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THORACIC WALL/DIAPHRAGM > ALL THE THINGS > Flashcards

ALL THE THINGS Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7

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2
Q

Why are true ribs called “true”?

A

connect directly to sternum via costal cartilage

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3
Q

Which of the true ribs is sort of odd?

A

rib 1 because it is very short and C-Shaped

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4
Q

What are the false ribs?

A

ribs 8-10

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5
Q

Why are false ribs called “false”?

A

connect directly to the sternum via the costal cartilages above them

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6
Q

What are the floating ribs?

A

ribs 11-12

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7
Q

What is weird about the floating ribs?

A

have no attachment to the sternum at all

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8
Q

Where do you find the neuromuscular bundle? (which ribs)

A

On the inferior border of the superior rib

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9
Q

Where do you find the neuromuscular bundle? (Between what layers of muscle)

A

between the internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles

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10
Q

What is the order of the neuromuscular bundle (NMB)?

A

VAN: Vein - Artery - Nerve

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11
Q

Which rib is “privileged”?

A

rib 2 because it is longer and thinner than rib one and is attached at two points

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12
Q

Where do common rib fractures occur?

A

the middle of the ribs along the posterior angle (ribs 3-10)

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13
Q

What is Flail Chest?

A

If a rib is broken and loses attachment to the structures that contain it in the thoracic cage

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14
Q

What movement is associated with Flail Chest?

A

paradoxical movement

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15
Q

What is paradoxical movement?

A

the segment around the broken rib looks as if it is moving in the opposite direction of the breath motions.

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16
Q

What else can paradoxical movement lead to?

A

hypoventilation due to insufficient ventilation

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17
Q

What are the 3 major dermatomes?

A

T4 - Nipples (MOST IMPORTANT FOR NWOSU)

T7 - Xiphoid Process

T10 - Umbilicus

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18
Q

What is Herpes Zoster’s precursor?

A

Chicken pox (Varicella)

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19
Q

Where are Herpes Zoster infections commonly latent?

A

Dorsal root ganglia of one spinal level

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20
Q

What happens when the Herpes Zoster virus leaves latency?

A

the area that is serviced by that sensory root (dermatome) receieve a pattern of blistered lesions

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21
Q

What term is used to describe the blistered lesions of Herpes Zoster?

A

herpetic

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22
Q

What are the important levels of the Sternum that we should consider?

A

Manubrium, sternal body, and xiphoid process

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23
Q

Where is the manubrium found?

A

T3/4

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24
Q

Where is the sternal body found?

A

T5-9

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25
Where is the xiphoid process found?
T10/11
26
A Sternal puncture is commonly performed to obtain what?
bone marrow
27
Where are sternal fractures common?
Mid body and transverse ridge fractures followed by the manubrium
28
Where are fractures commonly incorrectly predicted?
xiphoid process
29
What two notches are visible on the manubrium?
clavicular notches on the sides and the jugular notch in the middle
30
What is another name for the sternal angle?
manubriosternal joint
31
What is Thoracic outlet syndrome?
compression of the neuromuscular structures contained in the thoracic outlet
32
What are the causes of Thoracic outlet syndrome?
cervical rib, hypertrophy of Scalene Muscles, or a Pancoast Tumor
33
What are the symptoms associated with Thoracic outlet syndrome?
pain, numbness, tingling in the arms. brachial plexus compression. Ischemic muscle pain. Subclavian artery compression
34
Describe Horner's Syndrome
Psuedo-ptosis - droopy eyelids Anhydrosis - can't sweat Miosis - pupil constiction PAM IS HORNY!
35
What is the cause of Horner's syndrome?
compression of the Stellate
36
What is the Stellate?
Superior cervical ganglion - is compressed causing Horner's
37
What is the Thoracic Diaphragm?
a musculo-tendinous partition that is the principle muscle of inspiration
38
How is the Thoracic diaphragm innervated?
Phrenic nerve C3-4
39
What also provides sensory innervation to the Thoracic diaphragm?
lower 6-7 intercostal nerves
40
What are the three thoracic apertures?
T8 - IVC T10 - Esophagus T12 - Aorta
41
What passes through thoracic aperture T8?
Phrenic nerve C3-5
42
What passes through thoracic aperture T10?
Vagus Nerve
43
What passes through thoracic aperture T12?
Azygous nerve and thoracic duct
44
What do the external intercostals assist with?
forced inspiration
45
What do the internal and innermost intercostals assist with?
forced expiration
46
What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?
Contracts and flattens as the lungs fill with air. (Descends)
47
What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?
relaxes and moves upward as the air is released
48
What are the 2 congenital diaphragmatic hernias?
Morgagni and Bochdalek Hernia
49
What are the 2 acquired diaphragmatic hernias?
Rolling and Sliding Esophageal Hernias
50
Describe Morgagni Hernia
anterior herniation of the diaphragm
51
Describe Bochdalek hernia
Posterolateral herniation of the diaphragm that causes compression to the left lung
52
What do Bochdalek hernias lead to?
hypoplasticity due to compression of the left lung
53
Describe Rolling esophageal hernias
The cardia of the stomach rolls up through the esophageal hiatus. Hernia is to the side of the LES
54
Describe Sliding esophageal hernias
The cardia of the stomach along with the lower esophageal sphincter slide up through the esophageal hiatus.
55
What can be caused by sliding esophageal hernias?
severe acid reflux due to the disruption of the LES
56
Name the significant ligament of the breast?
Suspensory Ligament of Cooper
57
What is significant about the suspensory ligament of Cooper?
some breast cancers can cause these ligaments to pull down and cause the appearance of an orange peel (dimples)
58
What is are the common signs of breast cancer?
dimples and inversion of the nipple
59
What region of the breast is known as the million dollar space?
Retro-mammary space
60
What are common complications seen during mastectomies?
winged scapula due to damage to the long thoracic nerve. Leads to unopposed retraction of the rhomboids
61
Where is the first place you'd look for breast cancer?
Pectoral lymph nodes

THORACIC WALL/DIAPHRAGM (1 decks)

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