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Science-space > All unit 7, 8, 9 > Flashcards

All unit 7, 8, 9 Flashcards

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0
Q

what is astronomy?

A

the study of the universe and the objects in it

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1
Q

what are celestial objects?

A

objects we can see in the sky

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2
Q

what is an astronomer?

A

someone who studies astronomy

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3
Q

how long does it take for the light from the moon to reach earth?

A

it takes 1.5 seconds

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4
Q

what is the solar system composed of?

A

the sun, four rocky inner planets, four gas giant planets, and other objects such as moons, comets, and asteroids

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5
Q

what is an astronomical unit?(AU)

A

the measure of distance, equal to the average distance from the sun to earth

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6
Q

what is a light-year?(ly)

A

a light-year is a measure of distance, equal to the distance light can travel in 1 year

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7
Q

define solar system

A

the solar system is the sun together with all the planets and other celestial objects that are held together by the Suns gradational attraction and orbit around it

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8
Q

what is the unit of measurement astronomers use more commonly to indicate distances between stars?

A

light-year

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9
Q

what is at the centre of the solar system?

A

the sun

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10
Q

what is a star?

A

a star is a hot ball of plasma

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11
Q

what makes stars shine?

A

nuclear fusion taking place at the core of the star

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12
Q

what is nuclear fusion?

A

it is the process in which the nuclei of atoms fuse together to form larger atoms

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13
Q

during what process is an enormous amount of energy released?

A

during nuclear fusion

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14
Q

what planets are between earth and the sun?

A

Mercury and Venus

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15
Q

what are the four rocky planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, earth, Mars

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16
Q

what planets make up the inner solar system?

A

Mercury, Venus, earth, Mars (the rocky planets)

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17
Q

how much kilometres is one AU equal to?

A

150 million km

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18
Q

define asteroid belt.

A

asteroid belt is a region of rocky debris that forms a ring around the sun at a distance of 3AU

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19
Q

what does the asteroid belt contain?

A

it contains billions of pieces of rocks or all sizes

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20
Q

what lie beyond the asteroid belt?

A

the four gas giant planets

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21
Q

what are the four gas giant planets?

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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22
Q

the four gas giant planets are also called the…

A

outer solar system

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23
Q

what is the nearest star to the earth?

A

the sun

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24
Q

what is a binary system?

A

it is a system with 2 stars

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25
Q

what is about twice the mass of our sun?

A

Sirius

26
Q

what is it called when a star explodes?

A

supernova

27
Q

what is nebula?

A

nebula is a large cloud of gas and dust

28
Q

where do stars develop?

A

in star nurseries (nebulae)

29
Q

how is a nebula created?

A

from the debris of star explosions. the explosion provides the matter for another celestial object

30
Q

what is out galactic home?(Galaxy)

A

the Milky Way

31
Q

what are 5 different types of celestial objects in the solar system?

A

other planets, stars, the moon, comets, the earth

32
Q

what is one light-year equal to in astronomical units?

A

63 000AU

33
Q

what is a longer distance, 1 AU or 1ly?

A

1 ly

34
Q

name the closest star to earth

A

the sun

35
Q

what is a black hole?

A

it is a region of space where Gravity is so strong that nothing can escape it

36
Q

what is dark matter?

A

dark matter refers to matter in the universe that is invisible because it does not interact with light or any other kind of radiation

37
Q

what are the 4 main galaxy shapes?

A

spiral, barrel spiral, elliptical, and irregular

38
Q

what is a comet?

A

a comet is a celestial object made of ice and dust

39
Q

what is the ISS?

A

it is the international space station

40
Q

what are the six main layers of the sun?

A
  1. photosphere
  2. convective zone
  3. corona
  4. radiative zone
  5. core
  6. chromosphere
41
Q

what is the order of the planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

42
Q

what is a meteor?

A

it is a meteoroid (a small piece of rock or metal) that enters earths atmosphere and begins to burn up as a result of friction

43
Q

what is a satellite?

A

it’s a device placed in orbit around earth or another celestial object

44
Q

what is geostationary?

A

a geostationary orbit is one in which a satellite orbits earth at the same rate as earth rotates

45
Q

what is the difference between a space shuttle and a space probe?

A

a space shuttle transports personnel and equipment to the orbiting space crafts, and space probes contain instrumentation for carrying out robotic exploration of space

46
Q

name 2 spinoff technologies from space exploration

A
  1. dehydrated food

2. miniaturized computers and robotics

47
Q

what is Equinox?

A

an Equinox is a day when the hours of daylight and the hours of night are equal length

48
Q

what is summer solstice?

A

marks the longest period of daylight in the year and represents the start of summer (June 21st)

49
Q

what is winter solstice?

A

winter solstice marks the shortest day of the year and represents the start of winter (December 21st)

50
Q

what is rotation?

A

one complete spin of earth on its axis

51
Q

what is a star called in its first stage?

A

a protostar

52
Q

what is a planet ?

A

it is a celestial object that orbits one or more stars and is capable of forming into a spherical shape as it melds under the weight of its own gravity

53
Q

compare planets to stars.

A

planets do not create and radiate its own light like a star does

54
Q

what is revolution?

A

Revolution is one complete orbit of earth around the sun, a journey of 1 year

55
Q

what is the difference between revolution and rotation?

A

rotation is one complete spin on earths axis which takes almost 24 hours and revolution is one complete orbit of earth around the sun which takes 1 year

56
Q

what are galaxies made of?

A

all galaxies contain stars, planets and dust

57
Q

how large is our galaxy?

A

our galaxy is about 100 000 ly in diameter, and about 2000 ly thick at its widest point

58
Q

compare a galaxy to a universe

A

if our solar system was the size of a bean, the Milky Way would be slightly larger then the area of Lake Superior

59
Q

what is the difference between inner and outer planets?

A

outer planets are further away from the sun and mostly made up of gasses

60
Q

why does the moon have phases?

A

the moon has phases because

61
Q

what are the 8 phases of e moon?

A
  1. first quarter
  2. waxing crescent
  3. new moon
  4. waning crescent
  5. third quarter
  6. waning gibbous
  7. full moon
  8. waxing gibbous
62
Q

features of a high mass star

A

red biggest brightest hottest. 100 billion years it lives. burns fuel faster than any other star

63
Q

what are the aurora borealis called?

A

the northern lights

Science-space (1 decks)

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