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RBT Exam > All Terms > Flashcards

All Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Applied Behavioral Analysis

A

treatment of behavior in Autism to improve clients’ life by increasing prosocial behaviors and decreasing maladaptive behaviors

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2
Q

Registered Behavior Technician

A
  • practices under BCBA
  • direct implementation
  • 5% of hours must be supervised by BCBA
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3
Q

BACB

A

Behavior Analyst Certification Board

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4
Q

Hierarchy

A
  1. BCBA
  2. BCaBA
  3. RBT
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5
Q

RBT Task List

A
  1. Measurement
  2. Assessment
  3. Skill Acquisition
  4. Behavior Reduction
  5. Documenting and Reporting
  6. Professional Conduct and Scope of Practice
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6
Q

Characteristics of ABA

A
  1. Applied - socially significant improvements
  2. Behavioral - observable behavior targeted for change
  3. Analytic - observable and repeatable methods, functional relationships
  4. Technological - clear procedures that can be replicated
  5. Conceptually Systematic - evidence based
  6. Effective - positive change
  7. Generality - last over time and applied to multiple social situations
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7
Q

Reinforcement

A

the addition or removal of a stimulus following a behavior that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated

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8
Q

Punishment

A

the addition or removal of a stimulus following a behavior that decreases the probability of that behavior being repeated

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9
Q

Motivating Operation

A

environmental variable that alters the reinforcing or punishing aspect of a stimulus/object/event, or alters the frequency of all behavior reinforced or punished by that stimulus/object/behavior

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10
Q

Stimulus Control

A

a situation where the frequency/duration/severity of behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus

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11
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

the basic principle of learning in which behavior is controlled by consequences (+/- reinforcement, +/- punishment)

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12
Q

Schedules of Reinforcement

A

rules specifying environmental arrangements and response conditions for reinforcement

  1. continuous
  2. intermittent
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13
Q

Continuous Reinforcement

A

reinforcement after every correct response

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14
Q

Intermittent Reinforcement

A

not continuous

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15
Q

Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement

A
  1. Fixed Ratio
  2. Fixed Interval
  3. Variable Ratio
  4. Variable Interval
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16
Q

Fixed Ratio

A

reinforcement after a constant number of correct responses

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17
Q

Fixed Interval

A

reinforcement given after a specific period of time

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18
Q

Variable Ratio

A

reinforcement varies but averages out at a specific number

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19
Q

Variable Interval

A

time periods vary but average at a specific time interval

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20
Q

Measurement

A

the process of applying quantitative labels to observed properties of events using a standard set of rules

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21
Q

Baseline Measurements

A

the initial data on targets in which we test future successes of an intervention against

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22
Q

Measurement/Data Collection

A
  • 5 trial data sheets
  • 1 initial probe data sheets
  • behavior tracking forms (frequency and duration)
  • ABC behavior charts
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23
Q

Properties of the Measurable Dimensions of Behavior

A
  1. Repeatability/Countable - count, rate, acceleration/deceleration
  2. Temporal Locus - when behavior occurs, latency
  3. Temporal Extent - duration of behavior
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24
Q

Rate

A

combination of count and the observable time, making it stronger and more comprehensive form of measurement

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25
Q

Inter-Response Time (IRT)

A

measure of elapsed time between two successive responses

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26
Q

Continuous Measurement

A

measures all responses over a given period of time

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27
Q

Discontinuous Measurement

A

measures a specified time limit

  1. Event Recording
  2. Time Sampling
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28
Q

Event Recording

A

number of times a target behavior occurs and time period; for behaviors that are frequent enough to be recorded within a time period, but not too frequent that it is difficult to record accurately

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29
Q

Time Sampling

A

recording behavior during intervals or specific moments; observation in intervals; presence and absence of behavior is recorded

  1. Whole Interval
  2. Partial Interval
  3. Momentary
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30
Q

Whole Interval Recording

A

continuous behavior with longer durations

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31
Q

Partial Interval Recording

A

used at the end of an interval

32
Q

Momentary Time Sampling

A

captures whether behavior is occurring at the end of the interval

33
Q

Permanent Product Recording

A

uses the effects of the environment to measure behavior

34
Q

Characteristics of Behavior

A
  1. Observable
  2. Individual
  3. Continuous
  4. Determined by functional relations with other events
  5. Variability is extrinsic to the organism

When defining behavior, it should be done using and observational definition

35
Q

Preference Assessment

A

stimulus that a person prefers, high vs. low, conditions

  1. free operant observation
  2. trial based methods
36
Q

Free Operant Observation

A

contrived vs. naturalistic

37
Q

Trial Based Methods

A

single, paired, and multiple stimuli

38
Q

Four Methods of Assessment

A
  1. Interviews
  2. Checklists
  3. Direct Observation (ABC)
  4. Tests
39
Q

Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

A

the foundation to creating a behavior plan:

  1. hypothesize the relationship between behavior and environmental events
  2. determine function of target behavior
  3. identify reinforcers
  4. provide framework for treatment

Steps: gather, interpret, test, develop intervention

40
Q

Indirect Assessment

A

interviewing about behavior and conducting surveys

41
Q

Descriptive Assessment

A

ABC continuous recording and ABC narrative

42
Q

Effectiveness of Reinforcement

A
  • reinforcement is most effective when used immediately after behavior
  • reinforcement always makes a behavior INCREASE
43
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

a preferred stimulus is added and the behavior increases

ex. verbal praise, tangibles, access to preferred activities

44
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

an aversive stimulus is removed and the behavior increases

ex. requesting removal of something, using social skills against bullying

45
Q

Behavior Plan

A
  • a strategy to reduce maladaptive behaviors and increase prosocial behaviors
  • it provides a framework and gives practitioners a common set of knowledge
  1. description of the individual
  2. goal of intervention
  3. target behaviors
  4. maintaining factors
46
Q

Skill Acquisition Plan

A

programs used to increase specific skills and learning targets for a client

47
Q

Task Analysis

A

breaking a complex skill into smaller and teachable units

ex. tying a shoe, writing, brushing teeth

48
Q

Discrete Trial Training

A

a method of teaching in simplified and structured steps; the skill is broken down and built up using discrete trials

49
Q

Prompting

A

antecedent stimuli used to either begin or correct a target behavior in order to help behaviors reach their targeted form

  1. full physical
  2. partial physical
  3. modeling
  4. gesturing
  5. verbal
  6. independent
50
Q

Fading

A

progressing from the highest form of prompting to a lesser form of prompting; eventually, only the original stimulus preceding an independent response would result in reinforcement

51
Q

Prompt Dependence

A

the situation in which a long history of prompting followed by reinforcement causes the learner to become dependent on assistance

52
Q

Generalization

A

the learner’s performance of a target behavior in a setting or stimulus in which direct training has not been provided

53
Q

Maintenance

A

the extent to which a learner continues to perform the target behavior after the intervention has been terminated

54
Q

Functions of Behavior

A
  1. Sensory/Automatic Reinforcement
  2. Social Attention
  3. Tangibles/Access
  4. Escape/Avoidance
55
Q

Differential Reinforcement

A

selective reinforcement of one behavior from among others; used when a behavior already occurs and good form, but tends to get lost among other behavior

-DRO, DRA, DRI, DRL/DRH

56
Q

DRO

A

differential of other behavior; reinforcement is delivered whenever the problem behavior does NOT occur

57
Q

DRA

A

differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors; reinforcement is provided for a desired alternative behavior in order to decrease the target behavior

58
Q

DRI

A

differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors; reinforcement is provided to a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the behavior targeted for decrease

59
Q

DRL/DRH

A

differential reinforcement of lower/higher rates; used when behaviors are needed to gradually increase (DRH) or decrease (DRL)

60
Q

Extinction

A

condition where reinforcement is stopped completely, resulting in the behavior’s frequency decreasing

61
Q

Errorless Teaching Procedure

A
  1. Prompt
  2. Transfer
  3. Distract
  4. Check
62
Q

Multiple Exemplar Training

A

using many different stimuli to teach a skill to promote generalization

63
Q

Phase Change Line

A

demonstrates a change in conditions on a graph

64
Q

3 Step Discrimination Training Procedure

A
  1. teach in isolation
  2. add distracters
  3. mix in mastered items
65
Q

Conditioned Reinforcer

A

anything that is paired with a primary reinforcer

66
Q

Unconditioned Reinforcer

A

things such as food and shelter that are inherently reinforcing

67
Q

Forward Chaining

A

teaching behavioral skills beginning with the first step

68
Q

Backward Chaining

A

teaching a behavioral skill beginning with the last step

69
Q

Extinction Burst

A

a temporary increase in behavior that occurs at the beginning of an extinction procedure

70
Q

Abolishing Operation

A

a motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus object

makes you want something less

71
Q

Establishing Operation

A

a motivating operation that establishes the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer

makes you want something more

72
Q

Antecedent

A

Environmental event that occurs before the behavior

73
Q

Behavior

A

Actions and skills, both good and bad

74
Q

Consequence

A

Environmental event that occurs after the behavior

75
Q

Operational Definition

A
  1. Objective
  2. Clear
  3. Complete

RBT Exam (6 decks)

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