All Terms Flashcards
Natural Environment Teaching (NET)
a child center approach to ABA that involves teaching in a natural setting
Ex: teaching identifying nose, by playing a game of simon says and follow the instructions to touch their nose.
Chaining
a teaching technique used in ABA therapy to break down complex tasks into smaller more manageable steps
Ex: washing hands, brushing teeth, getting dressed
Shaping
a teaching technique in ABA that help people learn new skills or modify existing behaviors. its a systematic approach that breaks down a desired behavior into smaller steps an reinforces each step as the learner progresses.
Ex: Teaching a child the word “Bubble” reinforce each time they say “Buh” until they learn the word and can say entire word.
Discrimination Training
A learning technique that teaches people to differentiate between stimuli and respond appropriately to them.
Ex: teaching to identify the color blue by presenting them with two objects one red and one blue
Differential Reinforcement
A behavior modification technique used in ABA to encourage desired behaviors while discouraging undesired ones.
DRA
reinforced after every desired behavior
DRO
Reinforced for desired behavior after a specified period of time
DRI
Reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior while reinforcement for then problem behavior
Ex: a child who twiddles their hair while watching TV can be reinforced for cuddling a teddy bear instead.
Extinction
A procedure that involves stopping the reinforcement of a behavior that was previously reinforced
Ex: ignoring screaming, turning of TV
Client Dignity
a fundamental right that involves treating clients with respect and dignity regardless of their circumstances, abilities or challenges
Stimulus Control Transfer
teaching individuals to respond to a specific stimuli in their environment
Ex: Saying dog when prompted, then gradually when shown a picture and then with a real dog
Prompting
a strategy that uses cues or assistance to help learners respond correctly to an instruction or question
TOP: Verbal
“Please pick up your toys”
TOP: Modeling
Showing someone how to do something
TOP: Physical
Gently guiding learners body to preform action
TOP: Gestural
Pointing to Location or item
TOP: Textual
Written text that describes how to do something
TOP: Visual
Use of visual aids, like pictures, schedules etc.
Crisis and Emergency
an unexpected and potentially dangerous situation that requires immediate intervention to ensure safety.
Antecedent Interventions
strategies used in ABA therapy to modify the environment before challenging behavior occurs
Ex: child frequently elopes for chair, chair is moved to corner
Time Sampling
A data collection method in ABA that involves observing behavior at specific intervals rather than continuously
Ex: the interval is 10 mins long, observer might set an alarm for the 9 min mark and observe
Mand
A request or demand
Ex: saying water to indiacte they want a drink or “i want water” to be more specific
Tact
A label
Ex: identifying an object, action or event
Whole Interval
To measure behaviors that occur continuously over a period of time
Ex: Observing a child playtime behavior by recording if the child plays with a specific toy for the entire 3 min interval
Partial Interval
Data collection method used in ABA to observe if a behavior occurs at any point within a specific time interval
Momentary Measuring
Measuring and analyzing behavior
Ex: measuring how often a student falls asleep during a lecture. the professor checks if the students head is don at the end of a 15 min interval
Intraverbals
Verbal responses to other verbal stimuli that are not exactly the same as the original stimuli
Ex: Answering questions, telling stories, recalling memory, small talk, fill in responses
Continuous Measurement
method used in ABA to track every instance a behavior over a specified period of time
Ex: counting how many times a child raises their hand in class
Discontinuous Measurement
A data collection method used in ABA to estimate the occurrence of behavior within specific time intervals
Ex: partial and whole interval
ABC data
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
Antecedent
Event, action or circumstance that occur before behavior
Behavior
Observable measurable actions or reaction of individual
Consequence
The action or response that follows the behavior
Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
A structured teaching method used i ABA that breaks down skills into smaller components and teaches them one by one
Ex: a trainer might ask a child to point to red object and reward them for a correct response. they can then move onto yellow and eventually ask the child about both colors
Positive Reinforcement
Involves adding something desirable or enjoyable after a behavior
Ex: a snack, verbal praise, or a toy
Negative Reinforcement
This involves removing or stopping something undesirable after a behavior
Differential Reinforcement
Contingent Reinforcement
This involves selectively reinforcing desired behavior while withholding reinforcement for undesired behavior
Non- Contingent Reinforcement
This involves giving a reward regardless of task completion
Operational Definition
A clear concise and measurable description of a behavior
Motivation Operations
Events that can encourage or prevent a specific behavior
Fixed Ratio
Reinforcement after a constant number of correct responses
Event Recording
Number of times a target behavior occurs and a time period
Deprivation
not having something often enough and in
return increases the effectiveness of it when used as a reinforcer
FOB: Automatic/Sensory
providing self-stimulation and is
automatically reinforced
FOB: Escape
avoiding or escaping a demand or undesirable task
FOB: Attention
can be socially mediated and seeks attention in
any way from others;
FOB: Access
tangible, wanting a preferred item
Echoic
verbal imitation; repeating the speaker
Error-less Teaching
prompt the correct response as soon as
you give the Sd. Essentially, you are not giving the client a
chance to make an error.
Functions of Behavior (FOB)
Used when determining why an
individual engages in certain behavior. ABA identifies 4
functions of a behavior: Escape, Access (tangibles), Attention
and Sensory (automatic reinforcement).
Imitation
Copying someone’s motor movements
Latency
The time between when the Sd is presented, and
the response is given.
Prompt Fading
gradually removing prompt levels needed or
fading out the intrusiveness.
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
a cue that signals reinforcement
is available if the subject makes a particular response
(Demand or Instruction).
Generalization
change occurs when that behavior occurs
outside of the learning environment. Generalization can
happen across settings, time and across people and exists
when the behavior occurs in these various environments.
Forward Chaining
Teaching skill steps one at a time from the
first step to the last and prompting all steps after the step
being taught. Reinforcement after teaching step and at the
end of the task.
Preference Assessment
Assessment to determine what a
child is motivated by.
