ALL THE THINGS Flashcards
How many layers and chambers does the heart have?
3 layers, 4 chambers
The right atrium receives what kind of blood and how?
deoxygenated blood from the body through the coronary sinus, SVC and IVC
Where does the right atrium pump blood for oxygenation?
to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary trunk and its two branches, the pulmonary arteries
Where does the left atrium receive blood from and what kind?
well oxygenated blood from the lungs through the 4 pulmonary veins and pumps it into the ascending aorta for distribution to the body
What are the 8 stages of embryonic development for the heart?
epiblasts
primitive streak
primary heart field
secondary heart field
2 heart tubes –> to 1 heart tube
folding
looping
partitioning to the primitive chambers
What are the 5 segments of the segmented heart tube formed in week 4 of development?
From top to bottom:
truncus arteriosus bulbus (conus) cordis primitive ventricle primitive atrium sinus venosus
What are the 3 surfaces of the heart?
Sternocostal, posterior, and diaphragmatic surface
How many borders does the heart have?
4
Where is the superior heart border?
from 3rd Rt. CC to 2nd Lt. CC
Where is the inferior border of the heart?
from 6th CC Rt. Atrium) to AB,
Where is the right border of the heart?
from 3rd Rt. CC to 6th Rt. CC (both Rt. Atrium)
Where is the left border of the heart?
from 2nd LT CC (Rt. Auricle) to AB,
What is the fibrous heart skeleton formed from and when?
cardiac jelly in the embryo
What does the fibrous skeleton of the hart consist of?
4 rings, 2 trigones, inter-atrial, septum, inter ventricular septum, tendon of todaro, and supraventricular crest
What are the functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
keep valves open and not overstretched (competence)
attachment points for the myocardium
electrical and histological insulation to atria and ventricles
What does each chamber of the heart have in terms of texture?
a smooth and rough part
What are common features visible in the right atrium
crista terminalis/SA node Pectinate fossa ovalis tendon of Todaro Triangle of Koch
What is significant about the triangle of Koch? What important thing is here?
AV NODE!
What forms the triangle of Koch?
tendon of todaro
attachment of septal leaflet of tricuspid valve
anteromedial margin of orifice of coronary sinus
What are some important features of the right ventricle?
conus arteriosus trabeculae carnea chordae tendineae Moderator Band Papillary muscle
What forms the base of the heart?
the left ventricle
What are some common features in the left ventricle?
chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles
Is the left ventricular wall thicker than the right?
YES! 3 TIMES AS THICK! PUMPS BLOOD EVERYWHERE!
What are the two papillary muscles called and what are their functions?
mitral and tricuspid PM
timing of contractions
What does the papillary muscle prevent the ventricular valves from during?
prolapsing into the atria
How many cardiac valves?What are their names?
2 atrioventricular vavles and 2 semilunar
Pulmonary
Aortic
Mitral
Tricuspid
What is the anatomical location of each valve?
P - 3rd CC
A - 3rd ICS (Intercostal Space?)
M - 4th CC
T - 4th ICS
What are the auscultation sites for the valves of the heart?
P - 2nd left ICS
A - 2nd right ICS
M - cardiac apex (5th left ICS MCL)
T - right inferior most ST (5th right ICS)
Normal heart valves produce sounds when they —
close
How are the heart sound waves produced?
direction of blood flow and direction of the valves (gates)
What is the first heart sound?
S1: closure of A-V valves at beginning of systole
2 components: M1 and T1
What is the second heart sound?
closure of the semilunar valves at the beginning of diastole
2 components A2 and P2
