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Roent Midterms > All Topics Sa Midterms (knang Sa Makaya Rah Kay Rush Ni) > Flashcards

All Topics Sa Midterms (knang Sa Makaya Rah Kay Rush Ni) Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of extraoral radiographs

A

Panoramic
Cephalometric

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2
Q

Advanced imaging in radiograph

A

Computed tomography
Cone beam computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging

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3
Q

Examples of uses of radiograph in dentistry

A

Caries detection
Periodontal disease
Occult disease
Dental anomalies
TMJ
Implantology
Growth and development and malocclusions
Endodontic treatment
Jaw disease
Paranasal sinuses
Trauma

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4
Q

Is dental xray safe in pregnancy?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Is 2nd trimester safe for radiographic examination?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Types of intraoral radiograph

A

Bitewing
Periapical
Occlusal

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7
Q

This technique is placed right angle or in long cone technique

Xray receptor is suported parallel to the long of the teeth

A

Paralleling technique

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8
Q

Landmark of max central incisor in paralleling technique

A

Tip of nose

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9
Q

Landmark of max lateral incisor in paralleling technique

A

Ala of nose

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10
Q

Landmark of max canine in paralleling technique

A

Close to ala of nose

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11
Q

Landmark of max premolars in paralleling technique

A

Ala of nose (first point; outer canthus (third point)

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12
Q

Landmark of max molars in paralleling technique

A

Sinus

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13
Q

Two triangles are equal when tey share one complete side and have two equal angles

A

Cieszynski’s rule of isometry (bisecting angle technique)

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14
Q

How many bitewing projection are used to complete a full mouth?

A

8 bitewing

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15
Q

How many periapical radiograph can be completed in a full mouth

A

21 periapical radiograph

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16
Q

What projection:

Detection of proximal caries
Evaluation of PDL condition
Detection of interproximal calculus

A

Bitewing projections

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17
Q

What radiograph

Localte roots, supernumerary and impacted tooth
Localization of foreign bodies and salivary stones
Diagnostic aid for patients with trismus
Localization of jaw fracture
Determine medial and lateral extend of pathogenesis

A

Occlusal radiography

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18
Q

Protects he film from liht, slaiva and mechanical damage

A

Outer plastic package

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19
Q

Protects the film base from light and saliva during opening

A

Black paper

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20
Q

The foil is positioned in the film packet behind the film, away from the tube

To shield the film from backsactter

A

Lead foil backing

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21
Q

Orients the film in the packet so that the convex side of the dot is toward te form of the packet and faces the xray tube

A

Raised dot

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22
Q

Principal compnents of xray film

A

Emulsion and base

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23
Q

Sensitive to xray and visible light, records the radiographic image

A

Emulsion

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24
Q

Plastic supporting material onto which the emulsion is coated

A

Base

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25
Q

Emulsion is composed of?

A

Silver halide grains ( composed of crystals of bromide)

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26
Q

It is where the =silver halide grains are suspended

A

Vehicle matrix

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27
Q

Additional layer of the film emulsion to protect film from damage

A

Overcoat

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28
Q

What supports the emulsion

A

Base

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29
Q

Used to record the coronal portion of the max and mandi teeth

To detect proximal caries and evaluating eight of the alveolar bone

A

Bitewing

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30
Q

Records crow, root and surrounding bone

A

Periapical

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31
Q

Sizes for periapical(?) or tanan films ata

Small children
Ant teeth
Adult

A

0 (22x35mm)
1 (22x40mm)
2 (31x41mm)

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32
Q

Used to show larger areas of max and the mandi

Held in position b having the patients bite lgihtly on it to support it between the occlusal surface of the teeth

A

Occlusal view

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33
Q

Designed to be sensitive to visible light because it is placed between teo intensifying screens when an exposure is made

A

Screen film

34
Q

Absorbs xray and emit visible light, which exposes the screen film

A

Intensifying screen

35
Q

Creates and image receptor system that is 10 to 60 times more sensitive to xrays than the film alone

A

Intensifying screens

36
Q

Suspended in polymetric binder

A

Phosphorescent crystals

37
Q

Placed over the phosphor layer tyo protect the phosphor and to provide a surface that can be cleaned

A

Protective coat

38
Q

The overall darkening of an exposed film

A

Radiographic density

39
Q

Dense objects cause radiographic image to be light and are said to be?

A

Radiopaque

40
Q

Object with low densities are weak absorbers. They allow most photos to pass through, they case a dark areas on the film that corresponds to the ____ objects

A

Radiolucent

41
Q

Defined as the difference in densities between light and dark regions on radiograph

A

Radiographic contrast

42
Q

Results from photons that have interacted with the subject by compton or coherent interaction causes emission of photons that travels in direction other than that of the primary beam

A

Scattered radiations

43
Q

Refers to the amount of radiation required to produce an image of secondary densiy

A

Radiographic speed

44
Q

Appropriate dental films

A

D, E and F speed, appropriate for intraoral radiography

45
Q

The appearance of eneven density of a uniformly exposed radiographic film

A

Radiographic noise

46
Q

Cause of radigtaphic noise

A

Mottled radiograph
Radiographic artfact

47
Q

The finer the grain size, the finer the sharpness

A

Image receptor blurring

48
Q

Movement of xray source ineffect enlarges the focal spot and diminishes image sharpness

A

Motion blurring

49
Q

The larger the focal spot, the greater the loss of image sharpness

A

Geometric blurring

50
Q

Placed between the subject and the film, to mremove scattered radation, reducing non imaging exposure and increases subject contrast

A

Grids

51
Q

Refers to a series of steps that converts the latent image into the visible radiographic image

A

Film processing

52
Q

Produced by the interaction of xrays with photographic emulsion on a film after passing through an object

A

Radiographic image

53
Q

Completely absorb or stop the xray and prevent them from reaching the film

A

Radiopaque

54
Q

Xray beam can pass and can reach the film to react with silver halide crystals converting them to metallic silver

A

Radiolucent

55
Q

An invisible image that is produced an film emulsion by light or xray

A

Latent image

56
Q

Can be describes as a 2-d picture which is made up of a variety of black, white, gray superimposed shadow

A

Final image

57
Q

The sequence of events required to convert the invisible lartent image into visible permanent radiographiuc image

A

Processing

58
Q

Chemically reduces the exposed silver halide crystals into metallic silver grains to produce a diagnostic image

A

Development

59
Q

Reducing agents of developer

A

Phenidone
Hydroquinone

60
Q

Serves as the first electron donot that converts the silver ions to metallic silver at the latent image site

A

Pehnidone

61
Q

Provides an electron to reduce the oxidized phenidone back to its orginal activate state

A

Hydroquinone

62
Q

Composiution of activatir

A

Sodium of potassium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate

63
Q

To maintain the alkalinity

A

Activator

64
Q

Composition of preservative

A

Sodium sulfide

65
Q

Antioxidantprotects the developers from oxidation by atmospheric oxygen and thus increasing the shelf life

A

Preservative

66
Q

Depress reduction of both exposed and unexposed crystals BUT MORE EFFECTIVE in depressing the reducion of unexposed crystals

A

Restrainer (antifog agent)

67
Q

Composition of restrainer

A

Potassium bromide
Benzotriazole

68
Q

Continuous gentle rinsing of30 after developing to dilute the developer and slow down the development prcess

And to remove alkali activator thus preventing neutralization of acid fixer

A

Rinsin

69
Q

To dissolve and remove the undeveloped silver halide crystals

A

Fixing

70
Q

After development of film emulsion must be cleared by dissolving and removing unexposed silver halide

A

Clearing agent

71
Q

Composition of clearing agent

A

Aqueous solution of ammonuin thsulfate

72
Q

Provides necessary acidic medium for diffusion of thiosulfate into the emulsion and maintain adequate ph

A

Acidifier

73
Q

Prevent oxidation of thiosulfate clearing agent which is unstable in the acidic environment of the fixing solution

A

Preservative

74
Q

Composition of preservative

A

Ammonium sulfite

75
Q

Complexes with gelatin during fixing and prevents damage to the gelatin during subsequent handling

A

Hardener

76
Q

Composition of hardener

A

Aluminum sulfate

77
Q

To ensure removal of all thiosulfate ions and silver hiosulfate complexes

A

Washing

78
Q

Films are dried with the help of xray dryer in a dust free areas

A

Drying

79
Q

A special kind of lighting of relatively low intensity illumination of long wavelength

A

Safe lighting

80
Q

How many watts shoukld a safelight should have to minimize fogging effects

A

15 watts bulb and at least 4ft above surface

Roent Midterms (1 decks)

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