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TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TREE > ALL THE THINGS > Flashcards

ALL THE THINGS Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract (URI)?

A

Nose –> larynx –> vocal cords

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2
Q

What is the sub laryngeal airway known as?

A

the tracheobroncheal tree

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3
Q

Where does the trachea divide?

A

at the level of the manubro sternal angle of Louis into two primary/principal/main/first order bronchi

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4
Q

Describe the right main bronchus

A

shorter, wider, and straighter

more in line with the trachea

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5
Q

Describe the left main bronchus

A

longer, narrower, and more oblique

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6
Q

Where does the trachea lie in relation to the larynx?

A

inferior

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7
Q

The main/PRIMARY/ principal bronchi enter the lung hila and branch regurlarly within the substance of the lung to form what?

A

the bronchial tree

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8
Q

Each primary bronchus divides into what?

A

secondary/lobar bronchi — 3 on the right and 2 on the left

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9
Q

Each secondary/lobar bronchus divides into what?

A

tertiary/segmental bronchi — 10 on each side

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10
Q

The tertiary bronchi supply what with air?

A

bronchopulmonary segments

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11
Q

What structures follow the tertiary bronchi?

A

bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs

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12
Q

What are the important anterior relations of the trachea?

A

skin, fascia, strap muscles, thyroid isthmus, inferior thyroid vessesl, jugular venous arch, jugular notch

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13
Q

What are the important lateral relations of the trachea?

A

carotid sheath, thyroid lobes, brachiocephalic trunk (Rt.), azygos arch (Rt.), aortic arch (Lt.)

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14
Q

What are the important posterior relations of the trachea?

A

Esophagus, Recurrent laryngeal nerve (R.L.N.), thoracic duct, vertebral column.

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15
Q

What tracheal relation is described as the most sensitive part and is a landmark in bronchoscopy?

A

the Carina

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16
Q

Foreign bodies tend to favor (go into) which bronchus?

A

right

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17
Q

What is the smallest surgically resectable unit of lung tissue?

A

bronchopulmonary segment

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18
Q

The lungs are respiratory organs that are?

A

Light
Elastic
Soft
Spongy

L.E.S.S.

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19
Q

Where is the apex of the lungs located?

A

above the 1st rib

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20
Q

Where is the base of the lungs located?

A

the diaphragm

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21
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the lung?

A

sternocostal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic

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22
Q

What are the 3 borders of the lungs?

A

anterior, posterior (vertebral), and inferior

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23
Q

How many lung fissures are there on the right side?

A

2

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24
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

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25
Q

How many fissures are there on the left side?

A

1 which divide this side into superior and inferior lobes

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26
Q

Where does the oblique fissure run?

A

along the 6th rib

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27
Q

Where does the horizontal fissure run?

A

runs from the oblique fissure at the MAL to the 4th rib anteriorly

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28
Q

How does the obliquity of the oblique fissure affect the appearance of the lobes?

A

it makes the superior lobe appear largely anterior and the inferior lobe posteriorly

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29
Q

Both lungs are shaped —

A

conically/pyramidally

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30
Q

Both lungs have a texture that is —

A

light, elastic, soft, and spongy

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31
Q

Both lungs have how many surfaces?

A

3

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32
Q

Both lungs have how many borders?

A

3

33
Q

Both lungs have an apex that?

A

juts into the neck root

34
Q

Both lungs have a base that?

A

sits on the thoracic diaphragm

35
Q

Do both lungs have the same number of lobes/fissures?

A

no

36
Q

Do both lungs have an aparterial bronchus?

A

No! this is only in the right lung

37
Q

Which lung is heaver?

A

right

38
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments (BPSs) are present in each lung?

A

10

39
Q

In the right lung, how many BPSs are in the upper lobe?

A

3 (apical/superior, posterior, anterior —- APA)

40
Q

In the right lung, how many BPSs are in the middle lobe?

A

2 (medial and lateral — M&L)

41
Q

In the right lung how many BPSs are in the lower lobe?

A

5 (posterior, superior/apical, anterior, lateral, medial — PSALM)

42
Q

In the right lung, the lower lobe is combo of what?

A

the upper and middle lobes

43
Q

How are the BPSs arranged in the left lung?

A

similarly, except the upper and middle lobes of the right lung are combined in the left, with medial and lateral BPSs replaced with SUPERIOR and INFERIOR lingular BPSs

44
Q

Quick Acronyms to remember the BPSs in both lungs!

A

RIGHT:

APA LM SAMPL (a palm sample)

LEFT:

APASI SAMPL (a pas is ampl — read as “A pass is ample”)

45
Q

The tracheobronchial vasculature branches from?

A

the inferior thyroid (upper 2/3) and bronchial arteries (lower 1/3) and forms an anastomosis on the trachea (connect here)

46
Q

The corresponding veins of the tracheobronchial vasculature drain where?

A

into the inferior thyroid venous plexus

47
Q

Where does lymph from the trachea drain?

A

into the pre-, para-tracheal, and inferior deep cervical nodes

48
Q

Where are the bronchial arteries?

A

branches that begin from the descending thoracic aorta

49
Q

How may bronchial arteries are there?

A

3!

1 to the right and 2 to the left

50
Q

The 2 bronchial arteries on the left are direct branches of what?

A

the descending thoracic aorta

51
Q

The right bronchial artery arises from where?

A

the 3rd posterior intercostal artery

52
Q

The pulmonary arteries only bring in blood to the lungs for ____ ____ , whereas the bronchial arteries do what?

A

gas exchange; the bronchial arteries supply the rest

53
Q

Most of the blood supplied by the bronchial arteries are returned via what?

A

the pulmonary veins

54
Q

The tracheobronchial area is innervated by the ANS through which nerves?

A

vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves

55
Q

The lungs have dual vasculature which means what?

A

pulmonary and bronchial artery and vein support

56
Q

If pulmonary thrombosis/embolism occurs slowly, what will happen to the vasculature of the lungs?

A

the bronchial arterial system will take over the entire system and gradually restore full lung function

57
Q

What are the branches of the descending thoracic aorta (DTA)?

A

BEST PIMP!

Bronchial
Esophageal
Subcostal
Tracheal

Pericardial
Intercostal
Mediastinal
Phrenic

58
Q

What are the 4 pulmonary veins?

A

Superior Right/Left and Inferior Right/Left

59
Q

Where do the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood?

A

left atrium of the heart

60
Q

Where do intrapulmonary bronchial veins drain?

A

into the pulmonary veins and left atrium

61
Q

Where do extra-pulmonary bronchial veins drain?

A

into systemic veins and the right atrium

62
Q

What is another name for the system veins?

A

azygous system of veins

63
Q

What are the two levels of lymphatic drainage in the TB tree and lungs?

A

superficial (sub-pleural) and deep (sub-mucosal)

64
Q

Superficial lymph drains into?

A

hilar (BP) nodes

65
Q

Deep lymph drains from what structures and where?

A

from the bronchial tree, pulmonary vessels, and connective tissue into pulmonary nodes first then into BP/hilar nodes

66
Q

The right lung and left lower lobe drain lymph where?

A

right superior tracheobronchial nodes

67
Q

Efferent lymphatic vessels carry lymph from where? Where do they drain?

A

tracheobronchial nodes; drain into the bronchomediastinal trunks

68
Q

Where does the bronchomediastinal trunk drain?

A

directly into the venous angle or the duct on its side

69
Q

How are the lungs and visceral pleura innervated autonomically?

A

by the pulmonary plexus at the root of each lung

70
Q

Where does the pulmonary plexus receive branches from?

A

the upper 4 cervical ganglia; left and right vagal nerves

71
Q

How are the lungs and the visceral pleura innervated sympathetically?

A

the sympathetic components come from the lateral horn neurons (pre-ganglionic) from T1-5; these synapse in the 3 cervical ganglia; post ganglionic fibers reach the cardiac and pulmonary plexus

72
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the lungs and visceral pleura allows what actions to occur?

A

bronchodilation and vasoconstriction

73
Q

The parasympathetic innervation of the lungs and visceral pleura comes from where?

A

the vagus nerves

74
Q

The parasympathetic innervation of the lungs and the visceral pleura allows what actions to occur?

A

bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, cough reflex, and secretomotor fibers

75
Q

What are some clinical applications and pathologies associated with the lungs?

A 
Foreign bodies in the TB tree
Needle/Tube thoracostomy
Thoracotomy
COPD
Asthma
76
Q

How does a foreign body pass through the trachea?

A

from the trachea into the right main bronchus

77
Q

If the foreign body is small enough, where will it go?

A

into the right lower lobe bronchus

78
Q

If a foreign body is too large, what may happen?

A

It may be unable to pass through the bronchus and may get stuck

79
Q

What is the name of the syndrome associated with the aspiration of liquids?

A

Mendelson’s Syndrome (aspirating vomit)

TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TREE (1 decks)

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