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Geography A level Human > All the facts required for Human > Flashcards

All the facts required for Human Flashcards

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1
Q

What can Brixton be described as?

A
  • Multicultral
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2
Q

When did the Windrush generation arrive in Brixton?

A
  • 1948
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3
Q

What did the Windrush generation bring to Brixton?

A
  • The afro carribean culture
  • New music (jazz and blues), food and fashion
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4
Q

What has caused local shops to close creating more of a clone town?

A
  • Gentrification is causing local shops to close and therefore creates more of a clone town
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5
Q

What is forcing locals out of homes causing a change to the character of place in Brixton?

A
  • Rising house prices
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6
Q

What was created to counter gentrification in Brixton?

A
  • Pop Brixton was created to allow for people to eat at local eateries rather than chains preventing gentrification
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7
Q

What was created to try and keep money in the local economy in Brixton?

A
  • The Brixton pound was created to try to enchorage local spending keeping money in the local economy
  • However they are very hard to come by as they became almost a souvenier for tourists hence not working as expected
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8
Q

What famous person grew up in Brixton and how do they remember him?

A
  • David Bowie grew up in Brixton and there is a David Bowie memorial created to remember him
  • Also is a tourist attraction stimulating economic growth
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9
Q

What is demographic like in Brixton?

A
  • The mean age in Brixton is 33.4 years showing how it is a young buzzing place with a working aged population
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10
Q

What is the unemployment rate like in Brixton?

A
  • Higher than the national average suggesting it is hard to find jobs there
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11
Q

Has globalisation had full effect on Brixton yet?

A
  • No
  • As there are still many shops run by local people as well as the Brixton markets selling locally produced goods
  • WHSmiths and McDonalds have found their way into Brixton but globalisation and gentrification havn’t taken full hold of Brixton yet
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12
Q

What is enviromental quality like in Brixton?

A
  • Overall poor
  • Polluted
  • Decreasing land quality due to urbanisation
  • However recently areas of greenspace have arisen such as Windrush Square
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13
Q

What is crime rate like in Brixton?

A
  • Crime level is high with gangs forming
  • Weapon boxes are placed around public areas such as churches in attempt to reduce it
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14
Q

Why is Reigate a great place to live?

A
  • Great commuter town as easy access to London
  • Very good quality of life
  • Low crime rate
  • Topography and Physical geography means it is great for recreational activities
  • Highly investable area
  • Great schools
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15
Q

What is the average house price in Reigate?

A
  • £647000
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16
Q

What is the average house price in Brixton?

A
  • £573000
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17
Q

What is the demographic like in Reigate and why?

A
  • Average age of 40 years
  • A place where familys move out of the city to have children or a bigger house
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18
Q

What is Reigate an area of?

A
  • “An area of outstanding natural beauty”
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19
Q

How do global companies try to appeal to locals?

A
  • Glocalisation
  • e.g The Mc Donalds mac burito in mexico city
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20
Q

What has globalisation caused countries around the world to be?

A
  • Globalised countries are interdependant
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21
Q

What are some examples of global governance?

A
  • The UN global goals for sustainable development
  • World Trade Organisation
  • Paris agreement (hold global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees)
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22
Q

What are the dimensions of globalisation?

A
  • Flows of capital (easier due to improvements in communications)
  • Flows of labour (Trade blocks such as EU have open borders allowing easy flows of labour)
  • Flows of products (containerisation)
  • Flows of services and information
  • Patterns of production (China)
  • Western consumption (5 earths)
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23
Q

State the unequal flows

A
  • People (brain drain) (migration)
  • Money (TNCs e.g Shell) (Colonialisation)
  • Growth and development causing inequality (5 earths US)
  • Conflict and injustices
  • Unequal power relations
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24
Q

What are the factors in globalisation?

A
  • Technology
  • Systems and relationships
  • Financial
  • Security
  • Communications
  • Transport
  • Trade agreements
  • Containerisation (London Gateway)
25
Q

State an example of regeneration

A
  • London Olympic Village
26
Q

State an example of green development?

A
  • London Olympic Village
  • Greenroofs
  • Water recycling system for flushing toilets
27
Q

What industry was huge in Detroit but collapsed due to foreign competition?

A
  • Car industry
28
Q

What is the example of a lived experience of localism?

A
  • Leith Hill Frack Off campaign
  • Anti fracking in an area of outstanding natural beauty fracked for oil
  • Given go ahead due to economic benefit however met by huge protest leading to it being cancelled
  • Narrowed roads up to the sight to prevent lorries getting to it
  • Protesters stood infront of lorries
  • Built a fort as a final defense
29
Q

What is an example of a place that has been rebranded?

A
  • Plymouth
30
Q

What approaches were used in Plymouth rebranding and what are the benefits?

A
  • Top down approach (made by authorities)
  • Positives:
  • Fast action
  • Strategic
  • Funding provided
  • Negatives:
  • People feel excluded
  • Loss in trust
  • Bottom up approach (listens to people)
  • Positives:
  • Range of ideas
  • local people involved
  • Negatives:
  • Less efficient
  • Very complex
31
Q

What was Plymouth rebranded to?

A
  • The Ocean City
32
Q

How many barrels of oil do Shell produce a day?

A
  • 3.7 million barrels of oil a day
33
Q

Where is Shell headquaters located?

A
  • The Netherlands (HIC)
34
Q

How many service stations do Shell have worldwide?

A
  • 44000 service stations worldwide
35
Q

What did a 2017 public information film show about Shell?

A
  • They had a clear grasp of climate change 26 years earlier but did not act
  • Due to demand for oil and how dependant society is on it
36
Q

How has Shell reduced environmental quality?

A
  • Niger delta oil spills as piplines were old and corroded killing wildlife and polluting area
  • 81 million metric tonnes of CO2 produced in 2013
  • Part of Global Climate Coalition of businesses opposed to greehouse gas emission regulation
37
Q

What did Shell do in 1989?

A
  • Redesigned a $3 billion North sea gas platform raising it by one or two metres to accomodate for sea level rise
38
Q

What is vertical integration?

A
  • Takes over part of their supply chain (Shell owns every part of supply chain)
39
Q

What is horizontal integration?

A
  • When a company merges with or takes over another company
40
Q

What do TNCs do to become more powerful?

A
  • Mergers: 2 companies agree to become 1 big company (BP and Amoco)
  • Acquisitions: When one company buys another e.g ford buys volvo
  • Using subcontractors: Use other companies to manufacture
41
Q

How does global governance provide growth and stability?

A
  • Countries must abide by common laws
  • WTO increases global trade increasing economic growth
  • WHO combats epedemics e.g COVID 19
42
Q

How may global governance not provide growth and stability?

A
  • Voluntary sign up
  • Difficult to make TNCs and countries abide by the rules
  • Global Institutions act for political reasons
43
Q

Where is coffee grown?

A
  • Brazil exported 20% of world coffee in 2015
  • Grown in LICs such as Brazil which has 300000 coffee farms producing 2.5 million tonnes per year
44
Q

Who is the largest importer of Coffee?

A
  • USA is largest importer of coffee importing 20% of worlds coffee in 2015
45
Q

What are some of the dangers and issues with coffee production?

A
  • Diseases e.g bacterial blight
  • Pests and Insects
  • Climate Change makes fewer places to grow beans
46
Q

How much of price of coffee bought goes to farmers?

A
  • 7% as unprocessed bean is of low value
  • TNCs roast beans and process them as most profit is made here
  • This means as HICs contain TNCs the money goes to developed countries rather than being reinvested in LICs
47
Q

How many companies control coffee exports?

A
  • Just 4 monopoly companies control 40% of global coffee exports
48
Q

What happens when TNCs can choose where to buy and sell coffee?

A
  • They choose the place with lowest costs so cheapest labour
  • This means coffee producing countries cut wages, labour regulations and environmental protections to attract TNCs.
  • This is called “race to the bottom”
49
Q

What are the main UN sustainable development goals?

A
  1. No poverty
  2. No hunger
  3. Good health and Well being
  4. Quality education
  5. Gender equality
  6. Clean water and santitation
  7. Climate action
  8. Responsible consumption and production
50
Q

What is fairtrade?

A
  • Formed in 1992 works with producer organisations
  • Set the minimum price that a coffee buyer must pay to the producer to cover all the farmers costs
  • Prevents forced and child labour
  • Pays additional money into a communal fund to help LICs develop
51
Q

What are some example of coffee TNCs?

A
  • Nestle
  • Kraft
52
Q

Why is Antarctica a global common?

A
  • The connection Antarctica has to the atmosphere and oceans which affect the whole global climate
  • This makes it a global common
53
Q

What are the threats to Antarctica?

A
  • Air temperature increase of 3 degrees which is 5 times the mean rate of global warming
  • Oil and Gas exploration
  • Tourism industry
54
Q

State the 4 global commons

A
  1. High seas
  2. Atmosphere
  3. Antarctica
  4. Outer space
55
Q

Why is pressure increasing on the global commons?

A
  • Public and private intrests
  • Demand for resources
  • Economic gain over environmental gain
  • Climate change
  • Fishing and whaling
  • Individuals getting wealthier have more spare income to spend on going to exotic places
56
Q

Why is globalisation a good thing?

A
  • Increased the rate of global economic growth due to access to the global market
  • Companies able to maximise profits by producing goods in LICs where labour and production cost is low stimulating more rapid economic growth (containerisation)
  • Open borders (e.g in the EU) allow for the freeflow of people helping growth HIC economies
  • Peace agreements help prevent war allowing for stable economic growth without crashing the economy and causing the demographic to be hugely effected. (e.g in WW2 it impacted hugley on working aged men increasing the dependancy ratio)
  • Flows of services and information has allowed for faster innovation of new techonologies and ideas stimulating faster development
  • Global governance (e.g the UN) creating common laws such as human rights and the sustainable development goals
  • To eradicate poverty in places such as Africa. The future centre to manufacturing due to low labour costs. Foreign aid helps water pumps to be installed. EU distributed large amounts of money to poorer countries.
57
Q

Why is globalisation a bad thing?

A
  • The free flow of people through open borders causes brain drain in LIC countries slowing down their development. Mass migration in the future due to climate change will simply not work with open borders.
  • Interdependance of countries results in a lack of inderpendance for example the UK import 45% of the food consumed and this means in not ‘perfect’ times it can greatly impact food supplies
  • Descion making from ‘higher global authorities’ such as the EU over the individual state makes for extremly ineffecient progress of issues such as climate change or migration. Politics and this scale slows progress rather than accelerates it as more individuals means a greater number of opinions, more opinions means more disagreement, more disagreement leads to slow progress
58
Q

How would you describe your view on globalisation?

A
  • I am a transformationalist meaning balanced
  • Hyperglobalist means all for globalisation
  • Sceptic means against it
59
Q

What happened in Detroit when primarily African American riots were taking place?

A
  • White Flight occured where people (primarily white hence the name) with the economic ability moved out of the city leaving the poorer individuals behind

Geography A level Human (3 decks)

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