All them viruses Flashcards
Picornaviruses
Positive Strand Viruses
Naked, 12 pentamer virion
-Rhinovirus, Hepatitis A, & Enteroviruses (Polio & Coxsackievirus)
Flaviviruses
Positive Strand Viruses
Enveloped, Icosahedral, non-segmented
-Flavivirus, Hepatitis C
Togaviridae Viruses
Positive Strand Viruses
Enveloped, icosahedral, non-segmented, produce full-length & sub-genomic length RNA
-Rubella, Alpha Viruses (EEEV, WEEV, Chikungunya)
Corona Viruses
Positive Strand Viruses
Enveloped, Resp/GI spread, non-segmented, helical, #2 cause of URI after Rhinoviruses.
-SARS, MERS
Calcivirus
Positive Strand Viruses
Naked, icosahedral, non-segmented, VERY stable.
-Norovirus, Hepatitis E
Rhinovirus
(+) Strand, Picornavirus
#1 cause of URT, oronasal entry, sensitive to acid (GI)
ICAM-1 & LDLr receptors (alcohol decreases ICAM expression)
Weak immune response & >140 strains.
Hepatitis A
(+) Strand, Picornavirus Highly stable. Fecal:oral, food borne. Acute, not chronic. No Tx, good vaccine. Worse in adults -> icteric. Disease: hepatitis caused by CD8+ t-cells attacking hepatocytes. CTL. Elevated ALT, IgM for acute disease.
Polio
(+) Strand, Picornavirus - Enterovirus
Attack motor end-plate. Flaccid paralysis - poliomyelitis.
No tx, good vaccine. Trivalent
Coxsackie
(+) Strand, Picornavirus - Enterovirus
Coxsackie A - Hand, foot, mouth disease
Coxcackie B - Bornholm’s Disease (myalgia)
Flavivirus Genus
(+) Strand, Flavivirus Group
Arborvirus
Encephalitis: WNV (#1 virus), St. Louis Encephlitis
Hemorrhagic Fever: Yellow Fever - aedes aegypti, Dengue - DHF/DSS occurs in those with previous exposure, lethal.
Hepatitis C
(+) Strand, Flavivirus - Hepacvirus
Chronic, IV transmission.
Tx: 95% effective.
Hepatocyte destruction mediated CD8+ Tcells
Alpha Togaviridae Viruses
(+) Strand, Togaviridae Viruses
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine Encephalitis Virus, Chikungunya
Arborvirus via mesquito. Mild fever to encephalitis
Rubella
(+) Strand, Togaviridae Viruses
3rd exanthem. Intrauterine, respiratory spread. Congenital defects.
Tx: no antiviral, but MMR
SARS / MERS
(+) Strand, Corona Virus
SARS: horseshoe bats. High mortality. Fever, cough, SOB, headache, viral pneumonia. Destroys alveoli, syncytia.
MERS: bats. Similar Sx.
Norovirus
"Norwalk & Norwalk-like" (+) Strand, Caliciviruses Naked, icosahedral, non-segmented, VERY stable. F:O, foodborne, P2P. #1 cause of nonbacterial diarrhea.
Hepatitis E
(+) Strand, Caliciviruses
In developing countries, acute hepatitis. Not chronic.
Orthomyxoviruses
(-) Strand
Segmented genome (8), helical capsid, enveloped
-Influenza A-C
Paramyxoviruses
(-) Strand
Non-segmented, helical capsid, enveloped.
-Mumps, measles, Parainfluenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Metapneumovirus
Influenza A-C
(-) Strand, Orthomyxovirus
Mumps
(-) Strand, Paramyxovirus
Forms good immunity. Swelling in cheeks and under jaw. Orchitis. Paratoditis. MMR.
Measles
(-) Strand, Paramyxovirus
Rubeola - 1st exanthem.
Koplik spots. MMR.
Parainfluenza Virus 1-4
(-) Strand, Paramyxovirus
Mild URI for 4.
Serious URI 1-3. Short lived immunity
Leading cause of Croup cough.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
(-) Strand, Paramyxovirus
Bronchiolitis in Lower Respiratory Tract. Kills infected epithelial cells.
Metapneumovirus
(-) Strand, Paramyxovirus
Rabies
(-) Strand, Rhabdoviridae Negri bodies, inclusion bodies. Bite - Muscle replication - nerves - DRG replication - brain. 99% fatal if not treated. Incubation 20d-1yr
Rhabdoviridae
(-) Strand
Enveloped, bullet shaped, helical
-Rabies, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
Reoviridae Viruses
(-) Strand
Naked, icosahedral, segmented, dsRNA
Bunyaviruses
(-) Strand
Zoonoses. Enveloped, segmented (L,M,S), helical capsule
-Hanta Virus
Sin Nombre, Sin Nombre-like, La Crosse
(-) Strand, Bunyaviru - Hanta virus
Encephalitis. Mice vector. Dead end host.
La Crosse - arborvirus
Rotavirus, Reovirus
(-) Strand, Reoviridae Virus #1 cause gastroentiritis in children. Damages and replicates in GI epithelium
HSV-1
DNA Virus - Herpes. Herpes Simplex Virus 1
Multinucleated giant cells & inclusion bodies
Tx: acyclovir, foscarnet. Nucleoside analogs
Trigeminal ganglion latency
HSV-2
DNA Virus - Herpes. Herpes Simplex Virus 2
Less prevalent than HSV-1
Treat with nucleoside analog. Resistant to acyclovir in immunocompromised Pt - use Foscarnet.
Spinal ganglion latency
Varicella Zoster Virus (VCV)
DNA Virus - Herpes
Chickenpox & Zoster (shingles)
Replicates in Macrophages & pneumocytes
Ebstein Barr Virus (EBV)
DNA Virus - Herpes.
Infects oropharynx, moves to Bcells where it replicates & also is latent (swollen LN, spleen). Reactivation in oropharynx
Primary: fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, atypical lymphocytes (tcells), monospot positive
Reactivation: usually Asx, shedding occurs
No Tx, Vaccine
Cytomegalovirus
DNA Virus - Herpes
STI, mucosal. Primary Sx: like mono, negative heterophile, more visceral adenopathy
#1 infection cause of congenital birth difects
Immune impairment: retinitis, GI ulcers, pneumonia, encephalitis
Tx: Ganciclovir
Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6)
DNA Virus - Herpes
Latency in Tcells, monocytes, macrophages
Roseola (6th exanthem), fever
Tx usually not necessary
Human Herpes Virus 7 (HHV-7)
DNA Virus - Herpes
Similar to HHV-6, can cause roseola
Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8)
DNA Virus - Herpes
STI associated with AIDS. Latency in Bcells; infects Bcells, endothelium, nn., monocytes. Shed in saliva, semen.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma!
Immune suppression: Castleman’s, Bcell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma
BK Virus
DNA Virus - Polyoma Virus
Infections & latency in kidney, CNS, bone marrow
Systemic, usually Asx
Causes Urinary Tract Infections
JC Virus
DNA Virus - Polyoma Virus
Infections & latency in kidney, CNS, bone marrow
Systemic, usually Asx
Causes PML: progressive multifocal leuckoencephalopathy White matter only.
Small Pox
DNA Virus - Pox virus
Pearly, painless, umbilicated lesions.
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
DNA Virus
Koilocytosis CPE
