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Dermatology > Allergic dermatoses > Flashcards

Allergic dermatoses Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q 
Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
Definition
A

Inflammatory and PRURITIC skin disease with strong genetic predispositions.

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2
Q

Animals with AD tend to develop ___ - mediated response against _____.

A

Develop IgE mediated response against environmental allergens.

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3
Q

pathophys of the pruritis of AD

A

absorption of allergen (skin) -> langerhans cells present to TH cells -> dorsal root ganglion - > brain -> meanwhile immune cells are communicating with each other and are increasing inflammation.

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4
Q

patients with AD have mutation in the ____ gene

A

filaggrin

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5
Q

Barrier function

dogs with AD have decreased barrier function d/t decreased ___ in between epithelial cells -

A

ceramides

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6
Q

important cytokine that can be targeted with treatment of AD

A

IL31 ***

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7
Q

clinical features of AD

A

1-3 yo
seasonal pruritis
ventrum, face, feet, perianal area
signs of inflammation (what are they)

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8
Q

Treatment options for AD

A 
SYMPTOMATIC
- antihistamines
- GCs (ORAL! short acting; don't use long acting injeectable)
* Temaril P = antihistamine + pred
- omega 3 FAs
- topical, bathing
SPECIFIC
- allergen-specific desensitization therapy
- cyclosporine (Atopica)
- Oclacitinib (Apoquel)
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9
Q

What is a side effect in dogs secondary to too much steroids? (aka bad news)

A

Calcinosis cutis - disrupts skin, plus you’re suppressing immune system, increased risk of 2’ bacterial infections

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10
Q

Why are free fatty acids helpful for AD?

A

helps to restore the integrity of the skin. Incorporate into your long-tern treatment.

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11
Q

Most ‘allergy shampoos’ contain ____

A

hydrocortisone

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12
Q

Potent topical steroids should be managed like ____.

A

systemic steroids; because they cant disrupt the skin! make sure to follow label directions.

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13
Q

The goal of allergy immunization is to ___

A

desensitize the patient to allergens

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14
Q

___ is the gold standard for AD testing

A

intradermal testing

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15
Q

Which drugs can interfere with intradermal allergen test results?

A

antihistamines

corticosteroids

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16
Q

Allergy immunotherapy targets ___ and __ cells (theoretically

A

T helper & mast cells

17
Q

Allergy drops are administered to the animal ___

A

under the tongue, every day

18
Q

Animals that failed to respond to allergy ____ tend to respond to allergy ___

A

shots; drops

19
Q

cyclosporine (atopica) reduces pruritis by ___

A

blocking calcineurin -> block transcription of inflammatory mediators

20
Q

cyclosporine is metabolixed by ____

A

CYP450

21
Q

Do not give apoquel to patients under ____ age

A

12 mos

22
Q

Apoquel is a ___ inhibitor

A

JAK 1 & 2. Provides anti-pruritic and immune-modulatory drug

23
Q

Mechanism of action of cytopoint is ___

A

Anti-IL 31 monoclonal antibody. IL 31 is a major player in pruritis

24
Q

Food allergies (cutaneous adverse food reactions) are mediated by what immunologic reactions?

A 
IgE mediated (type I and type III) 
Type IV
25
Q

Mechanisms of defense of the gut

A 
IgA 
paneth cells (secrete antimicrobial peptides)
epithelial tight junctions
m cells
lymph nodes
26
Q

dermatologic sites affected by food allergies

A

eyes, mouth, distal limbs, ventrum, bum.

27
Q

key distinguishing factor between AD (environmental allergies) and food allergies

A

seasonal vs. non seasonal! (usually)

28
Q

food allergy dogs commonly present with

A

otitis recurrent pyodermas, GI.

uncommonly, can see vasculitis, urticaria, erythema multiforme (target skin lesions)

29
Q

blood allergy test [are/are not] reliable for food allergy?

A

NOT

30
Q

diagnosis of food allergies

A

elimination diet trial, provocative exposure

31
Q

Treatment of food allergy

A

change the diet
avoid treats, flavored drugs/supplemented
treat the pruritis (initially) GCs, apoquel, cytopoint. have to take off after a while to see if your diet is working

32
Q

Mechanism by which hydrolyzed diets work

A

the peptide bonds of large proteins so that they become <10KDaltons -> don’t activate IgE on mast cells

33
Q

grain- free, organic foods [are/are not] good for treating food allergies

A

NOT. often have cross-contamination in manufacturing process

34
Q

treatment for food allergies

A 
pyoderma
- abx
otitis
- otomax
- miconazole
- osurnia
pruritis
- cytopoint
- temaril p 
- aproquel
food trial
- Dr. mel has success with rabbit
sweet potato
apple

Dermatology (5 decks)

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