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OTC > Allergies and Allergic Conjuntivitis > Flashcards

Allergies and Allergic Conjuntivitis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three non-sedating antihistamines?

A

loratidine, fexofenadine, and cetirizine

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2
Q

what are the 6 sedating antihistamines?

A

Brompheniramine, Doxylamine, Pheniramine, Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, and Clemastine

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3
Q

which group of drugs competes with histamine at central and peripheral histamine1-receptor sites; prevent mediator release. Block cholinergic receptors.

A

sedating antihistamines

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4
Q

which group of drugs selectively blocks peripheral histamine1- receptor sites/activity; prevent mediator release.
Inhibit the release of mast cell mediators and may decrease cellular recruitment.

A

non-sedating antihistamines

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5
Q

can the non-sedating antihistamines cross the BBB?

A

no

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6
Q

what drug is a mast cell stabilizer?

A

Cromolyn

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7
Q

which group of drugs has an exact MOA that is unknown.
Stabilizes mast cells, preventing mediator release by protecting mast cells from immune-mediated and non-immune-mediated triggers.

A

mast cell stabilizer-cromolyn

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8
Q

what are the OTC decongestants used for allergic rhinitis?

A

pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

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9
Q

how long does it take for the sedating antihistamines to begin working?

A

within 1.5-3 hours

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10
Q

how long does it take for the sedating non-antihistamines to begin working?

A

1-3 hours

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11
Q

do the sedating or non-sedating antihistamines have a better max benefit after several days?

A

sedating

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12
Q

SLUDGE stands for what?

A

Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, and Emesis

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13
Q

what are the big side effects of the sedating antihistamines (other than sedation)?

A

anti-cholinergic effects (anti-SLUDGE) Dry eyes, nose, mouth, vagina; blurred vision, urinary hesitancy or retention; constipation; tachycardia

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14
Q

which class of drugs causes photo-sensitivity?

A

sedating antihistamines

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15
Q

which class of drugs causes paradoxical CNS stimulation?

A

sedating antihistamines

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16
Q

are the sedating antihistamines contraindicated in newborns and premies?

A

yes

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17
Q

can lactating women take sedating antihistamines?

A

no

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18
Q

Loratadine/PSE 12- and 24-hr SR are contraindicated in what disorders?

A

esophageal disorders

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19
Q

define somnolence

A

the state of being sleeping, feeling drowsy, ready to fall asleep

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20
Q

what is an advantage in terms of side effects of the non-sedating antihistamines (other than less sedation)?

A

less anti-SLUDGE effects

21
Q

what are three types of drugs that the sedating anti-histamines are contraindicated to be used with?

A

CNS depressants, MAOI’s, and other drugs with anticholinergic effects

22
Q

what is considered the first line Tx for allergic rhinitis and why?

A

the non-sedating antihistamines b/c of less side-effects and effectiveness

23
Q

which one of the non-sedating antihistamines is associated with more sedation side effects than the others?

A

cetirizine

24
Q

the non-sedating antihistamines have drug interactions what two drugs?

A

ketoconazole and erythromycon

25
Q

what drug causes an interaction with loratadine to increase loratadine’s plasma concentration?

A

cimetidine

26
Q

how long does it take for cromolyn to start working?

A

3-7 days for initial, 2-4 weeks for max

27
Q

side effects of cromolyn?

A

sneezing, nasal stinging and brungin

28
Q

what drug interactions are there with cromolyn?

A

none

29
Q

how does a PT need to be to use cromolyn?

A

5 or older

30
Q

what is the first line Tx for allergic rhinits in pregnant women?

A

cromolyn

31
Q

what drug class has a MOA that stimulates α-adrenergic receptors to constrict blood vessels, decrease sinusoid vessel engorgement, and mucosal edema?

A

decongestants

32
Q

when do decongestants start working?

A

0.5-2 hours

33
Q

what is rhinitis medicamentosa?

A

rebound congestion

34
Q

when does medicamentosa occur?

A

if a decongestant is used loner than 3-5 days

35
Q

what is the 2 major side-effects of decongestants?

A

CV and CNS stimulation

36
Q

what drug class may worsen HTN, hyperthyroidism, DM, coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, elevated intraocular pressure, BPH?

A

decongestants

37
Q

what drug class are decongestants contraindicated with?

A

MAOI’s

38
Q

MAOI’s, methyldopa, and TCA’s can cause increased BP with what drug class?

A

decongestants

39
Q

what are the two corticosteroids that can be used for OTC allergic rhinitis?

A

triamcinolone and fluticasone

40
Q 
what drug class has the MOA that Suppresses immune system by reducing activity and volume of the lymphatic system. It also
inhibits multiple cell types and mediators, including histamine, and effectively stop the “allergic cascade.”
A

nasal corticosteroids

41
Q

which nasal corticosteroid also has anti-inflammatory properties?

A

fluticasone

42
Q

what nasal spray is indicated for both nasal and eye-related allergy symptoms?

A

fluticasone

43
Q

what are the 2 OTC ophthalmic antihistamines?

A

pheniramine and antazoline

44
Q

what is the only ophthalmic antihistamine that is also a mast cell stabilizer?

A

ketotifen fumurate

45
Q

what 4 drugs can be used as OTC ophthalmic decongestants?

A

Phenylephrine
Naphazoline
Tetrahydrozoline
Oxymetazoline

46
Q

what ophthalmic drug classes are contraindicated with angle-closure glaucoma?

A

all of them

47
Q

what is the first line pharm Tx for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

ketotifen fumurate

48
Q

what age does a PT need to be to use ketotifen fumurate?

A

3 years or older

OTC (3 decks)

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