All the stuffings Flashcards
What is Educational Psychology?
the study of how humans learn and retain knowledge, primarily in educational settings
Role of Educational psychology
provides teachers with research-based principles to guide their teaching
What makes a good teacher?
Knowing the subject matter
mastering teaching skills
intentionality mentor
ability to use 21st-century skills in technology and thoughts
knowledge of the common core-standards on what the world expects the children to be able to learn at their current stage
Schema
the pattern of thought or behavior that organizes information
Piaget on Accommodation
When you have new experiences you’ll change your schemas to accommodate the new information. This is a part of the adaption process
Equilibrium VS. Disequilibrium
Equilibrium: Keeping everything in equal status. It’s an ongoing process that refines and transforms mental structures, constituting the basis of cognitive development.
Disequilibrium: Something that challenges or conflicts with your change of thought. A mismatch between one’s thinking and one’s environment.
Solitary play
When a child plays alone
Cooperative play
children working together
parallel play
playing side-by-side on their own
Associative play
interacting with the other children-sharing, turn-taking.
Heteronomous Morality
morality imposed by society’s rules, especially found in children because they have less experience.
In which terms do sociologists define social status?
In terms of one’s income, occupation, education, and prestige in society.
Concrete operational stage
when a child begins to develop their own educational model, but don’t yet think as adults.
Inferred reality
The ability to see things in the context of other meanings
What are reinforcers in a classroom (3)?
- making sure certain behavior is rewarded or punished
- tell students what behaviors you want
- reinforce appropriate behavior as soon as possible after it occurs
direct instruction
telling over the information directly.
Episodic memory
a mental movie of personal experiences
Semantic memory
Contains facts and generalized information in the form of schemata, not based on any particular aspect. You just know.
Procedural
Refers to knowing the skills to do something
Inert knowledge
ingrained within a person, don’t need to teach
Rote Learning
knowing by memorization
Meaningful learning
knowing the deeper reason behind and relates to the info that he already has, more likely to retain.
The sequence of four activities in direct instruction flows along a logical path:
- arousing student’s interest
- presenting new information
- Making sure students know the learning thru an assessment
Conduct learning probes
the various ways that teachers can ask for brief responses to the content of the lesson, such as a quiz or looking at the student’s reaction.
Cooperative learning
Having students become part of the learning for them to work together.
Robert Slavin’s QAIT model
- quality of instruction, giving over in a way that will make sense to the student
- Appropriate levels of instruction, not too difficult or too easy
- Incentive for the listener to learn
- Time, enough to learn the material being taught.
Reinforcers
any consequence that strengthens a behavior either positive or negative that will be effective for a particular person.
Meichenbaum’s model of self-regulated learning
students can be taught to monitor and regulate their own behavior, often known as cognitive behavior modification. What is my problem what is my plan am I listening to my plan how did I do?
strategies to manage routine misbehavior
presenting interesting lessons efficient use of class time careful structuring of instructional activities
How is a student’s misbehavior maintained?
by some reinforcer of either peer pressure, attention, boredom, wanting to waste time.
Social integration of students with disabilities
peer tutoring
role of the teacher is critical to set an example for the rest of the students and have them follow suit.
Formative evaluation
In order to see how the students are processing along and what’s needed for them to succeed in understanding what’s being taught.
Summative Assessment
what’s the sum total result of what the student has understood, usually involves some form of an assessment.
Problem-solving evaluation elements
problem organizing
procedures to solve the problem
solution
Logic specific to the detail or application of the given info
Concurrent evidence of validity
the measure of how well a particular test correlates with a previously validated measure to know how reliable the test is.
How much reliability does a quiz have?
students don’t always put in their full effort so not as reliable. Also, a quiz has fewer questions so each one has more value
Which areas are impacted by the research of Educational psychology?
educational policies
professional development programs
teaching materials
Piaget’s assimilation
the cognitive process of how we take in new information.
Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning
Preconventional (3-7)-don’t understand the meaning of rules
conventional (8-13)-obeying rules based on what society expects
Postconvetional (adulthood)-doing what’s right for acceptance in society
Levels of processing theory
suggests that learners will remember only what they process by manipulating and analyzing it.
Duel code theory
suggests the importance of using both visual and verbal coding to learn bits of info.
Constructivist methods in the content areas
the idea that in order to understand the material, students should feel that it’s meaningful
Flipped classroom model
students do work before class on their own and in the classroom, they understand the why.
The Premack principle
a way to increase less-enjoyed activities is to link them to more-enjoyed ones.
Intellectual Disability
characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning.
Adoptive behavior
focuses skills that they do have and make the best of it
Backward-planning strategy
when designing a course, teachers will create an exam first to know which material to focus on.
impact of expectations of teachers on students
low expectations can become a self-fulfilling prophecy, may cause students not to work so well.
Zone of Proximal Development
method of instruction that a child is able to perform tasks with assistance from a knowledgeable person
Mediation
The process of older children and adults helping learners by explaining, modeling, or breaking down complex skills, knowledge, and concepts.
Scaffolding
building on a solid foundation. the assistance provided by more competent peers or adults
Cooperative learning
children or adults can help one another learn
Risks for school dropouts
impacting success with either academic failure or poor attendance
low-level occupations, unemployment, or poverty
Why is cyberbullying worse?
Because one child can insult another while being anonymous.
