ALLERGOLOGY

Question 1

It is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and itching, often accompanied by sneezing and conjunctival irritation.

Answer 1

Allergic Rhinitis

Question 2

The best method to detect allergen-specific IgE

Answer 2

Epicutaneous Skin Tests

Question 3

A type of Hypersensitivity that triggered by allergens auch as pollen, food and drugs

Answer 3

Anaphylactic Immediate Late Response/ Type I

Question 4

A type of Hypersensitivity that is mediated by the complement system

Answer 4

Cytotoxic Antibody/Type II

Question 5

A type of hypersensitivity that appears 1 to 3 weeks after exposure

Answer 5

Immune Complex / Type III

Question 6

In this type of hypersensitivity, mediators triggered are mostly cytokines

Answer 6

Delayed Type / Type IV

Question 7

It is a chronic condition involving an abnormal reaction to an allergen.

Answer 7

Allergy

Question 8

It is an Ig-E Mediated Response which occurs within minutes and resolves in 1 to 3 hours obseeved to have symptoms such as itching, sneezing, wheezing and abdominal cramps.

Answer 8

Early-phase response

Question 9

It is an Ig-E Mediated Response which occurs within minutes and resolves in 1 to 3 hours obseeved to have symptoms such as itching, sneezing, wheezing and abdominal cramps.

Answer 9

Early-phase response

Question 10

It is an Ig-E mediated response that presents as edema, redness, warmth, induration of the skin usually due to the infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils.

Answer 10

Late-phase response

Question 11

In this Ig-E mediated response, there is already tissue remodeling and is due to repeared stimulation of allergic effectors cells and contributes to unresolved inflammatory changes.

Answer 11

Chronic allergic disease

Question 12

It ia a chronic inflammatory condition of the lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness.

Answer 12

Asthma

Question 13

It is the most common chronic relapsing skin disease seen infancy and childhood.

Answer 13

Atopic Dermatitis or Eczema

Question 14

True or false. Eczema is a genetic disorder that results in defective skin barrier, reduced skin innate immune response and exaggerated T-Cell responses to allergens and microbes.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

In this AD, there is marked intercellular edemabof the epidermis

Answer 15

Acute AD (Spongiosis)

Question 16

In this AD, there is hyperplastic epidermis with hyperkeratosis.

Answer 16

Chronic AD

Question 17

Hallmark of Atopic Dermatitis

Answer 17

Severe Dry Skin

Question 18

Severity of AD: there is dry skin as well as infrequent itching

Answer 18

Mild AD

Question 19

Severity of AD: there is dry skin and frequent itching

Answer 19

Moderate AD

Question 20

Severity of AD: dry skin plus redness, with incessant itching

Answer 20

Severe AD

Question 21

AD in infants involves which parts of the body:

Answer 21

Face, scalp, and extensor surfaces of extremities

Question 22

AD in older children are localized in which parts of the body?

Answer 22

Flexural folds of the extremities

Question 23

This is the cornerstone treatment for acute exacerbations of AD.

Answer 23

Topical corticosteroids

Question 24

These arw considered as first line of therapy for AD:

Answer 24

Moisturizers

Question 25

True or False: Cold baths for 15 to 20 mins followed by application of moisturizers is one of the management for AD

Answer 25

False. Lukewarm soaking baths.

Question 26

It is an adverse physiologic response basedbon functional properties of food.

Answer 26

Food Intolerance

Question 27

This condition manifests early in infancy usually prpvoked by cow’s milk or soy protein-based formulas and manifests as irritability, vomiting and diarrhea.

Answer 27

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES)

Question 28

This is a condition of adverse reaction to food wherein infants have bloody stools but other parameters are unremarkable or the infant seems to be healthy.

Answer 28

Food Protein-Induced Proctocolitis

Question 29

In this condition, there is adverse reaction to cow’s milk noted with symptoms such as diarrhea, failure to thrive, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, edema.

Answer 29

Food Protein-Induced Enteropathy

Question 30

This is a transient condition wherein there is pruritus, erythematous raised wheals or flat tips and edema that may become tense and painful. Lesions blaches with pressure and usually lasts in about a few minutes to 3 hours.

Answer 30

Urticaria (Hives)

Question 31

In this condition, there is edema involving the deeper subcutaneous tissues which is rather painful than pruritic with slower resolution of upbto 3 days.

Answer 31

Angioedema

Question 32

A type of urticaria wherein there are small punctate wheals surrounded by prominent erythematous flare associated with exercise, hot showers and sweating.

Answer 32

Cholinergic Urticaria

Question 33

It is a serious systemic allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and is a life-threatening condition.

Answer 33

Anaphylaxis

Question 34

The most common cause of anaphylaxis in children in hospital settings are:

Answer 34

Medications and latex

Question 35

True or False. The pathologic features of anaphylaxis are: acute pulmonary infiltration, pulmonary edema, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, visceral congestion, laryngeal edema and urticaria or angioedema.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

This mechanism can be characterized by somewhat anaphylactic like symptoms but is not caused by Ig-E mediated reactions.

Answer 36

Anaphylactoid Reactions (Clinical Anaphylaxis)

Question 37

Criteria for Anaphylaxis:

Answer 37

Acute Onset
Skin or Mucosal Involvement
Respiratory Compromise
S and Sx of Shock or End-Organ Dysfunction

Question 38

First line of treatment for Anaphylaxis:

Answer 38

Epinephrine 0.01mg/kg (1:1000) IM

Question 39

These drugs used in anaphylaxis can potentially relieve protracted symptoms and prevent biphasic anaphylaxis.

Answer 39

Corticosteroids

Question 40

True or False. Patients with anaphylaxis are usually observed overnight.

Answer 40

False. At least 4H prior diacharge to ER.