All Subjects Flashcards
1
Q
What does CONV do?
A
Changes the supplied field to the expected type
2
Q
What is the EXACT keyword do
A
Demands that the result be exactly the same value as the source
3
Q
How does CORRESPONDING work ( not move corresponding)
A
Can be used in a method call to use structure fields of same name and type as input parameters
4
Q
give an example of a SWITCH
A
As a replacement of a case/endcase
Gvtext = switch string( gvclass
When ‘Y’ then ‘bob’
When ‘4’ the ‘jim’
Else ‘fran’ )
Can also have local variables defined by LET
Can also be used with write. WRITE SWITCH string( gvfield when 4 then ‘it was 4
5
Q
Give an example if COND
A
Replaces if/elseif
Gvvalue = COND I( when la2 = 6 then 4 )
6
Q
What is difference between a data type and a data object
A
Objects take up memory. They are of a type. A type is just a specification
7
Q
What are the length and value ranges of the 6 numeric abap types
A
I - integer - length of 4 bytes - range of -2,147,483,648 to + 2,147,483,647 no decimals
p - packed - length of 1 to 16/initial length of 8, range of 2* length -1 and up to 14 decimals
F - binary floating point - length of 8 - max length +/- 1.79E+308 min len +/- 2.22E-308 and zero up to 16 decimals
DECFLOAT16 - floating point decimal - length of 8 - max length +/- 1E+385 min +/- 1E-383 and zero up to 16 decimals
DECFLOAT34 - floating point decimal - length of 16 - max/min +/- 1E+6145 min +/- 1E-6143 and zero up to 34 decimals
INT8 - large integer - 8 bytes - really big numbers with no decimals
8
Q
What is the maximum length of type C and N fields?
A
65,535
9
Q
What maximum length of a type X field?
A
65,535
10
Q
What’s the difference between clike and cseq?
A
Clike is for generic c,n,d,t, string
Csequence is for c and string only
11
Q
What are the predefined generic types in ABAP
A
ANY DATA SIMPLE (only for elementary of flat character like structures) NUMERIC (I,I8,F,P,DECFLOAT16,DECFLOAT34) DECFLOAT (DECFLOAT16,DECFLOAT34) CLIKE (C,N,D,T,STRING) CSEQUENCE(C,STRING) XSEQUENCE(X,XSTRING)
12
Q
What objects are part of the DEEP category?
A
All reference objects
All internal tables
All structures with at least one deep component
Data types String and Xstring
13
Q
How long can a literal be?
A
255
14
Q
What differences exist between string and text literals
A
Trailing spaces are suppressed in a text literal but not a string literal
Use quotes in text literal, back quotes in a string
15
Q
What are the three types of literals?
A
Numeric, text, string
16
Q
If a table is declared in a form, or function module, it is visible throughout the entire program. True or false?
A
True
17
Q
Can i have the same field name declared in the top of a program and in a form?
A
Yes, but the element of the same name in the top will not be a available while in the form
18
Q
An inline data declaration cannot be addressed statically before the declaration. True or false.
A
True
19
Q
Can inline declarations be used if the result type is generic? (Type any..)?
A
No
20
Q
How is a host variable defined in an sql statement?
A
@
21
Q
In new syntax for sql a comma must be between fields…true?
A
Yes
22
Q
In the new open sql, what part of the statement should be last
A
INTO
23
Q
In new sql what statement has been introduced?
A
FIELDS which can be placed after the FROM
24
Q
Is SUBMIT program a synchronous or asynchronous process
A
Sychronous. The only way to process something async from a program is to call a function module starting new task
25
How can i submit a program and fill the called program selection screen?
You can specify a variant or provide specific values for input fields
26
How do I pass a select option to a submit program?
WITH seloption (‘EQ’|’NE’) value
WITH sel-option BETWEEN val1 AND val2 SIGN (‘I’|’E’)
You can also pass a range table
27
What is the difference between LEAVE TO TRANSACTION and CALL TRANSACTION
Leave to transaction does not return to the calling program. Call transaction returns to the call point.
Call transaction skips the tcode auth check, not sure if leave to does or not.
28
What should you supply if from a program you call a transaction that does updates?
Specify the UPDATE as local, sync, async..
| Default is async
29
How can i fill screen data of a called transaction
Using a table of the BDCDATA type
Data gtdata type table of bdcdata.
CALL TRANSACTION ‘bob’
USING gtdata
30
How can I receive messages from a called transaction?
Using the MESSAGES addition
Data gtmesssages type table of BDCMSGCOLL
CALL TRANSACTION ‘bob’
MESSAGES gtmessages
31
If a CALL TRANSACTION is in a program running in background, what must the program provide.
Basically the entire BDC table must be filled including functions
I would just creat a FM myself
32
What are the fields in the BDCDATA structure
```
program (only first record)
Dynpro (only first rec of new screen)
Dynbegin (‘X’ for first rec of screen only)
Fnam
Fval
```
33
If i want to call a transaction from a program but not have the user see screens, what do I do?
Same as BDC. Use mode = ‘N’
34
Is ABAP compiled or generated?
Compiled at runtime
35
Are programs loaded every time they are called?
No, program loads are saved on the apllication server and database buffer
36
Are temporary versions of programs (those being edited) stored?
No, only temp versions are used
37
What is the PXA
Program Execution Area. Each program can only exist once per app server. Roll areas are created for each running copy of the program
38
How can i tell if a program is loaded in the PXA
Use ST02 detail analysis, click program in other objects, click buffered objects
39
What is the maximum number of external sessions a user can have?
What is the default?
Where is it set?
16
6
rdisp/max_alt_modes
40
What is the maximum number of internal sessions that each external session can have?
9
| These are the call transaction, submit….called from an external session process
41
How are function groups and global classes loaded into memory
One time when first called by a program. They are added to the program group and do not initiate a new internal session
42
Do internal sessions share function groups with other internal sessions or the external session?
No, the function group is loaded separately for each session
43
What happens when a function group calls another function group, what can happen
Errors can occur
44
Within a program group all programs share what components?
TABLES, NODES, COMMON PART
45
How can I analyze memory
SM04 and AL08
46
List some examples of how data can be shared between programs
```
Using the called program interface (selection screen)
ABAP memory
SAP memory (set/get)
Database tables
Local files
```
47
Give an example of ABAP Memory usage between internal sessions
EXPORT
conn = gconn
Flights = gflights (this is a table)
TO MEMORY ID ‘myid’
```
In next orogram
IMPORT
conn = gconn
Flights = gtflights
FROM MEMORY ID ‘myid’
```
48
How is the MEMORY ID cleared?
FREE MEMORY ID
49
When dealing with internal tables what do these three keywords do
CLEAR, REFRESH, FREE
CLEAR AND REFRESH remove the data
| FREE clears data and releases the memory
50
When dealing with passing strings and internal tables as parameters is by value different than by reference?
Technically no. They are passed by sharing. However, if you use call by value and then change the object in the called procedure then a resource intensive copy occurs
51
Where is a shared area defined?
Transaction SHMA
52
What is the super class of shared area classes?
CL_SHM_AREA
53
How can i see all shared memory
SHMM shared memory monitor
54
Name the 5 numeric data OBJECT types
I - integer
P - packed decimal
F - binary floating point arithmetic
DECFLOAT16 and DECFLOAT34 - decimal floating point
55
Are integer results rounded or truncated?
Rounded
56
In packed fields what are the two possible values of the last byte?
D for negative
| C for positive
57
When fixed point arithmetic is turned off, what happens?
The decimals definition of a packed field is only used for output. The program treats all numbers as integers regardless of the presence of a decimal.
So 123.67 is treated as 12367
58
DECFLOAT16 and DECFLOAT34 are like type P or type F in regards to accuracy of decimal handling?
Like type P
59
Explain the arithmetic conversion rules for mixed expressions
If all are I then I
If one is p then p
If one is f then f (this include DECFLOAT34 and DECFLOAT16)
If a type p and a type f exist, type f is used
60
What are the classical keywords used in text processing
CONCATENATE, FIND, REPLACE, SHIFT,SPLIT, CONDENSE, OVERLAY, TRANSLATE, WRITE TO
61
In unicode systems what mode should be used with the SHIFT keyword
PLACES IN BYTE MODE
62
List logical operators for character and byte operations
CO, CA, CS, CP, CN, NA, NS, NP
| BYTE-CO, BYTE-CA, BYTE-CS, BYTE-CN, BYTE-NA, BYTE-NS
63
If a D (date) field is used in arithmetic, its value is converted to..
The number of days since January 1, 0001
64
If a T (time) field is used in arithmetic its value is converted to…
The number of seconds since midnight
65
There are 16 formating options for expressions. Name 10
```
WIDTH
ALIGN (left, center, right)
PAD
CASE
SIGN
EXPONENT
DECIMALS
ZERO
STYLE
CURRENCY
NUMBER
DATE
TIME
TIMESTAMP
TIMEZONE
COUNTRY
```
66
What literals in string processing must be escaped by a \ in literal text
|
{
}
So if i want to have a } i would enter it as \}
67
There are 6 descriptive string functions. What are they?
STRLEN (returns length)
NUMCHAR (returns length excluding trailing blanks)
FIND (returns offset)
FIND_ANY_OF (returns offset of any character contained in the pattern, always case sensitive)
COUNT (number of occurrences)
COUNT_ANY_OF (number of occurrences of any character contained in pattern, always case sensitive)
68
What are the three categories of string functions
Descriptive functions which return a numeric result
Processing functions which return a character result
Predicate functions which return true or false
69
What are the 18 processing functions for strings? Name 12
```
Shift-left
shift-right
condense
to-upper and to-lower and to-mixed and from-mixed
replace
insert
substring
Cmax and cmin
Concat-lines-of
Escape
Match
Repeat
Reverse
Translate
```
70
What are the predicate string functions
Contains, contains-any-of, matches
71
What is the regular expression operator for any character?
.
| The preiod
72
What is the regular expression operator for zero or more occurrences?
*
| Asterisk
73
What is the regular expression operator for 1 or more.
+
| Plus
74
What is the regular expression operator for min/max occurrences?
{m,n}
75
What is the regular expression operator for exactly # of occurrences?
{m}
76
What is the regular expression operator for 0 or 1 occurrences?
?
| Question mark
77
What is the regular expression operator to indicate or?
|
| Like if it can be A or B it would be written as A|B
78
What is the regular expression operator for substring?
( )
So if a string could be ABC or ADC
I would write as A(B|D)C
79
What regular expression operators indicate the start and end of a line.
^ and $
80
What regular expression operators indicate the start and end of a word
\< and \>
81
What is the escape character for regular expressions.?
\
82
What are some of the regular expression operators for single character
. = any character
\u = any upper case
\l = any lower case
\d = any digit
[] = any value include between the brackets [ACDRf]
Placing a ^ in the brackets makes it a not [^ACDRf]
Placing a - makes it a value range [A-F] or [^A-F]
You can also use groups like [[:upper:]] or [[:digit:]]
83
Additional regular expression character combinations include
```
{n}
{n,m}
?
*
+
|
(?:)
( j
```
84
Where can regular expressions be used in ABAP keywords?
FIND and REPLACE
85
What string functions support the use of regular expressions
```
COUNT
COUNT_
CONTAINS
FIND
FIND_
MATCH
MATCHES
REPLACE
SUBSTRING
SUBSTRING_
```
86
Can a standard table have a unique key?
No
87
What additional object is created when creating a hash table?
A hash board
88
Can I loop at a hash table?
Yes you can. And you can loop using the defined keys
89
Can a hash table be sorted?
Yes it can. Only needed if you are going to loop thru it
90
What are three index operations that might corrupt a sorted table?
APPEND, MODIFY, INSERT (index specified)
91
When the key is implicit, does the FROM need to have the same structure as the INTO?
No
READ TABLE bob
FROM bobsearch
INTO bobresult
In this case the fields of bobsearch are used as key fields but the structure does not need to match bobresult
92
What is internal table implicit key vs explicit key
FROM is implicit. The fields of the key are populated in a structure
DELETE TABLE tbob FROM areabob
WITH TABLE KEY
Fld1 = val1
93
What is the easist way to look at code and tell whether the access is key or index
All index access has the word INDEX. All key access has the word TABLE. INDEX and TABLE are mutually exclusive when accessing internal tables
94
When using DELETE by key. What two approaches work?
FROM, or TABLE KEY. Generic KEY can not be used
95
With what KEY operations are limited to using an implicit (from) key?
MODIFY, INSERT
96
What three index operations can be used on standard and sorted tables
DELETE, APPEND, MODIFY, INSERT
97
What three stanents can be used without the INDEX addition within a loop that will cause an exception if used outside of a loop?
INSERT, MODIFY, DELETE can all be used without the index addition within a loop because the system will use sy-tabix as the default. Using these statements outside of a loop without the INDEX addition causes a short dump
98
When using the WHERE keyword with MODIFY within an internal table, what other keyword must be used?
TRANSPORTING
99
When using the WHERE clause for internal table processing, the TABLES keyword is omitted. True or false.
True
| Delete mytab where carrid = ‘BOB’
100
Can a WHERE clause be used when accessing a HASH table?
Apparently yes but i need to check on this
101
After 7.4 move-corresponding can be used for internal tables as well as structures. Is this statement true?
Yes
102
If I want to use move-corresponding to populate a table from a table without overwriting existing lines what KEYWORD must I add?
KEEPING TARGET LINES
MOVE-CORRESPONDING tab1 TO tab2 KEEPING TARGET LINES
103
What are the 3 variants of the COMPARING keyword used for deleting adjacent duplicates?
COMPARING
COMPARING col1 col2 col3
COMPARING ALL FIELDS
104
What prerequisite must be met before the COLLECT statement can be used?
All non-key fields must be numeric. Easily accomplished by declaring the internal table with the DEFAULT KEY option.
105
Secondary table keys can be unique or non-unique. Is this true?
Yes
106
Secondary internal table keys can be of what types
UNIQUE STANDARD
NON-UNIQUE SORTED
UNIQUE HASHED
107
What is the maximum number of secondary keys for an internal table?
15
108
What are the four internal table processing statements where a secondary key cannot be used?
APPEND, INSERT, READ TABLE…WITH TABLE KEY, DELETE TABLE …WITH TABLE KEY
109
What’s more expensive, a secondary key, or resorting a table?
The secondary key is more expensive
110
READ TABLE itab1 INDEX idx INTO workarea
| Can be replaced with…..in the new syntax?
workarea = itab1[idx]
111
READ TABLE itab INDEX idx USING KEY key INTO workarea
| Can be replaced by what using new syntax?
Workarea = itab[ KEY key INDEX idx]
112
READ TABLE itab WITH KEY col1 = ‘val1’ INTO workarea
| Can be replaced by what using new syntax?
Workarea = itab[ col1 = val1 ]
113
```
READ TABLE itab WITH TABLE KEY key
COMPONENTS
col1 = val1
INTO workarea.
Can be replaced by what in new syntax?
```
Workarea = itab[ KEY key col1 = val1 ]
Note components keyword is optional after key
114
What would the following do?
Tab2 = VALUE #( BASE = tab1
Col1 = ‘bob’ ) ).
This would append a line to tab1 before copying it to tab2
115
What is the difference between these commands?
VALUE #( BASE = itab2 )
VALUE #( FOR tline in itab2 where(….
BASE is all of the table
FOR is an iterative statement. We will loop thru itab2 into tline based on the where statement. So lines not in the where statement will not be processed
116
Two new built in functions exist for determining if a line exists and where. Give examples of both.
idx = LINE_INDEX( itab1[ ] )
IF LINE_EXISTS( itab1[ ])
….
ENDIF.
117
How is a generic data reference declared?
Type ref to DATA
118
How do I assign a data reference to an actual data field?
GET REFERENCE OF into
so;
data my_field type I value 10.
data my_ref type ref to I.
GET REFERENCE OF my_field into my_ref.
or
my_ref = REF #( my_field ).
119
What does the dereference of a data object do? and when must it be used?
It can always be used as an alternative but when the reference is TYPE REF TO DATA it must be used. And the result mut be assigned to a field symbol.
data my_field type I value 10.
data my_ref type ref to data
GET REFERENCE OF my_field into my_ref.
Assign my_ref->* to .
120
How can I tell if a reference is assigned?
If is [NOT] bound
121
Assign, check assignment, unassign a field symbol
ASSIGN my_field TO .
IF is assigned....
UNASSIGN
122
How is an inline field symbol declared
ASSIGN afield TO FIELD_SYMBOL()
123
Is a field symbol a dereferenced pointer?
Yes, it pretty much is
124
Can you use CASTING when accessing an internal table with a field symbol?
No
125
List two restrictions for using field symbol assignment in a LOOP
You cannot use SUM
| You can not reassign or unassign the field symbol within the loop
126
ABAP allows what types of dynamic statements
Dynamic
- extension of internal tables or strings
- offset and length specifications
- Specification of program object names (forms, methods, sort criteria..)
- Specification of type and data declarations
127
In a select statement, what can be dynamically supplied
FROM, WHERE, and the field list
128
In a select statement, what cannot be dynamically supplied
INTO (although you can use an inline declaration to serve the same purpose)
129
When a dynamic object is used, how is it identified
In parentheses with no spaces (dynamic)
130
When calling a function module or method dynamically, how are parameters passed?
Using the PARAMETER-TABLE statement
131
When calling a function module or method dynamically, how are exceptions passed?
Using the EXCEPTION-TABLE statement
132
What does INSERT REPORT do
Creates a permanent program in the repository
133
GENERATE SUBROUTINE POOL
Creates a transient include
134
Is it possible to dynamically assign a variable to a fields symbol?
Yes, use type ANY
FIELD-SYMBOL .
gv_name = 'MY_STRUCT-FIELD'.
ASSIGN (gv_name) to .
135
When assigning components of a structure are assigned to a field system, what are the two methods of addressing?
By name or component number.
136
What is the only keyword that can be used to dereference a generically typed reference variable?
```
ASSIGN reffld->* to
FS must be a generically typed field symbol
example
DATA my_data TYPE REF TO DATA.
FIELD-SYMBOL TYPE ANY
ASSIGN mY_data->* TO .
= 5
```
137
What is the RTTI and what is it used for?
Runtime Type Identification and it is used to query information about run time objects
138
What are the four abstract classes of the RTTI
CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR
CL_ABAP_DATADESCR
CL_ABAP_COMPLEXDESCR
CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR
139
What are the six RTTI classes tht can be instanciated?
```
CL_ABAP_ELEMDESCR
CL_ABAP_REFDESCR
CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESC
CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR
CL_ABAP_CLASSDESCR
CL_ABAP_INTFDESCR
```
140
Can the RTTI classes be instantiated directly using CREATE OBJECT?
No, you must use the static method CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_xxxx
141
What are the four DESCRIBE_BY_ types in RTTI?
DESCRIBE_BY_NAME
DESCRIBE_BY_DATA
DESCRIBE_BY_DATA_REF
DESCRIBE_BY_OBJECT_REF
142
What is the RTTC?
RunTime Type Creation
143
Describe what the CREATE DATA statement builds
The CREATE DATA statement;
- creates a data object dynamically
- assigns memory to it
- points the data reference variable to tht object in memory
- The data object is not given a name and has to be dereferenced to be used
144
What tasks are performed by the Open SQL Interface?
- Translate the open SQL to native SQL
- Add the client to the request
- Manages the SAP buffer
145
What is a DB-WP and what does it do?
The DataBase Work Process is a shadow process of the database. Each SAP WP is assigned to one DB-WP when database access is required
146
What is the transaction code for SQL Trace
ST05
147
What are the two types of database optimizers?
Rule based and cost based
148
What are the read times for these three scenarios?
Read from Application Server Table Buffer
Read from Database Buffer
Read from Database
.1ms for app server
1ms for database buffer
10ms for database
149
What is the recommended setting for buffer refresh in seconds?
60 to 240
150
What is the size recommendation for buffered tables
Less than 10mb
151
What happens if the table buffer runs out of space?
The newly buffered objects will overwrite the old
152
What is read to determine if buffered information has changed and needs to be sychronized
DDLOG
153
What fields cannot be used in the Select/Order by clause
String, LCHAR, LRAW, RAW_STRING
154
Can SELECT DISTINCT be used on Pool and Cluster tables?
Yes, but you must use * in the field list. You cannot select individual columns
155
What are the 5 aggregate functions allowed by Open Sql
```
Min( colname }
Max( colname )
AVG( colname )
SUM( colname )
Count( * )
```
156
What are the two prerequisites for using "ORDERBY PRIMARY KEY"
Single table in the FROM. No views
| All fields of the primary key must be included in the field list
157
What will COUNT( DISTINCT colname ) provide
A count of the unique values of the column
158
If a select contains both columns and aggregate functions, how is the data returned?
As a table
159
If a select contains both columns and aggregate functions, what other keyword must exist?
GROUP BY. Group by must include all non-aggregate fields in the field list. It can contain fields not in the select list but this is not recommended
160
What can the HAVING function contain
HAVING is after group by. It can only contain fields in the GROUP BY clause or aggregate functions.
161
Do Aggregate functions in the HAVING need to mimic the aggregate functions in the Select?
Nope, they can be different
162
There are 8 types of operators used with the WHERE clause. Name them!
- The EQ, LT, GT, NE, LE, GE or (=,,<>, <=,>=)
- BETWEEN obj1 AND obj2
- IN (obj1, obj2)
- IN a range table or select option table
- LIKE using % as the wildcard, or _ for single character
- IS [NOT] NULL
- AND, OR
- NOT
163
In a LIKE comparison how can I search for a wildcard character such as !
use the keyword ESCAPE. For example
WHERE fld1 LIKE '__!_' ESCAPE '!'
would allow a search for a _ in the third column of the field
164
Can the APPENDING be used in a select statement where the target table is HASHED or SORTED
Yes, the APPENDING and APPENDING CORESPONDING ncan be used. The system converts these to inserts
165
What is the only possible reason to use a SELECT/ENDSELECT
If the result set would be too large for the memory area
166
What Parameter can be added to select/endselect to control the number of records of each pass
PACKAGE SIZE
167
The class lists 9 new operators and functions for 750. What are they?
```
&&
LENGTH
LPAD
LTRIM
RTRIM
RIGHT
REPLACE
SUBSTRING
CONCAT
```
168
What is the difference between && and CONCAT?
CONCAT uses exactly 2 operands.
CONCAT can handle sting types
CONCAT can have a reult length of 1333 where as && has a max of 255
169
There are 10 new arithmetic operands that can be used within the select. Name them.
+, -, *, /
ABS, CEIL, FLOOR, DIV, MOD
ROUND
170
What keyword can be used in a select to convert the type of a field to one that can be used in mathematical equations
CAST( fld as TYPE type ) / CAST( fld2 as TYPE type )
171
Can only fields of the table be used in CAST?
No, CAST( 100 as TYPY FLTP ) is also acceptable
172
Can CASE be used in a select statement?
```
Yes it can
CASE fld1
WHEN 'A' THEN '123'
WHEN 'B' THEN 'ABC'
ELSE '1W2'
END AS fld2.
```
173
Within a select can CASE only be used with a single field?
```
No, CASE can also be used in expressions. For example
CASE
WHEN fld1 GT fld2 THEN 'X
ELSE ' '
END AS fld2
```
174
Nested selects should.....?
Be avoided at all costs
175
Client handling in views is the responsibility of the programmer.....?
Not any more. Implicit handling of CLIENT now happens automatically
176
What is the maximum number of tables in a join?
50
177
What is the maximum number of subqueries in a join?
50
178
Where can a subquery be added to a SELECT?
In the WHERE or HAVING clause
179
When using FOR ALL ENTRIES how are duplicates handled
They are deleted. It is best if you can remove duplicates from the driving table
180
How does ASSERT work?
If the ASSERT is false then the program fails
181
What are the four states of an ASSERT
Inactive (bypassed)
Break (debugger opens if assertion fails)
Log (write to the log if the assertion fails)
Abort (runtime error if fails)
182
What are the run time analysis tcodes
SAT replaced SE30
183
In ST05 results what are the two methods of grouping SQL statements
Value Identical and Structure Identical
184
How is the SQL Monitor accessed
First it must be activated. It is activated by SQLM. It can be read thru SQLM or SQLMD
