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Computing GCSE > All Topics Quiz - The Big One! > Flashcards

All Topics Quiz - The Big One! Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the hardware within a computer system or smartphone which carries out the instructions of a computer program ?

A

The CPU

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2
Q

What does CPU stand for?

A

Central processing unit

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3
Q

When talking about a CPU what does ALU stand for?

A

Arithmetic logic unit

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4
Q

What are the 3 main components of a CPU

A

Control unit - Memory unit - ALU

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5
Q

When talking about a CPU what is the function of the ALU?

A

performs arithmetic and logical operations

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6
Q

When talking about a CPU what is the function of the control unit?

A

extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them

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7
Q

Complete the cycle of the CPU _ Fetch_..

A

Fetch - decode - execute

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8
Q

Where does the CPU fetch instructions from

A

Main memory

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9
Q

When talking about a computer system what is memory?

A

A temporary storage

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10
Q

What 3 things might you find stored in Memory?

A

Instructions. Commands and the operating system

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11
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random Access Memory

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12
Q

What does ROM stand for?

A

Read Only Memory

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13
Q

What is stored in ROM?

A

The boot files for the computer

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14
Q

Name 2 differences between RAM and ROM

A

RAM is Volatile. ROM is non Volatile. Contents of RAM change frequently. Contents of ROM never change

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15
Q

What is the type of memory used in the main memory

A

RAM

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16
Q

When referring to computer memory what is meant by Random Access?

A

You can write anywhere in that memory space at any time

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17
Q

When discussing memory what is meant by volatile?

A

It requires power and loses its content if there is no power

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18
Q

Is RAM volatile or non-volatile?

A

Volatile

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19
Q

Where is the basic start up routine that is known as the boot sequence of a computer stored?

A

In the ROM

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20
Q

What is virtual memory?

A

A part of the hard drive used as memory when memory has become full

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21
Q

When would you need to use virtual memory?

A

If memory is full. When you want to open a program that doesn’t fit in remaining memory space.

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22
Q

What does 3MGz mean?

A

It is the clockspeed of the computer. It can complete 3 million cycles per second

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23
Q

How does cache size affect the performance of a computer?

A

The larger the size of the cache the more instructions can fit in it therefore the CPU can process instructions quicker

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24
Q

A computer has a quad core processor. What does this mean?

A

The computer has 4 separate cores. Each is capable of running cycles. Therefore more cycles can be run simultaneously

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25
Q

Is ROM volatile or non-volatile?

A

Non-volatile

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26
Q

NOT (1) =

A

0

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27
Q

1 AND (NOT 1) =

A

0

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28
Q

1 OR ( 1 AND (NOT 0)) =

A

1

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29
Q

1 AND ((NOT 1) OR 1)=

A

1

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30
Q

What is a bit?

A

A single 1 or 0

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31
Q

What is a byte?

A

8 bits

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32
Q

How many bytes are in a kilobyte?

A

1024

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33
Q

How many kilobytes in a megabyte?

A

1024

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34
Q

How does having more RAM improve the performance of a computer?

A

It can load more programs and data at the same time

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35
Q

Finish the sequence bytes kilobytes__

A

Megabyte - gigabyte - terabyte - petabyte

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36
Q

What is stored in the computer_s ROM

A

The boot sequence (BIOS settings)

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37
Q

Name the type of secondary storage that is built into a computer system

A

Hard disk drive. Magnetic hard disk

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38
Q

Is a hard disk drive volatile or non volatile?

A

Non-volatile

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39
Q

What is optical storage?

A

CDs DVDs Bluray

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40
Q

What does CD-ROM stand for?

A

Compact disk read only memory

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41
Q

What is a CD ROM used for and why?

A

Music CDs software disks

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42
Q

What does DVD stand for?

A

Digital video disc

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43
Q

Who might use Flash Memory and why?

A

Anyone who needs to transfer data from one place to another

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44
Q

What type of memory does a USB stick use?

A

Flash memory or Solid State memory

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45
Q

Flash memory is also known as what?

A

Solid state memory

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46
Q

What does the SD stand for in SD card

A

Secure digital

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47
Q

What type of memory is used in smartphones and tablets?

A

Flash memory

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48
Q

What does the RW stand for in DVD-RW?

A

Re-writable

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49
Q

What is the difference between a DVD-R and a DVD-RW

A

DVD-R can only be written to once

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50
Q

What is the following type of network: One or more servers providing services to many clients

A

Client-Server network

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51
Q

Define a peer-to-peer network

A

All computers are equal. They serve the needs of the user as well as carrying out network functions

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52
Q

This device directs traffic though large networks such as the internet

A

Router

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53
Q

This device forwards packets only to the intended recipient

A

Switch

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54
Q

What does NIC stand for?

A

Network Interface Card

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55
Q

A computer must have this device to connect to a network

A

NIC

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56
Q

This device sends packets to every machine connected to it

A

Hub

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57
Q

What measurement comes after terabyte?

A

Petabyte

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58
Q

What type of data is held in a string?

A

Text or characters

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59
Q

What is an integer?

A

Whole numbers

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60
Q

What is a method of describing a program using proper English rather than a programming language

A

Pseudocode

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61
Q

What does PDF stand for?

A

Portable document format

62
Q

What is a pixel?

A

The smallest element of an image _ dots that make up an image on a screen

63
Q

How many bits does ASCII use?

A

7/8 bits (either is right)

64
Q

How many bits does Unicode use?

A

16/32 bits (either is right)

65
Q

State a difference between ASCII and unicode

A

ASCII uses 7 bits. Unicode 16 bits. ASCII can represent 127 characters. Unicode can represent many more

66
Q

What do we call the list of characters a computer can represent

A

Character set

67
Q

Give an example of metadata stored with an image

A

Height Width Resolution Colour depth date it was produced

68
Q

What do we call the smallest part of an image

A

A pixel

69
Q

What is the correlation between colour depth and bits per pixel and file size?

A

The more colours we use the more bits we need for each pixel the larger the file size.

70
Q

What do we call the process of turning analogue sound into digital?

A

Sampling

71
Q

What is the connection between sample rate and quality of sound and file size?

A

The higher the sample rate the better quality of file the larger the file size

72
Q

What two parts is an instruction split into?

A

The operator (instruction part) and the operand (the data part)

73
Q

What is software?

A

Programs that run on the computer

74
Q

Give two forms of data validation

A

Length check - Type check - Range check - Presence check - Lookup check - Format check - Check digit

75
Q

What is meant by a range check?

A

Data entered must be within a certain range eg date of birth between 01/01/1900 and 05/02/2014

76
Q

Is double entry a form of Validation or Verification?

A

Verification

77
Q

A database has 3 tables that are linked. This is known as a_

A

Relational Database

78
Q

Give 2 tasks that the DBMS allows us to do.

A

Protect data - run queries to extract data - keep data consistent -keep data accurate

79
Q

Define an entity

A

A real world object about what we store data

80
Q

Define a record

A

A row of fields about one entry in the table

81
Q

Define a field

A

A single piece of data in a record

82
Q

Define a primary key

A

A unique field which identifies the record and cannot be repeated.

83
Q

A primary key which appears in a different table is known as a_

A

Foreign Key

84
Q

Why would we need a foreign key in a table?

A

To link 2 tables together in a relational database. It acts as a bridge between the tables.

85
Q

List 2 tools provided by the DBMS

A

Tables - Forms - Reports - Queries - Modules

86
Q

What language are websites generally written in?

A

HTML or HTML5

87
Q

Why do we use compression when sending files over the Internet

A

Reduce transmission times and save storage space

88
Q

What type of software is needed for a computer to communicate with a device such as a printer

A

Device driver _ driver software

89
Q

Assembly language is also known as_

A

A low level language

90
Q

In what language do mnemonics make an appearance?

A

Assembly language

91
Q

What type of language is Visual Basic?

A

A high level language

92
Q

What language do machines understand?

A

Binary/Machine language

93
Q

State two features of an IDE

A

Source code editor/error diagnostics and debugger/run-time environment/translator

94
Q

A sequence is when_

A

Instructions are executed one after the other

95
Q

Selection is when_

A

The path through the program is decided by looking at a condition (IF statement)

96
Q

Iteration is when_

A

The programs repeats commands until a critieria has been met (Loop)

97
Q

What is the difference between a FOR loop and a WHILE loop

A

With a FOR loop we know how many times the loop will run before the code is run. With a WHILE loop the user can choose to stop the loop or keep repeating

98
Q

What is the difference between a variable and a constant?

A

A variables value can change in the program. A constant cannot change

99
Q

Where do we declare global variables

A

At the top of the program

100
Q

Define an Array

A

A set of variables with the same name (identifier)

101
Q

What is a variable?

A

An identifier that points to a place in memory

102
Q

What is a syntax error

A

A mistake which breaks the grammar of the programming language

103
Q

What is a logic error

A

The program will run however it does not give you the result you expected

104
Q

Name a type of input device that could be used by someone who is blind

A

Braille keyboar - microphone (voice recognition)

105
Q

What input devices would a central heating system use?

A

Temp sensor (thermometer) - timer - dial - keypad

106
Q

Name 3 different types of printer

A

Ink jet - laser - 3d - plotter - dot matrix - thermal

107
Q

Name 3 output devices that perform different functions

A

Printer monitor speakers actuators

108
Q

Name a device to output sound

A

Speaker or headphones

109
Q

What is an actuator?

A

Output device to produce physical movement

110
Q

What am I: I am used to control wheelchairs and to remotely control lights or security cameras and robots. I am used in home entertainment systems like the XBOX and PS3.

A

Joystick _ games controller

111
Q

What type of sensor is the XBOX Kinect

A

Motion sensor

112
Q

What type of device is a digital camera?

A

Input device

113
Q

What is an eye-typer?

A

A camera that tracks the movement of the eye and detect which key they are looking to gain input

114
Q

Name a suitable input device for someone who cannot use their arms.

A

Eye typer. Foot mouse etc.

115
Q

Name a suitable input device for blind people

A

Braille keyboard or microphone (voice recognition)

116
Q

Name 2 features of a hard drive

A

Large capacity - fairly cheap - magnetic storage not portable

117
Q

Name 2 features of a CD-ROM

A

Small and portable. It can be used on most devices. IS read only so cannot be copied over. Small capacity approximately 700MB

118
Q

Name 2 features of a solid state drive

A

Very portable and good for carrying work.

119
Q

Give an example of magnetic storage

A

Hard drive and magnetic tape

120
Q

Give an example of optical storage

A

CD-ROM DVD-ROM CD-RW etc

121
Q

State 2 functions of an operating system

A

Provide a user interface. Provide a platform for applications to run. Perform memory management. Perform file/disk management

122
Q

Name 2 different operating systems

A

Windows: iOS: Android: Linux: Ubuntu

123
Q

Explain multi-tasking

A

Allows more than 1 process to run at the (apparently) same time in oprder to maximise computer resources.

124
Q

Name 2 utility programs and their uses

A

System cleanup - (Searches for and) deletes files/programs which are no longer used. Automatic update - Checks on the (software manufacturer’s site on the) Internet for newer versions of programs which are installed. Disk defrag - cleanup the hard drive - move files - Anti Virus

125
Q

Why would a company need custom written software?

A

IF software does not exist to do the job the company wants. If the software that does exist doesn’t do exactly what they need

126
Q

What do we mean by Off the Shelf software?

A

Software that is available in shops

127
Q

Give an example of off the shelf software

A

Excel. Access. Word etc

128
Q

State two features of open source software

A

Is free to use. Lots of people contribute to it. Doesn’t need a license

129
Q

What does HTTP stand for?

A

Hypertext transfer protocol

130
Q

What does HTTPS stand for

A

As above secure

131
Q

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local area network

132
Q

What is a WAN?

A

Wide area network

133
Q

What numbers are used in binary?

A

1 and 0

134
Q

State 2 differences between a LAN and a WAN

A

LAN is over a small geographical area. A WAN is over a large geographical area. LAN uses cables/wireless to transfer data. A WAN uses telephone system etc.

135
Q

State 2 different LAN topologies

A

Bus - Ring - Star

136
Q

What is the difference between a DVD-R and a DVD-RW

A

DVD-R can only be written to once

137
Q

What is a solid state drive?

A

A form of flash memory. Portable storage that does not use magnetic tape like a HDD

138
Q

What is cloud storage?

A

Online storage

139
Q

How many times bigger is a terabyte to a gigabyte?

A

1024 or 1000

140
Q

What type of memory is cheaper? Hard disk drive - optical storage - flash memory

A

Flash memory

141
Q

What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of cloud storage

A

Cheap: automatically backed up - secure - extendable. Relies on internet access - requires password access; speed depends upon the internet connection speed

142
Q

What is an input device?

A

A device used to get data into the computer system

143
Q

What is an output device?

A

A device that displays or communicates the processed data

144
Q

Do input devices deal with analogue or digital data?

A

Analogue

145
Q

What type of input device would be used for data entry into a computer system?

A

A keyboard

146
Q

What am I? I am used as a pointing device to point at objects on the screen and select items by clicking or double clicking

A

A mouse

147
Q

There is a variation of a computer mouse. What is it called

A

A trackerball

148
Q

What am I? I am used to record something analogue to convert it to digital and to be stored onto CDs or as MP3 files. I am an input device used to input sound.

A

Microphone

149
Q

What am I? I am an input device used in supermarkets at checkouts at self service checkouts and by store workers to analyse the products on the shelves eg to check sell by dates. I scan something on the products to input it into the computer system

A

Barcode scanner

150
Q

What devices are input AND output devices

A

Touchscreen

Computing GCSE (2 decks)

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