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THE HUMAN HEART > ALL THE THINGS > Flashcards

ALL THE THINGS Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers and chambers does the heart have?

A

3 layers, 4 chambers

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2
Q

The right atrium receives what kind of blood and how?

A

deoxygenated blood from the body through the coronary sinus, SVC and IVC

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3
Q

Where does the right atrium pump blood for oxygenation?

A

to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary trunk and its two branches, the pulmonary arteries

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4
Q

Where does the left atrium receive blood from and what kind?

A

well oxygenated blood from the lungs through the 4 pulmonary veins and pumps it into the ascending aorta for distribution to the body

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5
Q

What are the 8 stages of embryonic development for the heart?

A

epiblasts
primitive streak
primary heart field
secondary heart field

2 heart tubes –> to 1 heart tube
folding
looping
partitioning to the primitive chambers

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6
Q

What are the 5 segments of the segmented heart tube formed in week 4 of development?

A

From top to bottom:

truncus arteriosus
bulbus (conus) cordis
primitive ventricle
primitive atrium
sinus venosus
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7
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the heart?

A

Sternocostal, posterior, and diaphragmatic surface

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8
Q

How many borders does the heart have?

A

4

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9
Q

Where is the superior heart border?

A

from 3rd Rt. CC to 2nd Lt. CC

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10
Q

Where is the inferior border of the heart?

A

from 6th CC Rt. Atrium) to AB,

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11
Q

Where is the right border of the heart?

A

from 3rd Rt. CC to 6th Rt. CC (both Rt. Atrium)

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12
Q

Where is the left border of the heart?

A

from 2nd LT CC (Rt. Auricle) to AB,

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13
Q

What is the fibrous heart skeleton formed from and when?

A

cardiac jelly in the embryo

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14
Q

What does the fibrous skeleton of the hart consist of?

A

4 rings, 2 trigones, inter-atrial, septum, inter ventricular septum, tendon of todaro, and supraventricular crest

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15
Q

What are the functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A

keep valves open and not overstretched (competence)

attachment points for the myocardium

electrical and histological insulation to atria and ventricles

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16
Q

What does each chamber of the heart have in terms of texture?

A

a smooth and rough part

17
Q

What are common features visible in the right atrium

A 
crista terminalis/SA node
Pectinate
fossa ovalis
tendon of Todaro
Triangle of Koch
18
Q

What is significant about the triangle of Koch? What important thing is here?

A

AV NODE!

19
Q

What forms the triangle of Koch?

A

tendon of todaro

attachment of septal leaflet of tricuspid valve

anteromedial margin of orifice of coronary sinus

20
Q

What are some important features of the right ventricle?

A 
conus arteriosus
trabeculae carnea
chordae tendineae
Moderator Band
Papillary muscle
21
Q

What forms the base of the heart?

A

the left ventricle

22
Q

What are some common features in the left ventricle?

A

chordae tendineae

Papillary muscles

23
Q

Is the left ventricular wall thicker than the right?

A

YES! 3 TIMES AS THICK! PUMPS BLOOD EVERYWHERE!

24
Q

What are the two papillary muscles called and what are their functions?

A

mitral and tricuspid PM

timing of contractions

25
Q

What does the papillary muscle prevent the ventricular valves from during?

A

prolapsing into the atria

26
Q

How many cardiac valves?What are their names?

A

2 atrioventricular vavles and 2 semilunar

Pulmonary
Aortic
Mitral
Tricuspid

27
Q

What is the anatomical location of each valve?

A

P - 3rd CC
A - 3rd ICS (Intercostal Space?)
M - 4th CC
T - 4th ICS

28
Q

What are the auscultation sites for the valves of the heart?

A

P - 2nd left ICS
A - 2nd right ICS
M - cardiac apex (5th left ICS MCL)

T - right inferior most ST (5th right ICS)

29
Q

Normal heart valves produce sounds when they —

A

close

30
Q

How are the heart sound waves produced?

A

direction of blood flow and direction of the valves (gates)

31
Q

What is the first heart sound?

A

S1: closure of A-V valves at beginning of systole

2 components: M1 and T1

32
Q

What is the second heart sound?

A

closure of the semilunar valves at the beginning of diastole

2 components A2 and P2

THE HUMAN HEART (1 decks)

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