ALL THE THINGS

Question 1

What does a neuron consist of?

Answer 1

cell body and two types o branches — dendrites and an axon

Question 2

What is the name of the cell body of a neuron?

Answer 2

perikaryon or SOMA

Question 3

What is contained in the soma?

Answer 3

RER (Nissle Bodies) as well as normal complement of other organelles

Question 4

Describe dendrites

Answer 4

relatively short and very branched; transmit information towards the soma

Question 5

Where does the axon arise?

Answer 5

axon hillock

Question 6

Where does the axon transmit information?

Answer 6

away from the soma

Question 7

Are there many dendrites per cell?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Dendrites have irregular profiles called

Answer 8

dendritic spines

Question 9

Are dendrites tapered?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Are dendrites highly branched?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Are dendrites myelinated?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

What do dendrites contain?

Answer 12

ribosomes and RER

Question 13

Are there more neurotubules or neurofilaments in dendrites?

Answer 13

More neurotubules than neurofilaments

Question 14

Hoe many axons per cell?

Answer 14

One

Question 15

What kind of profile does an axon have?

Answer 15

smooth

Question 16

How is the diameter of the axon described?

Answer 16

uniform diameter

Question 17

Are axons relatively straight?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Are axons highly branched?

Answer 18

No, few branches

Question 19

Are there more neurofilaments or neurotubules in axons?

Answer 19

More neurofilaments than neurotubules

Question 20

Are axons myelinated?

Answer 20

Yes, often myelinated

Question 21

What do axons contain?

Answer 21

no RER; has ribosomes

Question 22

Neuroglia constitute ___ % of the CNS volume

Answer 22

60%

Question 23

What neuroglia are present in the CNS?

Answer 23

oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
ependymal cells
microglial cells

Question 24

Oligodendrocytes form what?

Answer 24

the myelin sheath

Question 25

What are the general functions of astrocytes?

Answer 25

structural, nutritive, and metabolic functions

Question 26

What are the two types of astrocytes found in the CNS?

Answer 26

fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes

Question 27

What are fibrous astrocytes?

Answer 27

occur between myelinated nerve fibers

Question 28

Fibrous astrocytes are associated with what kind of matter?

Answer 28

White Matter

Question 29

What are protoplasmic astrocytes?

Answer 29

they surround somata and dendrites and participate in metabolic exchange

Question 30

Protoplasmic astrocytes are associated with what kind of matter?

Answer 30

Grey matter

Question 31

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 31

cells that line brain ventricles

Question 32

What are microglial cells?

Answer 32

cells that as brain macrophages

Question 33

What neuroglial cells are associated with the Peripheral NS?

Answer 33

Schwann and satellite cells

Question 34

What are Schwann Cells?

Answer 34

cells that form the myelin sheath

Question 35

What are satellite cells?

Answer 35

cells surrounding the somata in ganglia; are the equivalent of astrocytes

Question 36

Which glial cells originate from the neural tube?

Answer 36

oligodendrocytes, schewann cells, astrocytes, and ependymal cells

Question 37

Which glial cells originate from bone marrow?

Answer 37

microglia

Question 38

What is the BBB?

Answer 38

Blood-brain diffusion barrier

Question 39

BBB is a ---

Answer 39

specialized endothelium lining blood vessel lumens in the CNS

Question 40

What kinds of junctions form between endothelial cells to form a diffusion barrier to large molecules in the BBB?

Answer 40

tight junctions

Question 41

The BBB is an active site for what specific transport pathways across endothelial cells?

Answer 41

endo- and exocytotic vesicle pathways

Question 42

What surrounds the endothelium of the BBB and what surrounds the capillary wall?

Answer 42

a basal lamina astrocytic 'end feet'

Question 43

Where is a BBB not found?

Answer 43

choroid plexus, pituitary gland, pineal gland and other 'circumventricular' organs

Question 44

The axons of peripheral nerves are covered by myelin when and by what?

Answer 44

as they exit the CNS; by schwann cells

Question 45

Peripheral nerves are bundled together into ---

Answer 45

fascicles

Question 46

Individual peripheral nerve axons with their schwann cells are surrounded by what?

Answer 46

Endoneurium (connective tissue containing collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and mast cells)

Question 47

What are peripheral nerve fascicles surrounded by?

Answer 47

a perineurium

Question 48

The perineurium helps to establish what?

Answer 48

a peripheral blood-nerve diffusion barrier

Question 49

What kind of epithelium is characteristic of the perineurium?

Answer 49

stratified squamous layer of connective tissue

Question 50

What is each adjacent cell in the perineurium fused by?

Answer 50

tight junctions

Question 51

What does the perineurium actively do?

Answer 51

transports nutrients in and wastes out

Question 52

Thicker layers of the perineurium contain what?

Answer 52

collagen and actin fibers

Question 53

What surrounds the complete collection of peripheral nerve fascicles?

Answer 53

epineurium

Question 54

What is the epineurium made of?

Answer 54

dense connective tissue, often with associated adipose tissue

Question 55

Cut axons can undergo what kind of peripheral nerve injury?

Answer 55

Wallerian degeneration axonal degeneration distal to the injury site

Question 56

What do the supporting cells form distal to the site of a peripheral nerve injury of an axon?

Answer 56

a shell that is continuous with a bridge of fibrous scar tissue linking to the undamaged proximal nerve

Question 57

Can Schwann cell division lead to peripheral nerve regeneration? If so, how?

Answer 57

Yes; occurs through the bridge, following the path of the shell

Question 58

What grows out of the severed end of the proximal nerve?

Answer 58

neurites; many more grow than required for regeneration, so many degenerate

Question 59

Satellite cells are solely supportive cells for neurons. What are they derived from?

Answer 59

Neural crest