all the amendments to know

Question 1

ensures freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of petitioning the govt, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion HOWEVER none of these rights are absolute and the supreme court ruled these could be limited in the interest of the public good but restrictions gotta be well defined, limited to only few instants, and justified well
- letter from a Birmingham jail
- establishment clause
cases: Schenck v us, tinker v des Moines, nyt vs us, Engle v Vitale, wisconsin v yoder
- free exercise clause
- due process clause

Answer 1

amendment 1

Question 2

Protects citizens’ rights to keep and bear arms

• doctrine of selective incorporation
• McDonald v Chicago (strikes down gun control laws)
• US v Lopez (struck down gun free zones act of 1990, court affirmed “broad lawmaking power of congress under commerce clause” but ruled that congress did not have power of firearm regulation)

Answer 2

amendment 2

Question 3

Forbids quartering of soldiers and direct public support of armed forces

Answer 3

amendment 3

Question 4

no unreasonable search and arrest without warrant, Places restrictions on govt agencies regarding criminal or civil procedural investigations, does much to protect an individual’s person, house, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures
When police wants to search private property they usually must first go before a judge and justify the search and if the judge is convinced there’s a probable cause (search is likely to uncover evidence of illegality) then they’ll issue a search warrant (limits where police may search and what they may take as evidence)
Exclusionary rule- evidence found by police who disregard the search warrant cannot admit it as evidence in trial
Objective good faith exception established by supreme court which allows for convictions in cases where a search wasn’t technically legal but it was conducted under the assumption it was
Inevitable discovery rule- illegally seized evidence that eventually would have been found legally is admissible for court trial
Police may conduct an immediate search if they have probable cause to believe they will find evidence of criminal activity especially if there are exigent circumstances aka reason to believe evidence will disappear by the time there is a warrant received and return but they have to prove in trial it was probable cause

Answer 4

amendment 4

Question 5

Guarantees grand jury when a suspect is held for a capital/infamous crime
Eliminates double jeopardy (being prosecuted for the same crime many times)
Establishes the right of the govt to seize property for public use under eminent domain but ONLY if the seizure is justly compensated
Federal govt cannot deprive an individual of life liberty or property on any level unless due process of law is applied
Rights granted to the accused are a fundamental protection against govt abuse of power

• gideon v wainwright
• selective incorporation

Answer 5

amendment 5

Question 6

Allows persons accused of a crime to be prosecuted by an impartial jury
Forms basis of habeas corpus - protects against unlawful imprisonment and ensures that a person cannot be held indefinitely without being formally charged before a judge or in a court or without a legal reason to extend their detention
Guarantees defendants right to a speedy trial

Answer 6

amendment 6

Question 7

Allows for trial by jury in common law cases

Answer 7

amendment 7

Question 8

No excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment however govt is not required to offer bail for all defendants
Cruel and unusual punishment clause- “heart of the death penalty,” court has placed limits on when the death penalty can be applied but upholds constitutionality of the death penalty IF applied properly

Answer 8

amendment 8

Question 9

Reaffirms principles of a limited federal govt
Rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution are still protected ex. The right to like idk wear a dress even though it’s not explicitly stated
Bill of Rights’ IMPLIED RIGHT TO PRIVACY

• roe v wade

Answer 9

amendment 9

Question 10

-any rights not stated are given to states and people

Answer 10

amendment 10

Question 11

individuals cannot sue a state in a federal court

Answer 11

amendment 11

Question 12

separate ballot for vp and president

Answer 12

amendment 12

Question 13

• civil rights
• made slavery illegal

Answer 13

amendment 13

Question 14

• civil rights
• declared all persons born in the us were citizens and that all citizens were entitled to equal rights protected by the due process
• equal protection clause

Answer 14

amendment 14

Question 15

banned laws that would prevent african americans from voting on the basis of their race and or the fact they were previously enslaved

Answer 15

amendment 15

Question 16

• graduated income tax
• progressive era
• forms the basis of the federal income tax system. Without the amendment, Congress would not have the power to levy income taxes on individuals and corporations. The federal government would have minimal power to raise revenue to fund its operations and programs.

Answer 16

amendment 16

Question 17

popular election of senators, previously was state legislatures, giving citizens more power

Answer 17

amendment 17

Question 18

-prohibition (later repealed)

Answer 18

amendment 18

Question 19

• women’s rights
• women’s right to vote
• increase voter population

Answer 19

amendment 19

Question 20

president takes office jan 20 instead of march 4(jan 20-20)

Answer 20

amendment 20

Question 21

• prohibition repealed

Answer 21

amendment 21

Question 22

2 term presidency limit

Answer 22

amendment 22

Question 23

Washington D.C. residents can vote for president

Answer 23

amendment 23

Question 24

• civil rights
• outlawed poll taxes, which had been used to prevent blacks and poor whites from voting
• brown v boe
• increase voter population

Answer 24

amendment 24

Question 25

lays down rules of succession:
In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.

Answer 25

amendment 25

Question 26

• 18 year olds can vote
• civil rights
• increase voter population

Answer 26

amendment 26

Question 27

congress cannot accept pay raise until the next term

Answer 27

amendment 27