All vocab

Question 1

human anatomy

Answer 1

the scientific study of the body’s structures

Question 2

Gross anatomy

Answer 2

the study of the larger structures of the body, those visible without magnification

Question 3

microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

the study of structures of the body that can only be seen with a magnification device

Question 4

cytology

Answer 4

the study of cells

Question 5

histology

Answer 5

the study of tissues

Question 6

regional anatomy

Answer 6

the study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region, such as the abdomen

Question 7

systemic anatomy

Answer 7

the study of the structures that make up a discrete body system—that is, a group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function.

Question 8

human physiology

Answer 8

the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures and the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life

Question 9

homeostasis

Answer 9

the state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

Question 10

Fundamental levels of organization

Answer 10

1.Chemical level: subatomic particles –> atoms –> molecules –> 2.Cellular level: organelles –> cells –> 3.Tissue level: tissues –> 4.Organ level: organs –> 5.Organ system level: organ systems –> 6.Organism level: organisms. biosphere

Question 11

cell

Answer 11

the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism. Contains organelles, tiny functioning units within the cell.

Question 12

tissue

Answer 12

a group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 13

organ

Answer 13

an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types that performs one or more specific physiological functions

Question 14

organ system

Answer 14

a group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body (11 systems in humans)

Question 15

integumentary system

Answer 15

“introduction” encloses internal body structures. Site of many sensory receptors. Hair skin nails

Question 16

skeletal system

Answer 16

supports the body, enables movement (with the muscular system). Cartilage, bones, joints

Question 17

muscular system

Answer 17

enables movement (with skeletal system), helps maintain body temperature. Skeletal muscles, tendons

Question 18

nervous system

Answer 18

detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses. Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Question 19

endocrine system

Answer 19

secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes. Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, ovaries

Question 20

cardiovascular system

Answer 20

delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes the temperature in the body. Heart, blood vessels

Question 21

lymphatic system

Answer 21

returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens. Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels,

Question 22

respiratory system

Answer 22

removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to the blood. Nasal passage, trachea, lungs

Question 23

digestive system

Answer 23

processes food for use by the body, removes waste from undigested food. Stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, small intestine

Question 24

urinary system

Answer 24

controls water balance in the body, removes waste from blood and secretes it. Kidneys, urinary bladder

Question 25

male reproductive system

Answer 25

produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female. Epididymis, testes

Question 26

female reproductive system

Answer 26

Produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces milk for infant. Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus

Question 27

organism

Answer 27

a living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Question 28

functions of organ systems (6)

Answer 28

organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movement, development, reproduction

Question 29

why is organization of organ systems important?

Answer 29

maintain distinct internal compartments, separate cells from external threats and internal body fluids from internal microorganisms

Question 30

metabolism

Answer 30

the sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions that take place in the body. Eat food, convert it into fuel, sustain body functions, build and maintain body structure

Question 31

anabolism

Answer 31

the process where smaller, simpler molecules are combined into larger, more complex substances. This requires energy. (Use food molecules to assemble complex chemicals)

Question 32

catabolism

Answer 32

the process where larger, more complex substances are broken down into smaller, simpler molecules. This releases energy. (Break down food molecules).

Question 33

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 33

The unit of energy in a cell. Cell stores energy in the synthesis of ATP (anabolism), then breaks it down, releasing energy (catabolism) to perform a certain job.