Alle Flashcards
Definition SCM
- Consists of all parties involved directly or indirectly in fulfilling a customer request.
- Includes the flow of products, funds, and information
Supply vs. demand-driven supply chains
- Supply-driven supply chains
- Maximise value creation by observing availability of resources
- Example: Production of sugar is based on the crop available
- Demand-driven supply chains
- Maximise value creation by observing expected demand
- Example: Design of clothes is based on demand forecasts or expected trends
Supply Chain Cycles
Strategic Fit
-
For a strategic fit, competitive and supply chain strategies need to have aligned goals → the SC therefore needs to be adjusted to meet the customer needs and to allow the firm to execute the competitive strategy
- Understanding supply chain capabilities
- Understanding the Customer and supply chain uncertainty
- Achieving strategic fit
Supply-Chain Drivers
Logistical:
- Facilities
- Inventory
- Transportation
Cross-functional drivers:
- Information
- Sourcing
- Pricing
Types of aggregation
- Information centralization → aggregation of information
- Specialization → aggregation of inventory
- Product substitution → aggregation of demand
- Component commonality → aggregation of components
- Postponement → aggregation of products
Supply Chain Coordniation [Definition, Obstacles, Impacts]
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Definition of Supply Chain Coordination
- All stages of SC take actions that are aligned and increase SC profits
- Creation of incentives that local optimal decisions match globally optimal decisions
-
Obstacles to coordination
- Local optimization of decisions regarding price and ordering
- Information is distorted or delayed between stages of SC
-
Impacts
- Lower order quantities and product availability due to double marginalization
- Global SC optimum is not achieved
- Bullwhip effect
Contracts - Matrix
Instruments of Revenue Management [Name, Explaination]
- Overbooking
- Find compromise between wated capacity and capacity shortages → goal is complete utilization despite uncertain demand
- Differential pricing
- Adjusting prices to meet customer’s willingness to pay → exploit market potential by forming segments
- Capacity allocation
- Allocate capacities to different user segments → maximise profit by accepting or rejecting requests in anticipation of later-coming higher-price buyers
- Dynamic pricing
Factors for effective revenue management [9]
Contract types
Deterministic demand:
- all-unity quantity discount → discount if quantity above global optimum is ordered
Price sensitive demand: → reseller chooses optimal price based on c_m chosen by manufacturer → SC optimum for c_r = c_m
- two-part tariffs → manufacturer gets franchise fee from retailer, but then sets c_r = c_m
- volume-based quantity discount → manufacturer offers dicount once Q is chosen optimally for SC by retailer → p is then chosen by retailer based on that
Coordination [Defination, Obstacles, Impacts]
- Definition: All stages take actions that are aligned and increase SC profits
- Obstacles: local optimization regarding price and ordering, distorted and delayed information flow
- Impacts: higher order quantities and product availability, achieving global SC optimum, reduced bullwhip effect
Collaboration
Process-driven concepts:
- Information sharing → retailer shares info about inventory and orders
-
continuous replenishment programs
- manufacturer regularly replenishes inventory of retailer based on PoS or inventory data
- inventory owned by retailer
- manufactuerer only delivers needed quantities
-
Vendor Managed inventory
- Manufactuerer takes over responsibility of inventory planning
- inventory often owned by manufacturer
- Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment → CPFR
Technology-driven concepts:
- Electronic marketplaces
- Tracking and Tracing
- Collaborative SCM-Systems
EMSR-A Heuristic
EMSR-B Heuristic
Optimale CSL → Newsvendor-Modell
Gewinn bei unsicherem Demand → Newsvendor-Modell
Optimale Bestellmenge → Newsvendor-Modell
Optimal lot size
Cycle inventory
→ EOQ-Modell
Deterministic demand → Optimal lot size for SC
Safety inventory
Overbooking
Dynamic pricing → Should order be accepted?
Revenue sharing
- Retailer receives share u of selling price
- Manufacturer offers reduced wholesale price