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Science Test Astronomy > All Things > Flashcards

All Things Flashcards

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1
Q

Rotation vs revolution

A

Revolution is moving around something, rotation is something rotating on its axis

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2
Q

Equinox vs solstice

A

Summer and winter solstices are the lognest and shortest days of the year, equinoxs are when the night and day are the same length

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3
Q

Polar Constellations
which can be seen from canada
which can be seen year round

A

Seen from Canada: Cassiopeia, Cancer, Virgo
Seen year round from Canada: Draco, Cassiopeia, Ursa Major/Minor

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4
Q

Zodiac constellations

A

Aries (March 21 – April 19)
Taurus (April 20 – May 20)
Gemini (May 21 – June 20)
Cancer (June 21 – July 22)
Leo (July 23 – August 22)
Virgo (August 23 – September 22)
Libra (September 23 – October 22)
Scorpio (October 23 – November 21)
Sagittarius (November 22 – December 21)
Capricorn (December 22 – January 19)
Aquarius (January 20 – February 18)
Pisces (February 19 – March 20)

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5
Q

star map one

A

Get your star map and look at it

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6
Q

meteors/meteorites/asteroids

A

Asteriods: Greek word meaning starlike
Meteors: thing high up in the sky
Meteorites: a meteor that hits Earth

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7
Q

catergorize gas giants/terrestrials
composition
density

A

Gas giant composition: hydrogen, helium, some methane
Terrestrial composition: rocks, silicate, water, and/or carbon
Gas giants are less dense than terrestrials

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8
Q

people
copernicus
galileo
kepler
brahe
hetzsprung russell - diagram
drake

A

Copernicus: first proposed that the Earth orbits the sun and the Earth spins on its own axis approx. once per day
Galileo: made the first telescope (refracting)
Kepler: found many exoplanets, proposed the 3 laws of planetary motion
Brahe: Discovered a supernova in the Cassiopeia constellation, observed elliptical orbit of a comet
HR diagram: made in 1910 by Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell
Drake equation: created in 1961 by Frank Drake

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9
Q

retrogade motion

A

Rotates in a way that is unusual

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10
Q

tides
during the solar eclipse spring tides

A

Spring tides are when the sun and moon are aligned causing strong tides
Neap tides are when they are not aligned causing weaker tides
Spring tides occur during solar eclipses

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11
Q

redshift/blueshift

A

Stars moving away from us are redshifted, and moving towards us are blueshifted

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12
Q

2 standard candles

A

cepheid variable stars and type 1A supernovas

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13
Q

outerlayers of the sun
name purpose

A

Corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convecction zone, radiation zone, core

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14
Q

super novas

A

Giant explosion after a star dies

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15
Q

neutron stars

A

Collapsed core of a massive super giant star with a total mass between 10 and 25 solar masses

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16
Q

black holes

A

An astronomical object that has a gravitational pull so strong that nothing - not even light - can escape it

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17
Q

main sequence stars

A

Our universe isn’t old enough that’s why most of the stars are found along the Main Sequence.

18
Q

red giant stars

A

Uses hydrogen for fuel

19
Q

white dwarfs

A

Phase after red giant where the star has exhasuted all its nuclear fuel
Only the hot core remains

20
Q

pulsar

A

Neutron stars that send electromagnetic signals toward Earth in millisecond intervals

21
Q

quasar

A

Quasi stellar radio sources
Happens when a black hole has debris around it then the debris falls into it, causing it to turn into a sort of particle accelerator

22
Q

OBAFGKM

A

O is hottest, M is coolest, our Sun is G

23
Q

star clusters
open
globular
properties on the chart

A

Open: few hundred very old stars, 10-30 ly across, scattered around the galactic center
Globular: thousands to millions of stars, that are 10-30 million years old, nearly always in the spiral arms, with a diameter of 30 ly

24
Q

dark matter

A

Theorized to be a particle yet to be discovered

25
Q

telescopes
hubble
kepler
wmap

A

Hubble: outside of the atmosphere to avoid light pollution from the Earth
Kepler: looks for exoplanets
WMAP: measured temperature differences across the sky in the cosmic microwave background – the radiant heat remaining from the Big Bang

26
Q

polaris

A

Brightest star in the night sky
In the little dipper

27
Q

seasons
key to life?

A

Having seasons means a planet is rotating at an angle

28
Q

photoperiod

A

How long there is light

29
Q

phases of moon

A

New moon -> waxing cresent -> first quarter -> waxing gibbous -> full moon -> waning gibbous -> third quarter ->waning cresent

30
Q

eclipse lunar and solar

A

Lunar eclipse: When the earth is between the sun a moon causing the moon to turn dark but the light is red shifted causing the moon to seem red
Solar eclipse: the moon goes infront of the sun causing it to go completely dark

31
Q

comets

A

Chunks of frozen matter that orbit the Sun in a very long elliptical path

32
Q

age of
earth
solar system
universe

A

Earth: 5.6 billion
Solar system 5.6 billion
Universe 13.7 billion

33
Q

KM
AU
LY

A

Km: Solar system
Au: Longer distances still in our solar system
Ly: Anywhere outside our solar system

34
Q

Tidal cycles

A

Neap tides: low tides
Spring tides: high tides

35
Q

gravity waves

A

travel at the speed of causality

36
Q

baseline + paralllax

A

Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight which can help figure out how far away it is (ie looking at something at a distance from one eye then another and then changing positions)
Baseline is an imaginary line from which the distance to an object: This can help with making parallax more exact

37
Q

prominences
flares
auroras
sunspots

A

Flares are bursts from the sun
Prominences are circles
Auroras are caused by flares
Sunspots are slightly cooler magnetic fields on the sun that appear very very dark

38
Q

nebulas bright and dark

A

Dark nebulae are dark clouds of gas and dust that obscure the objects behind it
Bright nebulae: Planetary nebula, any of a class of bright nebulae that are expanding shells of luminous gas expelled by dying stars

39
Q

galaxies
spiral
elliptical
irregular

A

Elliptical: old, rarely form new stars
Spiral: interstellar matter, full of new and young stars
Irregular: have no definite outline, likely formed as the result of a collision of 2 or more galaxies

40
Q

how do refracting and optical telescopes work

A

Refracting: lens
Opticial: mirror

41
Q

what should a space elevator be made of

A

carbon nanotube

42
Q

exoplanets - how to find them

A

Wink (photometric)
Wobble (radial velocity)

Science Test Astronomy (1 decks)

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