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VERTEBRAL COLUMN > ALL THE THINGS > Flashcards

ALL THE THINGS Flashcards

1
Q

Distribution of vertebrae

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal

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2
Q

What is special about cervical vertebrae?

A

Have transverse foramina

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3
Q

What is special about thoracic vertebrae?

A

Have costal facets

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4
Q

What is special about lumbar vertebrae?

A

Have mammillary and accessory processes

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5
Q

Atypical Cervical vertebrae

A

C1 Atlas, C2 Axis, C7 Vertebra Prominens

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6
Q

Atypical Thoracic vertebrae

A

T1, T9-12

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7
Q

Atypical Lumbar vertebrae

A

L5 only!

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8
Q

Why is the Atlas different?

A

C1, has no vertebral body

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9
Q

Why is the Axis different?

A

C2, has a strong odontoid process (DENS)

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10
Q

Why is the vertebra prominens different?

A

C7, vertebral artery doesnt pass through the transverse foramina, spinous process is large and NOT bifid

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11
Q

Why is T1 different?

A

Has one full and one hemi facet

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12
Q

Why is T9 different?

A

Has a pair of hemi facets

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13
Q

Why are T10-12 different?

A

Have one full facet encroaching on the body starting from the roots of the pedicle

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14
Q

Why is L5 different?

A

Its HUGE compared to the other Lumbar vertebrae

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15
Q

What is a Jefferson fracture?

A

Fracture of the arches of the Atlas resulting from an impact to the head.

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16
Q

What ligament is disrupted by a Jefferson fracture?

A

Transverse ligament of Atlas

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17
Q

What is a Hangedman’s fracture?

A

Fracture of the pedicles of the Axis.

18
Q

What is Kyphosis?

A

exaggeration of the primary spinal curvature.

19
Q

Where is the primary spinal curvature seen?

A

Thoracic and sacral regions

20
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

exaggeration of the secondary spinal curvature

21
Q

Where is the secondary spinal curvature seen?

A

cervical and lumbar regions

22
Q

Where are Kyphosis and Lordosis complications seen commonly?

A

Thoracic region and Lumbar region respectively

23
Q

What is Spondylolysis?

A

Common stress fracture of the vertebrae that can lead to further complications

24
Q

What is Spondylolisthesis?

A

A vertebral fracture accompanied by anterior displacement of the upper vertebral body. May cause nerve and blood vessel damage

25
Q

IVD herniations commonly occur in what direction?

A

Postero-laterally

26
Q

Where and why do IVD herniations occur?

A

Occur at 5 and 7 oclock positions of the disc because the PLL doesnt completely support the posterior aspect of the spinal cord.

27
Q

With the help of gravity, which spinal nerve is affected with IVD herniations?

A

Ex. if at IVD 5 of C5/C6, add 2 to the IVD. So C7 nerve.

28
Q

Where do IVD disc prolapses commonly occur?

A

L3/4 (L4 nerve) and L4/5 (L5 nerve)

29
Q

What part of the IVD herniates?

A

Nucleus pulposus

30
Q

What is the purpose of a Lumbar puncture?

A

withdraw CSF

31
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

subarachnoid space

32
Q

Where is it safe to perform an LP?

A

Between L3/4 or L4/5 because the adult SC ends around L1 or L2

33
Q

What layers must your needle traverse for an LP?

A

skin, superficial fascia, supraspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space, dura and arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space

34
Q

Where would Dr. Nwosu not puncture for an LP?

A

Ligamentum flavum

35
Q

What technique would you use for epidural anesthesia?

A

Same pathway as LP except you stop after piercing the ligamentum flavum

36
Q

Where else can you administer epidural anesthesia?

A

Sacral Hiatus, called Caudal Anesthesia

37
Q

What is Occulta?

A

tuft of hair on the lower back that is characteristic of spina bifida

38
Q

Which muscles attach at the nuchal ligament?

A

Splenius capitis, serratus post sup, rhomboid minor, and Traps

STRS

39
Q

What are the borders of the Triangle of auscultation?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, scapula

40
Q

What is significant about the Triangle of auscultation?

A

listen to respiratory sounds

41
Q

What important structures are within the Suboccipital triangle?

A

vertebral artery, suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

VERTEBRAL COLUMN (1 decks)

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