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HISTO OF NERVE TISSUE > ALL THE THINGS > Flashcards

ALL THE THINGS Flashcards

1
Q

What does a neuron consist of?

A

cell body and two types o branches — dendrites and an axon

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2
Q

What is the name of the cell body of a neuron?

A

perikaryon or SOMA

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3
Q

What is contained in the soma?

A

RER (Nissle Bodies) as well as normal complement of other organelles

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4
Q

Describe dendrites

A

relatively short and very branched; transmit information towards the soma

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5
Q

Where does the axon arise?

A

axon hillock

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6
Q

Where does the axon transmit information?

A

away from the soma

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7
Q

Are there many dendrites per cell?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Dendrites have irregular profiles called

A

dendritic spines

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9
Q

Are dendrites tapered?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Are dendrites highly branched?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Are dendrites myelinated?

A

NO

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12
Q

What do dendrites contain?

A

ribosomes and RER

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13
Q

Are there more neurotubules or neurofilaments in dendrites?

A

More neurotubules than neurofilaments

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14
Q

Hoe many axons per cell?

A

One

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15
Q

What kind of profile does an axon have?

A

smooth

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16
Q

How is the diameter of the axon described?

A

uniform diameter

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17
Q

Are axons relatively straight?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Are axons highly branched?

A

No, few branches

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19
Q

Are there more neurofilaments or neurotubules in axons?

A

More neurofilaments than neurotubules

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20
Q

Are axons myelinated?

A

Yes, often myelinated

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21
Q

What do axons contain?

A

no RER; has ribosomes

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22
Q

Neuroglia constitute ___ % of the CNS volume

A

60%

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23
Q

What neuroglia are present in the CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
ependymal cells
microglial cells

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24
Q

Oligodendrocytes form what?

A

the myelin sheath

25
Q

What are the general functions of astrocytes?

A

structural, nutritive, and metabolic functions

26
Q

What are the two types of astrocytes found in the CNS?

A

fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes

27
Q

What are fibrous astrocytes?

A

occur between myelinated nerve fibers

28
Q

Fibrous astrocytes are associated with what kind of matter?

A

White Matter

29
Q

What are protoplasmic astrocytes?

A

they surround somata and dendrites and participate in metabolic exchange

30
Q

Protoplasmic astrocytes are associated with what kind of matter?

A

Grey matter

31
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

cells that line brain ventricles

32
Q

What are microglial cells?

A

cells that as brain macrophages

33
Q

What neuroglial cells are associated with the Peripheral NS?

A

Schwann and satellite cells

34
Q

What are Schwann Cells?

A

cells that form the myelin sheath

35
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

cells surrounding the somata in ganglia; are the equivalent of astrocytes

36
Q

Which glial cells originate from the neural tube?

A

oligodendrocytes, schewann cells, astrocytes, and ependymal cells

37
Q

Which glial cells originate from bone marrow?

A

microglia

38
Q

What is the BBB?

A

Blood-brain diffusion barrier

39
Q

BBB is a —

A

specialized endothelium lining blood vessel lumens in the CNS

40
Q

What kinds of junctions form between endothelial cells to form a diffusion barrier to large molecules in the BBB?

A

tight junctions

41
Q

The BBB is an active site for what specific transport pathways across endothelial cells?

A

endo- and exocytotic vesicle pathways

42
Q

What surrounds the endothelium of the BBB and what surrounds the capillary wall?

A

a basal lamina

astrocytic ‘end feet’

43
Q

Where is a BBB not found?

A

choroid plexus, pituitary gland, pineal gland and other ‘circumventricular’ organs

44
Q

The axons of peripheral nerves are covered by myelin when and by what?

A

as they exit the CNS; by schwann cells

45
Q

Peripheral nerves are bundled together into —

A

fascicles

46
Q

Individual peripheral nerve axons with their schwann cells are surrounded by what?

A

Endoneurium (connective tissue containing collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and mast cells)

47
Q

What are peripheral nerve fascicles surrounded by?

A

a perineurium

48
Q

The perineurium helps to establish what?

A

a peripheral blood-nerve diffusion barrier

49
Q

What kind of epithelium is characteristic of the perineurium?

A

stratified squamous layer of connective tissue

50
Q

What is each adjacent cell in the perineurium fused by?

A

tight junctions

51
Q

What does the perineurium actively do?

A

transports nutrients in and wastes out

52
Q

Thicker layers of the perineurium contain what?

A

collagen and actin fibers

53
Q

What surrounds the complete collection of peripheral nerve fascicles?

A

epineurium

54
Q

What is the epineurium made of?

A

dense connective tissue, often with associated adipose tissue

55
Q

Cut axons can undergo what kind of peripheral nerve injury?

A

Wallerian degeneration

axonal degeneration distal to the injury site

56
Q

What do the supporting cells form distal to the site of a peripheral nerve injury of an axon?

A

a shell that is continuous with a bridge of fibrous scar tissue linking to the undamaged proximal nerve

57
Q

Can Schwann cell division lead to peripheral nerve regeneration? If so, how?

A

Yes; occurs through the bridge, following the path of the shell

58
Q

What grows out of the severed end of the proximal nerve?

A

neurites; many more grow than required for regeneration, so many degenerate

59
Q

Satellite cells are solely supportive cells for neurons. What are they derived from?

A

Neural crest

HISTO OF NERVE TISSUE (1 decks)

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