ALLERGOLOGY Flashcards
It is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and itching, often accompanied by sneezing and conjunctival irritation.
Allergic Rhinitis
The best method to detect allergen-specific IgE
Epicutaneous Skin Tests
A type of Hypersensitivity that triggered by allergens auch as pollen, food and drugs
Anaphylactic Immediate Late Response/ Type I
A type of Hypersensitivity that is mediated by the complement system
Cytotoxic Antibody/Type II
A type of hypersensitivity that appears 1 to 3 weeks after exposure
Immune Complex / Type III
In this type of hypersensitivity, mediators triggered are mostly cytokines
Delayed Type / Type IV
It is a chronic condition involving an abnormal reaction to an allergen.
Allergy
It is an Ig-E Mediated Response which occurs within minutes and resolves in 1 to 3 hours obseeved to have symptoms such as itching, sneezing, wheezing and abdominal cramps.
Early-phase response
It is an Ig-E Mediated Response which occurs within minutes and resolves in 1 to 3 hours obseeved to have symptoms such as itching, sneezing, wheezing and abdominal cramps.
Early-phase response
It is an Ig-E mediated response that presents as edema, redness, warmth, induration of the skin usually due to the infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils.
Late-phase response
In this Ig-E mediated response, there is already tissue remodeling and is due to repeared stimulation of allergic effectors cells and contributes to unresolved inflammatory changes.
Chronic allergic disease
It ia a chronic inflammatory condition of the lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness.
Asthma
It is the most common chronic relapsing skin disease seen infancy and childhood.
Atopic Dermatitis or Eczema
True or false. Eczema is a genetic disorder that results in defective skin barrier, reduced skin innate immune response and exaggerated T-Cell responses to allergens and microbes.
True
In this AD, there is marked intercellular edemabof the epidermis
Acute AD (Spongiosis)
In this AD, there is hyperplastic epidermis with hyperkeratosis.
Chronic AD
Hallmark of Atopic Dermatitis
Severe Dry Skin
Severity of AD: there is dry skin as well as infrequent itching
Mild AD
Severity of AD: there is dry skin and frequent itching
Moderate AD
Severity of AD: dry skin plus redness, with incessant itching
Severe AD
AD in infants involves which parts of the body:
Face, scalp, and extensor surfaces of extremities
AD in older children are localized in which parts of the body?
Flexural folds of the extremities
This is the cornerstone treatment for acute exacerbations of AD.
Topical corticosteroids
These arw considered as first line of therapy for AD:
Moisturizers
True or False: Cold baths for 15 to 20 mins followed by application of moisturizers is one of the management for AD
False. Lukewarm soaking baths.
It is an adverse physiologic response basedbon functional properties of food.
Food Intolerance
This condition manifests early in infancy usually prpvoked by cow’s milk or soy protein-based formulas and manifests as irritability, vomiting and diarrhea.
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES)
This is a condition of adverse reaction to food wherein infants have bloody stools but other parameters are unremarkable or the infant seems to be healthy.
Food Protein-Induced Proctocolitis
In this condition, there is adverse reaction to cow’s milk noted with symptoms such as diarrhea, failure to thrive, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, edema.
Food Protein-Induced Enteropathy
This is a transient condition wherein there is pruritus, erythematous raised wheals or flat tips and edema that may become tense and painful. Lesions blaches with pressure and usually lasts in about a few minutes to 3 hours.
Urticaria (Hives)
In this condition, there is edema involving the deeper subcutaneous tissues which is rather painful than pruritic with slower resolution of upbto 3 days.
Angioedema
A type of urticaria wherein there are small punctate wheals surrounded by prominent erythematous flare associated with exercise, hot showers and sweating.
Cholinergic Urticaria
It is a serious systemic allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and is a life-threatening condition.
Anaphylaxis
The most common cause of anaphylaxis in children in hospital settings are:
Medications and latex
True or False. The pathologic features of anaphylaxis are: acute pulmonary infiltration, pulmonary edema, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, visceral congestion, laryngeal edema and urticaria or angioedema.
True
This mechanism can be characterized by somewhat anaphylactic like symptoms but is not caused by Ig-E mediated reactions.
Anaphylactoid Reactions (Clinical Anaphylaxis)
Criteria for Anaphylaxis:
Acute Onset
Skin or Mucosal Involvement
Respiratory Compromise
S and Sx of Shock or End-Organ Dysfunction
First line of treatment for Anaphylaxis:
Epinephrine 0.01mg/kg (1:1000) IM
These drugs used in anaphylaxis can potentially relieve protracted symptoms and prevent biphasic anaphylaxis.
Corticosteroids
True or False. Patients with anaphylaxis are usually observed overnight.
False. At least 4H prior diacharge to ER.
