthma. In theory, exposure to certain germs teaches the immune system not to overreact.
*

Immune enhancement hypothesis
Atopic hypothesis
Autoimmune hypothesis
Hygiene hypothesis

A

Hygiene hypothesis

25
Q

It is the cornerstone of anti-inflammatory treatment for acute exacerbations of AD:
*

Moisturizers
Emollients
Topical corticosteroids
Ointments

A

Topical corticosteroids

25
Q

Dane, a 3 year old child came in for consult due to cough and colds associated with sneezing and nasal congestion more prominent at night, no febrile episodes noted, patient is not tachypneic. Condition started around 4 days prior to consult, and according to the mother she usually wakes up at night because of her nasal congestion. Based on her symptoms which ARIA classification does the patient belong?
*

Moderate to severe persistent
Mild persistent
Mild intermittent
Moderate to severe intermittent

A

Moderate to severe persistent

26
Q

What is considered as a primary treatment for Ocular allergies?
*

Topical tacrolimus or topical cyclosporine
Topical decongestants
Oral or topical antihistamines
Avoidance of allergens, cold compresses and lubrication

A

Avoidance of allergens, cold compresses and lubrication

26
Q

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction. The etiology behind asthma is said to be:

A combination of environmental and genetic factors in early life shape how the immune system develops and responds to environmental exposures

Caused by exposure to indoor allergens such as house dust mites, animal danders, mice and cockroaches

Always associated in the presence of having Allergic rhinitis

Associated with environmental factors such as living in rural areas and strongly linked to female gender

A

A combination of environmental and genetic factors in early life shape how the immune system
develops and responds to environmental exposures

27
Q

DiGeorge syndrome, also known as velocardiofacial syndrome or CATCH 22syndrome. One of the following IS NOT a feature of this syndrome

cardiac anomalies
abnormal facies
thymic hypoplasia
cleft lip
hypocalcemia

A

cleft lip

28
Q

Abigail, a 6 months old infant presented with intense itching on the face and neck more prominent at night time, no other associated symptoms were noted. Upon physical examinations, lesions were red, scaly, patchy like formation distributed on the cheek and neck area. You were entertaining Atopic dermatitis; to further strengthen your initial impression, what are the 3 major features that must be present for the said condition?
*

Eczematous dermatitis that fits the typical pattern of skin inflammation; Positive family history of asthma; Immediate skin test reactivity

Pruritus; Eczematous dermatitis that fits the typical pattern of skin inflammation; Chronic or chronically relapsing course

Family history of asthma, Chronic or chronically relapsing course; Pruritus

Pruritus; Positive family history of asthma, Chronic or chronically relapsing course

A

Pruritus; Eczematous dermatitis that fits the typical pattern of skin inflammation; Chronic or chronically relapsing course

29
Q

Among the Early Childhood Risk Factors for developing Asthma, which is considered a major risk factor?
*

Food allergy
Formula feeding
Male gender
Parental asthma

A

Parental asthma

30
Q

This is one of the key elements of Allergic diseases which are likely involved inthe induction of Asthma, Allergic rhinitis, Eosinophilic esophagitis and Atopicdermatitis?
*

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC) 2
T-Helper cells
Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)

A

Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC) 2

30
Q

Immunodeficiency disorders involving the cellular immunity usually occurs at this age:
*

2-6 months
6-9 months
9-12 months
2 years old

A

2-6 months

31
Q

A 15-month-old male child presented with thrombocytopenic purpura, atopic dermatitis, and recurrent infections caused by cytomegalovirus and P.jiroveci. Immunoglobulin assay revealed elevated IgE and IgA with decreased IgM levels. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
*

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Hyper Ig E syndrome
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Lazy Lekocyte Syndrome

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

31
Q

Emmanuel, 12 year old child is diagnosed for Allergic Rhinitis classified asModerate-Severe Persistent disease. Based on this classification what treatmentis BEST for the patient?
*

Oral antihistmaine + Leukotriene modifying agents

Oral antihistamine alone

Intranasal antihistamine + Intranasal Inhaled Corticosteroids

Intranasal antihistamine + Sympathomimetic + Intranasal Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

Intranasal antihistamine + Intranasal Inhaled Corticosteroids

32
Q

You examined a patient that you are entertaining for Allergic rhinitis, one of the pertinent physical examination findings is a horizontal skin fold over the bridge of the nose. What do you call this presentation?
*

Nasal bridge
Nasal crease
Allergic gape
Allergic salute

A

Nasal crease

32
Q

Findings of pneumatocoeles, typical facies, “cold abscesses” will give you an impression of this deficiency.
*

DiGeorge Syndrome
Hyper IgE Syndrome
Selective Ig A deficiency
Wisckott Aldrich Syndrome

A

Hyper IgE Syndrome

32
Q

Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) is a less sensitive and reliable diagnostic method than spirometry to detect airflow obstruction. It is diagnostic for bronchial asthma if there is diurnal variation of PEF:
*

> 30%
≥20%
20%
≥30%

A

> 20%

33
Q

This type of vaccine will cause paralysis in patients 6-9 months old with absent tonsils and nonpalpable lymph nodes.
*

Polio
Tetanus
Varicella
Measles

A

Polio

34
Q

A 5-month-old infant presented with reluctance to feed, lethargy, abdominaldistension, and severe gingivitis. The parents are healthy relatives and gavehistory of non-purulent omphalitis with separation of umbilical stump at the ageof 2 months. His peripheral smear showed neutrophil count 24,000/mm3.Of thefollowing, the MOST likely diagnosis is:
*

Lazy leukocyte syndrome
Hyperimmunoglobulin E (Job syndrome)
Chronic granulomatous disease
Chediak-Higashi syndrome

A

Lazy leukocyte syndrome

35
Q

Majority of immunodeficiency disorders in the pediatric population involve thisarm in the immune system.

Humoral
Cellular
Phagocytic
Complement

A

Humoral?

36
Q

Patients with decreased C2 levels are susceptible to :
*

Neisserial infections
Pneumococcal infections
Meningococcal infections
Pneumo and meningococcal infections

A

Pneumococcal infections

37
Q

This kind of physical urticaria results to localized pruritus, erythema andurticaria/angioedema after exposure to a cold stimulus:

Aquagenic urticaria
Cold urticaria
Solar urticaria
Cholinergic urticaria

A

Cold urticaria

38
Q

Delayed separation of umbilical cord, absence of pus at site (s) of infection, and
poor wound healing suggest *

B-cell defects
complement defects
T-cell defects
neutrophil defects

A

neutrophil defects

39
Q

It is a complication of Atopic dermatitis that presents with itching, burning,
tearing and copious mucoid discharge; It involves the eyes and is usually bilateral
with Tantras dots or Giant papillae may be present, this is a case of: *

Allergic conjunctivitis
Exfoliative dermatitis
Keratoconus
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis

A

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis

PEDIA (4 decks)

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