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Medical Jurisprudence > All Topics > Flashcards

All Topics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Medical Jurisprudence

A

a science that deals with applying every branch of medical knowledge to the purposes of the law

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2
Q

Forensic science

A

using scientific methods and techniques to administer justice

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3
Q

Code of Hammurabi

A

oldest written records of legal medicine, covering medical malpractice through negligence

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4
Q

Master Lu’s Spring and Autumn Anals

A

compendium of natural philosophy including examination of a corpse by a coroner

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5
Q

Caroline Code

A

issued by Germanic Emperor Charles V, promoting legal medicine as an academic discipline

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6
Q

De Relationes Medicorum

A

first book on legal medicine by Italian physician Fortunato Fedele

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7
Q

Manual de Medicina Domestica

A

first medical legal textbook written in the Philippines by Dr. Rafael Ginard y Mas, an army physician

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8
Q

Dr. Sixto de los Angeles

A

first chief of the University of the Philippines Department of Legal Medicine

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9
Q

Dr. Pedro Solis

A

considered the father of legal medicine in the Philippines

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10
Q

Anterior

A

front part of the body

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11
Q

Posterior

A

back part of the body

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12
Q

Dorsal

A

back part of the body without head

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13
Q

Ventral

A

front part of the body, except the head

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14
Q

Right lateral

A

view of body looking at right side

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15
Q

Left lateral

A

view of body looking at left side

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16
Q

Anterior midline

A

runs vertically through body from front

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17
Q

Posterior midline

A

runs vertically through body from back

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18
Q

Transverse plane

A

horizontal plane dividing body into upper and lower sections

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19
Q

Frontal or Coronal plane

A

vertical plane dividing body into anterior and posterior

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20
Q

Sagittal or Longitudinal plane

A

cuts through body vertically

Left and right

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21
Q

A-P view or Anteproposterior view

A

back of the person is against the film plate and x-ray is in front of the person

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22
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

comprises cranial cavity, enclosing the blain

Cranial and Vertebral cavity

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23
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

hides the spinal cord

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24
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

encloses heart

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25
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

houses lungs

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26
Q

Superior Mediastinum

A

contains thymus, trachea, and esophagus

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27
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder

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28
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

eight fused cranial bones protect the brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid

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29
Q

Brain

A

command center of the human nervous system, receiving signals from sensory organs and delivering to muscles

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30
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest and uppermost portion of the brain

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31
Q

Frontal lobe

A

control panel of personality; controls critical cognitive skills like planning, expression, problem-solving, memory, sexual behavior, and empathy

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32
Q

Parietal lobe

A

contains primary sensory area where impulses from skin such as warmth, cold, and pain are interpreted

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33
Q

Temporal lobe

A

processes sensory input derived into meanings (memories and language association)

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34
Q

Hippocampus

A

associated with forming new memories, correlated with epilepsy

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35
Q

Occipital lobe

A

brain’s vosal processing center for distance and depth perception

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36
Q

Cerebellum

A

brainstem of the brain, controlling balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills

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37
Q

Pons

A

upper part of the brainstem controlling facial movements

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38
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

bottom part of brainstem regulating breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and heart rhythm

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39
Q

Vertebral column

A

33 bones called vertebrae enclosing the spinal cord

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40
Q

Spinal cord

A

tubular nervous tissue carrying signals between brain and rest of body

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41
Q

Central Nervous System

A

comprised of the brain and spinal cord

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42
Q

Complete spinal cord injury

A

results in loss of feeling and motion, can result in total paralysis if cervical

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43
Q

Adam’s apple

A

thyroid cartilage of larynx

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44
Q

Neck

A

supports the head’s weight and protects nerves carrying sensory/motor information

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45
Q

Chest

A

holds essential organs in the body

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46
Q

Ribcage

A

protects heart and lungs

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47
Q

Pulmonary contusion

A

transmission of force through chest wall, most common cause of death via chest injuries

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48
Q

Pulmonary laceration

A

cuts from broken ribs

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49
Q

Abdomen

A

between chest and pelvis, containing stomach, intestines, bladder, liver, pancreas, and kidneys

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50
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

buttocks (butt)

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51
Q

Pelvis

A

lower part of trunk between abdomen and thighs, together with embedded skeleton; most reliable indicator of sex

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52
Q

Subpubic arch

A

less than 90 degrees in males, greater than 90 degrees in females

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53
Q

Subpubic concavity

A

concave in females, straight or convex in males

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54
Q

Greater sciatic notch

A

a rounded arch on ilia anterior; males have narrow sciatic notch, females have wide notch

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55
Q

Femur

A

largest and thickest bone in the human body (in the thigh); flatter in females, longer in males

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56
Q

Patella

A

the knee bone joining the femur and the tibia through the joint

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57
Q

Tibia

A

the shin bone located near midline of the lower leg

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58
Q

Fibula

A

the calf bone situated on tibia’s lateral

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59
Q

Talus

A

ankle bone

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60
Q

Calcaneus

A

heel bone, largest tarsal bone

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61
Q

Phalanges

A

toe bones

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62
Q

Human biometrics

A

measurements and calculations of capturable traits including anatomical parts, physiological processes, and behavior for identification and authentication purposes

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63
Q

Latent fingerprints

A

exposed through usagge of development tactics such as contrasting, dusting, or chemical fuming

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64
Q

Latent Print Identification

A

uses latent print from crime scene to identify suspect

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65
Q

Ten-print Identification

A

system used to confirm identity and criminal history of arrested suspects

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66
Q

Forensic Odontology

A

deals with proper handling and examination of dental evidence

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67
Q

Dental Records Law

A

obliges dental practitioners to keep and maintain an accurate record of dentition of all patients; from ten years of last entry, dental practitioners turn over records to NBI

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68
Q

Iris

A

gives eye color and regulates entry of light by dilation and constriction of pupil; highly variable

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69
Q

Pupil

A

eye’s aperture

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70
Q

Philippine Identification System

A

law signed in 2018, introduced the Philippine National ID and includes biometric data such as iris and fingerprint sets

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71
Q

Facial recognition

A

the process of identifying or verifying identity of a person using their face

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72
Q

Voice Recognition

A

ability of a machine or program to receive and interpret dictation or to carry out spoken commands

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73
Q

Biometric system

A

a system allowing recognition of a certain characteristic using mathematical algorithms and biometric data

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74
Q

Enrollment mode

A

a learning phase aiming to collect biometric information through a sensor, then uploading it in digital form, storing it in a database

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75
Q

Verification/Authentication Mode

A

a one-to-one comparison with which system validates identity of person by comparing with previously stored biometric data

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76
Q

Gene

A

the basic physical unit of inheritance passed from parents to offspring; arranged in chromosomes

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77
Q

Chromosome

A

a thread-like structure made up of DNA found in nucleus of each cell

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78
Q

DNA Profile

A

a list of numbers that indicate how many repeat units, called short tandem repeats, are in each selected marker regions

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79
Q

Colin Pitchfork

A

British double child murderer and rapist, first person convicted of rape and murder using DNA profiling (1986)

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80
Q

Tommie Lee Andrews

A

first American convicted of rape due to DNA evidence (1987)

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81
Q

Natural Sciences Research Institute of the University of the Philippines Diliman

A

one of the few DNA laboratories in the Philippines

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82
Q

Electropherogram

A

displays genetic material at each locus tested

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83
Q

Y-STR

A

the male-specific part of the human Y-chromosome, widely used in forensic analysis for crime scenes

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84
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribunucleic acid, chain of molecules found in every cell in the body

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85
Q

Zygote

A

fertilized egg

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86
Q

Cervical canal

A

runs along cervix and connects body cavity with lumen of vagina

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87
Q

Clitoris

A

equivalent to male penis

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88
Q

Vaginismus

A

recurrent, involuntary, and painful spasms in outer muscles of vagina, especially during intercourse

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89
Q

Scrotum

A

pouch of skin outside body keeping sperms a few degrees lower than 37 degrees Celsius in seminal fluid

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90
Q

Penis

A

external part of male reproductive system containing the urethra, through which flows urine and sperm

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91
Q

Impotence

A

the incapability of a party to physically consummate marriage with another, an incurable grounds for annulment of marriage

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92
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

inability to achieve erection

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93
Q

Urology

A

branch of medicine focusing on surgical and medical diseases in male and female urinary-tract systems

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94
Q

Female Sexual Interest Arousal Disorder (FSIAD)

A

reduced interest in sex in women

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95
Q

Infertility

A

inability to become pregnant after a certain period

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96
Q

Sterility

A

inability to produce a biological child

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97
Q

RH Law

A

RA 10354 providing pro bono services to indigent women such as access to reproductive healthcare services

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98
Q

Artificial insemination

A

deliberate introduction of sperm into cervix to achieve pregnancy through in vivo or in vitro fertilization, such as intracervical or intrauterine insemination

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99
Q

Intracervical Insemination (ICI)

A

simulates ejaculation of semen by penis into vagina during intercourse through a needeless syringe

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100
Q

Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

A

injection of washed sperm into uterus with a catheter

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101
Q

Gamete Intrafallopian Tube transfer (GIFT)

A

sperm and eggs are mixed and injected into one or both fallopian tubes

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102
Q

Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)

A

similar to GIFT, but egg is fertilized in laboratory

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103
Q

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

A

process of fertilization where egg is combined with sperm in vitro, sperm fertilizes eggs in a culture medium in a laboratory

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104
Q

Surrogacy

A

an arrangement whereby a surrogate mother agrees to bear a child for another person or persons, latter will become parents after birth

105
Q

RM Lab

A

first IVF center in the Philippines

106
Q

International Surrogacy Arrangements (ISAs)

A

contracts defining the surrogacy arrangement entered across national borders

107
Q

Conception

A

the moment of fertilization, wherein there is union of two haploid gametes, the spermatozoa, and the oocyte resulting in cell differentiation and embryo development

108
Q

Pregnancy Confirmation Ultrasound

A

look directly at development of growing baby, most accurate method of assessing fetal gestational age using transvaginal and transabdominal probe assessments

109
Q

Gestational age

A

length of pregnancy after first day of last menstrual period

110
Q

Conceptional age

A

fertilization age, true fetal age, length of pregnancy from time of conception

111
Q

Embryo

A

developing offspring in the womb during first eight weeks following fertilization

112
Q

Pregnancy

A

divided into three trimesters of 3 months each

113
Q

Sonogram

A

machine used during ultrasound monitoring fetal development

114
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

technique of choice for medical imaging in pregnancy

115
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

also called CT-scan, uses ionizing radiation to determine fetal development

116
Q

Fetal demise

A

loss of fetus at any stage

117
Q

Spalding sign

A

collapse and overlapping of fetal skull bones, causing death

118
Q

Robert sign

A

presence of gas shadow in heart, seen after death of fetus

119
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

through which genes are inherited from parents

120
Q

Locus

A

specific location of a DNA sequence in a chromosome

121
Q

Alleles

A

different forms of DNA sequence

122
Q

Dominant traits

A

expressed in presence of one copy of an allele for a particular trait

123
Q

Recessive traits

A

expressed only when two copies of an allele are present

124
Q

Natural child

A

recognizing parent has legal capacity to marry at time of conception

125
Q

ABO Blood Test

A

objective basis to prove paternity using co-dominant A and B alleles and the recessive O allele

126
Q

Bombay Phenotype

A

Blood Type O, who do not have the H antigen; can donate blood to all persons, but can only receive from “O”

127
Q

Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)

A

FBI’s criminal justice program database

128
Q

Combined Paternity Index (CPI)

A

likelihood that a tested individual is the biological father, calculating product of all paternity indices

129
Q

Prior Probability (PP)

A

usually pegged at 0.5 or 50%

130
Q

Probability of paternity

A

= (100)(CPI)(PP) divided by (CPI)(PP) + (1-PP)

131
Q

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

A

circular chromosome found inside mitochondria of cells, smaller than nuclear DNA, inherited solely from mother; basis of mtDNA test used to trace matrilineal lineage

132
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

a serious brain injury resulting from forcefully shaking an infant or toddler, destroying brain cells and restricting oxygen access

133
Q

Pediatric Abuse

A

second most common cause of death in children

134
Q

Metaphysical fractures

A

injuries on long bones, indicators of abuse and non-accidental injuries

135
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

aka “cot death,” all other causes of death excluded, no pathognomic markers, rarely encountered

136
Q

Breastmilk

A

produced in alveoli, stimulated by prolactin, small sacs in the breast, suckled at the nipple; the best food for infants since it contains essential nutrients except Vitamin D; nature’s first immunization, using immunoglobulin

137
Q

Oxytocin Reflex

A

aka Letdown Reflex, makes myoepithelial cells around alveoli contract, making milk flow and fill ducts

138
Q

RA 1700

A

law making it mandatory to place infants at mother’s breast within 30 minutes after birth, Sec. 9 establishes the Right to Breastfeed

139
Q

Breastfeeding Awareness Month

A

August, established by RA 10028

140
Q

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

A

disruption in normal function of brain caused by bump or bow

141
Q

Domestic violence

A

also called intimate partner violence, implies physical or sexual violence

142
Q

Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS)

A

pattern of signs and symptoms displayed by a woman who has suffered persistent intimate partner violence; a subcategory of PTSD and used as a defense (self-defense)

143
Q

Phases (DV)

A

Tension-building phase (verbal abuse, woman tries to pacify); Acute battering incident; Tranquil, loving phase

144
Q

Helplessness Theory

A

explains why abused spouses stay in destructive relationships

145
Q

Rape

A

carnal knowledge of a man with a woman through force, threat, or intimidation or when offended party is deprived of consciousness

146
Q

Hymen

A

a thin mucosal tissue surrounding vaginal opening; not a reliable indicator of virginity

147
Q

Physical injuries

A

include mutilation, wounding, beating, and assault; may lead to incapacity for work

148
Q

Mutilation

A

deprives a person, either totally or partially, of essential organ of reproduction; must be permanent

149
Q

Vasectomy

A

not considered mutilation, since reversible through vasovasostomy

150
Q

Female circumcision

A

religious rite of pre-pubertal females in some indigenous communities, consists of scraping the labia majora, considered mutilation (amputation of the clitoris)

151
Q

Serious Physical Injuries

A

penalty of prison mayor, injured person becomes insane, imbecillic, impotent, or blind

152
Q

Less Serious Physical Injuries

A

incapacitates another for ten days or more, not more than 30 days, penalty of arresto mayor

153
Q

Slight Physical Injuries

A

penalty of arresto menor, 1-9 days of being incapacitated

154
Q

Injury

A

damage inflicted on body by an external force

155
Q

Mechanical Injuries

A

abrasions, contusions, lacerations, stabs, and gunshot wounds

156
Q

Thermal injuries

A

burns, frostbite, electric burns, and chemical burns

157
Q

Abrasions or Grazes

A

superficial wounds where topmost layer of skin is scraped off

158
Q

Incisions

A

cuts caused by sharp-edged objects

159
Q

Lacerations

A

tear-liked wounds caused by blunt instrument

160
Q

Puncture

A

deep wounds caused by pointy objects

161
Q

Penetration

A

pierce through skin deep

162
Q

Hematoma

A

collection of blood outside blood vessel

163
Q

Petechia

A

hematoma that are small spots from broken capillaries

164
Q

Ecchymosis

A

hematoma larger than 1 centimeter and flat

165
Q

Concussion

A

traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt

166
Q

Gunshot wound (GSW)

A

physical trauma caused by a projectile from a firearm

167
Q

Cavitation

A

degree of tissue disruption caused by a projectile

168
Q

Fatal wound

A

mortal wound ultimately leading to a person’s death

169
Q

Incentive-Sensitization Theory

A

posits that drugs sensitize a part of the brain motivating a drug user due to physiological state induced by drug, it is a reward

170
Q

Neuroadaptations

A

makes brain circuits hypersensitive in a way that pathological levels of incentive motivation for a drug last for years

171
Q

Dopamine

A

the happy hormone, a neurotransmitter that spikes in anticipation of pleasure

172
Q

Methamphetamine

A

causes dopamine rush, but permanently damages brain cognitive centers

173
Q

Opioids

A

like cocaine, release dopamine, repeated exposure causes brain imbalances, leading to substance use disorder with withdrawal effects

174
Q

Marijuana

A

an organic drug that causes impaired verbal learning and psychomotor functions

175
Q

Drug-defined

A

crimes as a result of use, distribution, or manufacture

176
Q

Use-related

A

includes violent behavior resulting from drug effects

177
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

depressants used as a sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxants

178
Q

Temazepam and midazolam

A

used for date rape

179
Q

Flunitrazepam

A

strong amnesia-producing effects

180
Q

Limbic System

A

the emotional brain, containing thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

181
Q

Thalamus

A

responsible for sensory and motor integration

182
Q

Hypothalamus

A

pea-sized and located at base of brain, controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, appetite

183
Q

Amygdala

A

critical processor for rage and fear

184
Q

Insanity

A

an exemptor from criminal liability

185
Q

Mental Disorders

A

clinically recognizable sets of symptoms or behaviors associated with mental distress

186
Q

Competency to Stand Trial

A

incompetency is not a defense, it merely postpones the trial until competency comes around

187
Q

Schizophrenia

A

a chronic mental disorder affecting 20 million people worldwide in which people interpret reality abnormally through hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking

188
Q

Delusions

A

characterized by unshakeable beliefs such as persecution, surveillance, suspicion, obsessive or false love, guilt, nihilism, and delusions of grandeur

189
Q

Hallucinations

A

sensory experiences that appear real but created by mind, can be visual or olfactory or auditory

190
Q

Catatonia

A

psychomotor syndrome characterized by unusual behavioral and movement disturbances

191
Q

Intelligence

A

general mental capacity involving reasoning, planning, problem-solving, abstract thinking, and comprehension

192
Q

Intellectual disability

A

significant cognitive deficits established by standardized measures of intelligence, usually IQ score below 70; comprise 2-3% of population

193
Q

Supports Intensity Scale (SIS)

A

framework that focuses on intensity of supports needed to help an individual live a normal life

194
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Trisomy 21, the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability occuring once every 700 live births; a person born with an extra copy of chromosome 21 (47 chromosomes instead of 46)

195
Q

Organic Mental Disorder

A

dysfunction of the brain that is neuroocognitive, not psychiatric in nature

196
Q

Stroke

A

a compilation of a cerebrovascular disease, third leading cause of death in the Philippines

197
Q

Personality disorders

A

pervasive thinking patterns caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors

198
Q

Paranoia

A

when people always suspect others are planning to exploit, deceive, or harm them without evidence

199
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

no desire for close relationships

200
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disoder

A

florid departure from reality, no relationships, superstitious

201
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

exploitative, reckless, victimize, impulsive, reckless

202
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

intolerance of being alone, frantic abandonment issues

203
Q

Histronic Personality Disorder

A

use physical appearance provocatively to gain attention of others, always need to be center of attention

204
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

self-esteem issues, chasing praise, extreme self-importance

205
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

intense feelings of inadequacy and conflict avoidance

206
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

loss of autonomy, extreme anxiety

207
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A

need to always be in conrol, perfectionists

208
Q

Phenotype

A

observable physical or biochemical characteristics such as height, skin color, body habitus, and biological sex

209
Q

Marriage

A

a special contract of permanent union between a man and a womn

210
Q

Genotypic sex

A

a person’s two sex chromosomes, the last pair in the karyotype

211
Q

XY

A

male chromosomes

212
Q

XX

A

female chromosomes

213
Q

Gametogenesis

A

process by which normal somatic cells contain a diploid number of chromosomes are converted to specialized reproductive cells called gametes

214
Q

Sexually dimorphic characteristics

A

exclusive to a specific sex

215
Q

Intersex

A

about 1 in 20,000 phenotypic males have no Y chromosome (0.02%-0.05% of births); refers to a person born with male and female biological traits

216
Q

4 categories of a intersex

A

46 XX, 46 XY, True gonadal, Complex

217
Q

46 XX Intersex

A

female genotype with uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries but clitoris enlarged and resembles penis

218
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

A

most common type of 46 XX intersex condition, decreases production of cortisol

219
Q

46 XY Intersex

A

have external genitals completely female

220
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)

A

genetically male but failure to develop external male genitalia resulting in female phenotype

221
Q

5-alpha-reductase deficiency

A

children have Y-chromosome and male organs at birth, externally they look female and are thus raised as girls; around puberty, male hormones kick in

222
Q

True Gonadal Intersex

A

both ovarian and testicular tissues; both organs

223
Q

Complex or Undetermined Intersex

A

many chromosome configurations may result in Turner’s Syndrome, Klinefelter’s Syndrome, or chromosomal mosaicism

224
Q

Turner’s Syndrome

A

absence of X chromosome cause sshort stature, female phenotype, undeveloped ovaries, webbed neck

225
Q

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

A

most common, male hypogonadism, infertility, breast enlargement in men

226
Q

Gender

A

social construct of characteristics in men and women

227
Q

Gender identity

A

a person’s deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender

228
Q

Gender incongruence

A

one’s gender identity does not match with sex assigned at birth

229
Q

Transwoman

A

person whose biological sex at birth is male, but female gender identity

230
Q

Gender dysphoria

A

a strong desire to be another gender

231
Q

Transexual

A

people with gender identity inconsistent with assigned sex, seeking to permanently transition through medical assistance (subset of transgender)

232
Q

Hormone Therapy

A

treatment used for gender realignment, either through estrogen (feminization)

233
Q

Phalloplasty

A

artificially constructed penis

234
Q

Sexual orientation

A

an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction

235
Q

Fraternal Birth Order (FBO) Effect

A

a prenatal bioogical mechanism suggesting that later order of birth increases probability to be gay

236
Q

Maternal Immunization Hypothesis

A

Y-proteins during pregnancy cause gayness

237
Q

Christiane Volling

A

successfully sued for damages due to non-consensual surgical intervention

238
Q

People v. Batulan:

A

Nicolas Gonzales and his sons were socializing when gunshots were heard, hitting Adolfo. Accused Virgilio Batulan was seen pointing a rifle at them. Despite the defense’s claim of impossibility for Nicolas to see them, the Supreme Court (SC) held that slight discrepancies between the affidavit and eyewitness report will not discredit the testimony. The Batulans were found guilty.

239
Q

People v. Reforma:

A

Zenaida Damian and brothers had stalls in Balintawak Market. Virgilio Reforma, an in-law, stabbed Nazario Damian during a fight. SC found Reforma guilty of homicide based on the evidence of the bolo, commotion, and positive testimonies of witnesses regarding the stabbing.

240
Q

People v. Espinosa:

A

Complainant Andy Merto shouted threats at petitioner Espinosa’s house. When Merto hurled a stone, Espinosa retaliated with a bolo scabbard, continuously mauling Merto. Convicted of serious physical injuries, Espinosa’s complete self-defense claim was denied by the SC, as the force used was considered unjustified.

241
Q

People v. Mayingque:

A

Appellants were found guilty of murdering Edgardo during a drinking session. Despite their plea of self-defense, SC did not give credence, pointing to Edgardo’s 12 wounds as strong evidence of intent to kill.

242
Q

People v. Medina (1933):

A

Medina broke into the Rockwells’ residence, stealing watches. Fingerprint comparison led to his guilt, with SC affirming that fingerprint evidence is admissible for proving identity.

243
Q

Lee v. People:

A

Lee, an Allied Bank employee, was accused of forging signatures in manager’s checks. SC disregarded Lee’s suspicions of PNP Crime Lab examiners, citing insufficient evidence.

244
Q

People v. Vallejo:

A

Gerrico Vallejo was convicted for the rape-slay of Daisy Diolola, with blood and DNA evidence confirming his guilt.

245
Q

Menciano v. San Jose:

A

In the settlement of Faustino’s estate, Menciano claimed to be the widow with legitimate children. SC ruled that Faustino Jr. is conclusively presumed to be the legitimate son, rejecting the impotency claim.

246
Q

Jimenez v. Canizares:

A

Joel Jimenez sought annulment, claiming Remedios Canizares’ genital condition made copulation impossible. SC reversed the annulment, emphasizing the need for indubitable evidence.

247
Q

Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA:

A

An annulment was granted due to the senseless refusal to fulfill marital obligations, equating it to psychological incapacity.

248
Q

Buccat v. Buccat:

A

Plaintiff sought annulment, claiming fraud about defendant’s virginity. The court rejected the implausible claim, considering the evidence of advanced pregnancy during the marriage.

249
Q

Aquino v. Delizo

A

Aquino filed for annulment, alleging his wife concealed pregnancy by his brother. Trial court dismissed it, but SC allowed the annulment, noting the early-stage pregnancy and the wife’s naturally plump stature as factors supporting the claim.

250
Q

People v. Adalia

A

Giralyn Adalia faced infanticide charges after her baby was found in a creek. The SC affirmed her conviction, emphasizing the elements of infanticide: a killed child less than three days old, where the accused killed the child.

251
Q

Tijing v. CA

A

Bienvenida sought habeas corpus to recover her son Edgardo Jr. SC upheld the habeas corpus, emphasizing the proper remedy and facial similarity findings, supporting the mother’s claim.

252
Q

Jao v. CA (1987)

A

Janice Marie Jao filed for recognition and support against Perico Jao. Despite blood grouping test results, indicating Janice couldn’t be Perico’s child, SC upheld the admissibility of blood grouping tests, denying the petition.

253
Q

Herrera v. Alba

A

Rosendo Alba filed for recognition, support, and damages against Rosendo Herrera. The SC affirmed the motion for DNA paternity testing, emphasizing no legal obstacle to DNA analysis’s admissibility.

254
Q

Agustin v. CA

A

Respondents sued Arnel Agustin for support, compelling him to take a paternity test. SC ruled in favor, citing the right to privacy not hindering scientific advancements and recognizing DNA testing as an equalizer for ostracized progeny.

255
Q

Lucas v. Lucas

A

Jesse Lucas filed petition to establish illegitimate filiation
No name in Jesse’s certificate of live birth, but Jesus Lucas gave support for first 2 years
SC found petition for filiation sufficient in substance and granted petition to submit to DNA testing

256
Q

People v. Morales

A

Petitioner Morales raped his daughter Maria. Maria gave birth to a baby girl. An hour after birth, petitioner took the baby away, buried her alive, and lit a fire over the grave to camouflage it. The Court, upon automatic review, affirmed the RTC ruling. It held that though the RTC erred in appreciating evident premeditation, the penalty should still be death because there were two other aggravating circumstances (superior strength and nighttime), and only the plea of guilty as a mitigating circumstance

257
Q

People v. Amarela

A

AAA said that she was raped two times five hours apart by two different persons.
After a careful review of the records and a closer scrutiny of AAA’s testimony, reasonable doubt lingers as the Court is not fully convinced that AAA was telling the truth.
The following circumstances, particularly, would cast doubt as to the credibility of her testimony:
(1) the version of AAA’s story appearing in her affidavit-complaint differs materially from her testimony in court;
(2) AAA could not have easily identified Amarela because the crime scene was dark and she only saw him for the first time;
(3) her testimony lacks material details on how she was brought under the two feet high stage against her will; and
(4) the medical findings do not corroborate physical injuries and are inconclusive of any signs of forced entry.
Lacerations indicate there could have been consensual intercourse

258
Q

People v. Rupal

A

AAA alleged that she was raped by the accused on 15th December 2005. AAA submitted herself into medical examination and the doctor who examined her remarked that the laceration at the vaginal opening could have been caused by the forcible entry of a hard object, possibly, a male genitalia. The Supreme Court held that the findings of the doctor support the testimony of AAA that she was raped.

259
Q

Bangayan v. People

A

In this case, SC affirmed statutory rape of a 12-year old but said it was outweighed by importande of nuclear family (she consented)

Medical Jurisprudence (1 decks)

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