Allergies And Anaphylaxis

Question 1

What formulations are used in allergies?

Answer 1

Oral, topical, nasal, eye drops

Question 2

1st Gens - Alimemazine and Promethazine are 1st generations that are more sedating than ….

Answer 2

Alimemazine and promethazine more sedating than chlorohenamine and cyclizine

Question 3

2nd gen - less sedating including Acrivastine,

Answer 3

Acrivastine, cetizirine, desloratidine, loratidine, fexofendine

Question 4

What can be used in nausea and vomitting??? (3) and occasional insomnia??

Answer 4

-nausea and vomiting:cinnarizine, cyclizine and promethazine

• occasional insomnia - 1st gen

Question 5

Immunotherapy - for rhinoconjuctivitis - allergen vaccine - uses what?

Answer 5

Using allergen vaccines can reduce symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinoconjuctivitis
- can contain house dust mite,animal dander or pollen

Question 6

Vaccines contains - against anaphylaxis can contain?

Answer 6

Bee/wasp venom extract reduces risks of severe anaphylaxis

Question 7

Buclizine - is found in…

Answer 7

Migraleve

Question 8

Buccastem M

Answer 8

PROCHLORPERAZINE

Question 9

Omalizumab - provides extra help for patients that can not be adequately controlled by what?mWhat is th E major side effect

Answer 9

Monoclonal antibody that binds to immuniglobin E IgE
- additional therapy in proven igE - mediated sensitivity when persistent allergic asthma cannot be controlled adequately with ICS and LABA
- Side effects -churn Strauss syndrome and hypersensitivity reaction

Question 10

Anaphylaxis is a severe what reaction? How does it develop in terms of speed? Rapidity developing problems in which organs - usually caused by which allergens?

Answer 10

Severe life threatening hypersensitivity reaction - rapidly developing airway/circulation problems - usually caused by an allergen (food, drugs, venom and latex)

Question 11

Anaphylaxis steps

Answer 11

• use auto injector immediatelyy - IM Adrenaline/epinephrine
  -immediately call 999 and state anaphylaxis - administer CPR If needed
• lie down and raise patients legs
• remove trigger causing anaphylaxis reaction if possible
• repeat after a 5 min interval if there is no improvement in the patients condition

Question 12

High flow oxygen should be given when? What other things like IV Fluids? What can they prevent? Following stabilisation of the pataient a non sedating anti histamine like what can be given?

Answer 12

• high flow oxygen should be given as soon as it is possible
• iv fluids ashould be given to patients with hypotension/shock
• following stabilisation of the patient, a non sedating oral anti histamine such as cetirirzine hydrochloride

Question 13

Remember that when oral administration which antihistamine can we give intramuscularly? What can be inhaled?? With what else for patients with persisting resp problems

Answer 13

If oral administration is not possible , if or intramuscular if cholorophenamine maleate can be given
- inhaled bronchodilator therapy with salbutamol and or ipratropium bromide may also be considered for patients with persisting respiratory problems

Question 14

MHRA - 2 autoinjectors should be prescribed and carried at all times what are the strengths
- up to 6months?
Child 6 months - 5years -
6-11
Over 12?

Answer 14

Child up to 6 months - 100-150mcg
Child 6months-5 years = 150mcg
Child 6-11 years = 300mcg
Over 12 years = 500mcg