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AWS Cloud Practitioner 2023 > All Section > Flashcards

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1
Q

Regions

A

22 so far, cluster of data centers

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2
Q

Availability Zones

A

At least 2 per region; has at least 1 data center in it; creates no single point of failure

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3
Q

country-region-region number followed by availability zone

A

AZ naming scheme

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4
Q

Edge Locations

A

AWS endpoints; consists of CloudFront, Content Delivery Network (CDN), and Route 53

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5
Q

Capital Expenditure

A

upfront investments to obtain fixed asset

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6
Q

operating expenditure

A

day to day expenses

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7
Q

AWS Cost Explorer

A
  • A tool that enables you to visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time
  • breakdown by service or cost tag
  • predictions for next three months
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8
Q

AWS Budgets

A
  • gives you the ability to set custom budgets that alert you when your costs or usage exceed (or are forecasted to exceed) your budgeted amount
  • play and track usage by service
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9
Q

AWS TCO Calculator

A
  • Total Cost Ownership
  • calculator for savings from data center to cloud
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10
Q

Resource tags

A

meta data to group projects when calculating costs

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11
Q

AWS Organizations

A
  • An account management service that enables you to consolidate multiple AWS accounts
  • multiple accounts under master for Consolidated Billing
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12
Q

AWS Pricing Calculator

A
  • lets you explore AWS services, and create an estimate for the cost of your use cases on AWS.
  • deprecated version known as Simple Monthly Calculator
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13
Q

AWS Support

A
  • Has 2 services: AWS Personal Health Dashboard & AWS Trusted Advisor
  • resource support
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14
Q

AWS Personal Health Dashboard

A
  • service that provides alerts and remediation for impacting events
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15
Q

AWS Trusted Advisor

A
  • service that compares usage against best practice; 7 core checks
  • provides personalized recommendations
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16
Q

Trusted Advisor checks

A

5 checks:
- cost optimization
- performance
- security
- fault tolerance
- service limits

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17
Q

Basic, Developer, Business, Enterprise

A

4 tiers of support

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18
Q

Support differences

A
  • Communication method
  • Response time
  • Cost
  • Type of guidance offered
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19
Q

Basic Support

A
  • Support plan with 7 trusted advisor checks, personal health dashboard, docs/support forms
  • NO support engineers
  • Free
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20
Q

Developer Support

A
  • support plan that includes all in basic support
  • 1 primary contact
  • business hour email access to support engineers
  • starts at $29/mo
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21
Q

Business Support

A
  • support plan that includes all in basic and developer
  • Full Trusted Advisor Checks
  • 24/7 phone, email, chat access
  • unlimited contacts
  • third part software support
  • starts at $100/mo
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22
Q

Enterprise Support

A
  • support plan that includes all in basic, developer, and business
  • designed Technical Account Manager (TAM)
  • concierge support team
  • starts at $15k/mo
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23
Q

Response Times for Developer Plan

A
  • General Guidance: 24 business hours
  • System Impaired: 12 business hours
  • Prod System Impaired: NA
  • Prod System Down: NA
  • Business Critical System Down: NA
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24
Q

Response Times for Business Plan

A
  • General Guidance: 24 total hours
  • System Impaired: 12 total hours
  • Prod System Impaired: 4 hours
  • Prod System Down: 1 hour
  • Business Critical System Down: NA
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25
Q

Response Times for Enterprise Plan

A
  • General Guidance: 24 total hours
  • System Impaired: 12 total hours
  • Prod System Impaired: 4 hours
  • Prod System Down: 1 hour
  • Business Critical System Down: 15 min
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26
Q

AWS Quick Starts

A

Step by step deployment for common platform

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27
Q

AWS Partner Network Consulting Partners

A

Third party connection tool

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28
Q

AWS Professional Services

A
  • a global team of experts that can help you with your desired business outcomes for AWS
  • help directly with AWS resources
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29
Q

Console, CLI, SDK

A

3 ways to interact with AWS

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30
Q

Console

A

Interaction method good for testing out a service

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31
Q

CLI and SDK

A

Interaction method(s) good for automation

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32
Q

SDK

A

Interaction method for app integration

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33
Q

Root and IAM

A

2 types of AWS users

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34
Q

Compute Services

A

Service to use cloud based VMs; web, DB, data processing

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35
Q

EC2

A
  • IaaS service
  • Elastic Compute Cloud
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36
Q

Hosting web server, batch processing, API server, remote desktop

A

4 use cases for EC2

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37
Q

Instance Type

A
  • Defines processor, memory, storage
  • Cannot change without downtime
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38
Q

General purpose, compute, memory, or storage optimized, accelerated computing

A

3 categories of instance types

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39
Q

Root Device Types

A
  • Instance store
  • Elastic block store (EBS)
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40
Q

Instance Store

A

Ephemeral storage; Physically attached to host

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41
Q

Amazon Machine Image

A
  • Provides the information required to launch an instance
  • Template for EC2 instance like config, OS, data
  • Can be shared across accounts
  • Can be custom; commercial ones in AWS marketplace
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42
Q

5 types of EC2 purchases

A
  • On-demand
  • Reserved
  • Savings plan
  • Spot
  • Dedicated
  • Default is on-demand
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43
Q

Reserved

A
  • EC2 purchase type for consistent instances
  • Discount from on-demand when committing to a specific period of time
  • Capacity reservation for specific instance type
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44
Q

Savings Plan

A
  • Purchase types not limited to EC2
  • Is used for EC2, Fargate, Lambda
  • No reserved capacity
  • Up to 72% savings compared to on-demand
  • 1 or 3 year terms
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45
Q

Spot

A
  • purchase type mostly used for batch processing
  • up to 90% savings compared to on-demand
  • like stock market for instance
  • instances launch with highest bidder; otherwise, kicked off
  • 2 minutes notify
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46
Q

Dedicated Host

A
  • most expensive purchase type
  • dedicated physical server
  • good if you have per server license
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47
Q

Elastic Beanstalk

A
  • service that automates deployment & scaling process on EC2
  • leverages existing services; only pay for other services
  • handles provisioning, load balancing, scaling, and monitoring
    Supports Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go, Docker
  • EC2 customization feature
  • to deploy apps with minimal knowledge of other services
  • reduces app maintenance
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48
Q

AWS Lambda

A
  • compute service where you are charged on execution time
  • enables event-driven workflows
  • primary service for serverless architecture
    Advantages: reduced maintenance, fault tolerance, scales based on demand
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49
Q

6 types of Content and Network Delivery Services

A

Amazon Route 53,
Amazon VPC, AWS Direct Connect, Amazon API Gateway, Amazon CloudFront, Elastic Load Balancing

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50
Q

Amazon VPC

A
  • isolated section of the AWS Cloud
  • supports IPv4 and IPv6; can configure network settings
  • supports public and private subnets
  • can utilize Network Address Translation (NAT) for private subnets
  • enables connections to data center
  • can connect to other VPCs
  • supports private connection to other AWS Services
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51
Q

AWS Direct Connect

A
  • service for dedicated network connection from data center to AWS
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52
Q

Amazon Route 53

A
  • highly available and scalable DNS web service
  • leverage edge locations
  • global service; highly available and rare downtimes
  • global resource routing
  • can use server fail backups
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53
Q

Elastic Load Balancing

A
  • Distributes traffic across multiple targets
  • integrates with EC2, ECS (Docker Service), Lambda
  • supports one of more AZs in a region
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54
Q

Application Load Balancer, Network Load Balancer, Classic Load Balancer

A

3 types of load balancers; default is classic (known as ELB)

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55
Q

Vertical and Horizontal

A

2 EC2 scaling types

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56
Q

Vertical Scaling

A

Scaling to better instance types

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57
Q

Horizontal scaling

A

Adding more of the same instance type

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58
Q

Amazon CloudFront

A
  • CDN
  • leverages edge locations
  • for static and dynamic content
  • Security features: AWS Shield for DDoS
  • AWS Web Application Firewall (WAF)
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59
Q

Amazon API Gateway

A
  • Fully managed API management service
  • Can create and manage APIs
  • Directly integrates with other AWS services
  • API call monitoring and metrics
  • Supports VPC and on-premise private applications
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60
Q

AWS Global Accelerator

A
  • networking service that improves user performance up to 60%
  • utilizes IP addresses instead of DNS like CloudFront
  • once traffic reaches edge locations, traffic is routed through AWS network instead of public internet
  • can route to AWS resources like load balancers and EC2 instances
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61
Q

Global Accelerator

A

performance improvements from this service by:
- minimizing distance between user and endpoint by using edge locations
- optimizing traffic using AWS network
- improvement of first byte latency, jitter, throughput
- superior fault tolerance by not relying on DNS resolution

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62
Q

Global Accelerator

A

use cases for this network service:
- using non-http protocols
- requiring static IP
- instant failover

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63
Q

6 types of file storage services

A

Amazon S3, Amazon S3 Glacier, Amazon Elastic Block Store, Amazon Elastic File System, AWS Snowball, AWS Snowmobile

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64
Q

Amazon S3

A
  • storage service used to store files as objects in buckets
  • storage classes for different use cases
  • stores data across multiple AZs
  • URL access for files
  • configurable rules for data lifecycle
  • can serve as static web host
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65
Q

4 types of S3 non-archival classes

A

Standard, Intelligent-tiering, Standard-IA, One Zone-IA

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66
Q

Standard

A
  • S3 default non-archival storage class
  • Used for frequently accessed data
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67
Q

Intelligent-Tiering

A
  • S3 non-archival storage class
  • moves data to storage class based on usage based on frequency access
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68
Q

Standard-IA

A
  • S3 non-archival storage class
  • for infrequently accessed data
  • spread across multiple AZs
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69
Q

One Zone-IA

A
  • S3 non-archival storage class
  • for infrequently accessed data
  • only in one AZ
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70
Q

Lifecycle Policies

A

For S3:
- bucket objects can transition or expire based on criteria
- transition based on time not usage
- expiration on age
- policies can account for versions of an object

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71
Q

Transfer Acceleration

A

Optimized data upload using edge location as a part of CloudFront

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72
Q

Glacier & Glacier Deep Archive

A
  • 2 services for archiving data within S3 as separate storage classes
  • offers configurable retrieval times
  • can send files directly or through lifecycle rules
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73
Q

S3 Glacier

A
  • Service for archival data
  • 90 day min storage duration change
  • Retrieved in minutes or hours
  • Retrieval fee per GB
  • 5x LESS expensive than S3 standard storage class
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74
Q

S3 Glacier Deep Archive

A
  • For archival data
  • 180 day min storage duration change
  • Retrieved in hours
  • Retrieval free per GB
  • 23x LESS expensive than S3 standard storage class
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75
Q

Elastic Block Store

A
  • Persistent storage; separate from host
  • Persistent block storage for use with a single EC2 instance
  • Scales to support PB of data & multiple volume types
  • Redundancy within AZ
  • Allows snapshots of data
  • Offers encryptions
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76
Q

EBS volume types

A
  1. General purpose SSD
  2. Provisioned IOPS SSD; high performance for low latency apps
  3. Throughput optimized HDD; frequently accessed data
  4. Cold HDD; less frequently accessed workloads
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77
Q

Elastic File System (EFS)

A
  • Fully managed Network File System (NFS)
  • Designed for Linux workloads
  • Supports PB of data
  • Stores data across multiple AZs
  • Provides configurable lifecycles rules
78
Q

Standard, Infrequent Access

A

2 EBS Storage Classes

79
Q

Amazon FSx for Windows File Server

A
  • fully managed native Windows file system
  • Utilizes SSDs for low latency
  • Native Windows features like:
  • SMB (Server Message Block) support
  • Active Directory Integration
  • Windows NTFS
80
Q

AWS Snowball

A
  • large scale data transfer
  • PB scale transfers
  • physical device delivered by AWS to office location
  • connect Snowball to your network and upload data
  • Device is returned by local carrier to AWS
  • AWS receives device and loads data into S3
81
Q

AWS Snowmobile

A
  • large scale data transfer
  • EB scale transfers
  • shipping container delivered to location
  • AWS sets up connection to network
  • loads data onto snowmobile
  • AWS loads data into S3 when the container is at AWS location
  • can do multiple trips
82
Q

6 database and utility services

A

Amazon RDS, Amazon Aurora, Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon Redshift, Elasticache, AWS Database Migration Service

83
Q

Amazon RDS

A
  • Fully managed service for relational databases
  • Handles provisioning, patching, backups, and recovery
  • Can deploy across multiple AZs
  • Supports read replicas for some platforms
  • Launches into VPC
  • Provides both GP SSD and provisioned IOPS SSDs
84
Q

6 Amazon RDS supported platforms

A

MySQL, PostgresSQL, MariaDB, Oracle, SQL Server, Amazon Aurora

85
Q

Amazon DMS (Data Migration Service)

A
  • Service to move data into AWS from existing data
  • supports one time and continual migration
  • supports popular commercial and open source databases
  • only pay for computation in migration process
86
Q

Amazon DynamoDB

A
  • fully managed NoSQL database service
  • provides key-value and document DB
  • low latency at any scale
  • supports automated scaling based on config
  • offers in-memory cache with DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)
  • Handles 20 mil reqs/sec and 10 tril reqs/day
87
Q

Amazon DynamoDB

A
  • NoSQL database service use cases:
  • scaling without excessive maintenance
  • serverless applications
  • implementations that require low latency
  • data models without BLOB (Binary Large Object) storage
88
Q

Amazon ElastiCache

A
  • fully managed in-memory data store
  • supports both Memcached and Redis
  • low latency
  • enables scaling and replicas to meet demand
  • handles common use cases:
  • DB layer caching
  • session storage
89
Q

Amazon Redshift

A
  • scalable data warehouse service
  • supports PB scale warehousing
  • high performance disks and columnar storage
  • offers full encryption for content
  • provides isolation with a VPC
  • enables querying of EB of data in S3 using Redshift Spectrum
90
Q

Amazon Aurora

A
  • relational DB engine compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL
91
Q

3 app integration service

A

Amazon SNS (Simple Notification Service), Amazon SQS (Simple Queue Service), AWS Step Functions

92
Q

Amazon SNS

A
  • fully managed publish and subscribe messaging service
  • can create decoupled application
  • organized based on topics
  • integrates with other AWS services
  • provides end user notification via SMS, email, and push
    • short lived messages; if not subbed, completely miss the info
93
Q

Amazon SQS

A
  • like a mailbox
  • fully managed message queue service
  • can create decoupled and fault tolerant apps
  • up to 256KB per message
  • message can be stored up to 14 days
94
Q

2 types of SQS queues

A

Standard (cannot guarantee order), FIFO (guarantees order)

95
Q

AWS Step Functions

A
  • orchestration of workflows through fully managed service
  • supports serverless architecture
  • supports complex workflows including error handling
  • charged per state transition and other AWS services used
  • workflows defined using Amazon States Lanauge (kind of like JSON)
96
Q

AWS Step Function Integrations

A
  • Service integrates with:
  • Compute services (like lambda)
  • DB services (like dynamoDB)
  • Messaging services (SNS & SQS)
  • ML services
97
Q

6 types of Management and Governance services

A

AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudWatch, AWS Config, AWS Systems Manager, AWS Control Tower

98
Q

AWS CloudTrail

A
  • log, continuously monitor, retain account activity
  • event history throughout all tools and services
  • audit trails go to S3 bucket or into CloudWatch logs
  • logs events in the regions they occur
  • meets many compliance requirements for auditing
    • should be enabled on every AWS account
  • can consolidate into an Organizational trail using AWS Organizations
99
Q

CloudTrail Use Cases

A
  • Service’s use cases:
  • Compliance requirement
  • Forensic analysis
  • Operational analysis
  • Troubleshooting
100
Q

3 services used to manage infrastructure

A

Amazon CloudWatch, AWS Config, AWS Systems Manager

101
Q

Amazon CloudWatch

A
  • first class citizen service, meaning it integrates by default
  • monitoring and management service
  • collects logs, metrics, and events from most AWS services
  • enables alarms based on metrics
  • provides visualization for metrics
  • can create custom dashboards based on metrics
102
Q

AWS Config

A
  • Continuously monitors and records AWS resource configs
  • Provides config history
  • Works with custom rules and custom validation
  • Has conformance packs for compliance standard including PCI-DSS (used for payment info)
  • Works with AWS Organizations; both cross-region and cross-account
  • Provides remediation steps for infrastructure not meeting criteria
103
Q

AWS Systems Manager

A
  • view operational data from AWS services and automate operational tasks across AWS resources
  • to manage AWS infrastructure
  • automation for common maintenance actions (like library updates on multiple servers)
  • secure way to access servers using AWS credentials
  • stores commonly used params securely for operational use
104
Q

AWS CloudFormation

A
  • service for provisioning infrastructure based on templates
  • Free
  • Templates: YAML, JSON
  • enables infrastructure as code
  • provides drift detection to find changes in the infrastructure
105
Q

AWS OpsWorks

A
  • configuration management service
  • managed instances of Chef and Puppet
  • config defined as code for servers
  • Chef and Puppet manage lifecycles of config changes with servers
  • works in hybrid cloud architecture for both cloud-based and on-premise servers
106
Q

3 AWS OpsWorks subservices

A

Chef Automate, Puppet Enterprise, OpsWorks Stacks

107
Q

AWS Control Tower (with Organizations)

A
  • creates multi-account environments on AWS that follows best practices
  • centralizes users across all AWS accounts
  • provides creation of new accounts based on templates
  • has Guardrails for account, which are like permissions
  • include dashboard for operational insight
108
Q

Acceptable Use Policy

A
  • sending unsolicited mass emails is prohibited
  • hosting or distributing harmful content
  • pen tests are allowed for a list of specific services
109
Q

Least Privilege Access

A
  • only grant permissions to do task and no more
  • Don’t use own root account for daily tasks
110
Q

Shared Responsibility Model

A
  • security and compliance is shared between AWS and user
  • AWS has responsibility for security OF the cloud
  • user has responsibility for security IN the cloud
111
Q

AWS Responsibility

A
  • access and training for Amazon employees
  • global data enter and underlying network
  • hardware for global infrastructure
  • configuration management for infrastructure
  • patching cloud infrastructure and services
112
Q

Customer Responsibility

A
  • individual access to cloud resources and training
  • data security and encryption (in transit and rest)
  • OS, network, and firewall config
  • all code deployed onto cloud infrastrucutre
  • patching guest OS and custom apps
113
Q

AWS Well-Architected Framework

A
  • collection of best practices across the five pillars:
    1. Operation Excellence - running and monitoring systems for business value
    2. Security - protecting info and assets
    3. Reliability - recovery from disruptions
    4. Performance Efficiency - using resources efficiently
    5. cost Optimization - minimal costs
114
Q

High Availability

A
  • entire solution is running in an expected manner despite possible issues
115
Q

Fault Tolerance

A
  • supporting component failures
116
Q

High Availability and Fault Tolerance

A
  • Most managed AWS Services provide high availability out of the box
  • EC2 fault tolerance must be implemented
  • Multiple AZs should be leveraged
  • Some services can enable fault tolerance in custom apps: SQS, Route 53
117
Q

Compliance Common Standards

A

PCI-DSS, HIPAA, SOC 112/3, FedRamp, ISO 27018

118
Q

PCI-DSS

A
  • For processing credit cards
  • Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
119
Q

HIPAA

A
  • For healthcare data
  • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
120
Q

SOC 112/3

A
  • For operational processes
121
Q

FedRamp

A
  • For US government data
  • Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program
122
Q

ISO 27018

A
  • For personally identifiable info
123
Q

3 Compliance Services

A

AWS Config, AWS Artifact, Amazon GuardDuty

124
Q

AWS Config

A

Service that provides conformance packs

125
Q

AWS Artifact

A
  • service that provides access to compliance reports
126
Q

Amazon GuardDuty

A
  • Intelligent threat detection service
127
Q

AWS IAM

A
  • Identity and Access Management
  • service that controls access to AWS resources
  • FREE
  • manages authentication (login) & authorization (permissions)
  • supports identity federation through SAML provides including Active Directory (external identity provider)
128
Q

3 IAM Identities

A

Users, Groups, Roles

129
Q

IAM User

A

A person or application that can authenticate with an AWS account

130
Q

IAM Group

A
  • A collection of users under one set of permissions
  • Permission per group
131
Q

IAM Role

A
  • Enables user or AWS service to assume permission for a task
132
Q

IAM Policies

A
  • JSON that defines permissions for an AWS IAM Identity
  • defines accessible services and actions for that service
  • can be customer managed or AWS managed
133
Q

2 IAM Best Practices

A

MFA, Least Privilege Access

134
Q

Amazon Cognito

A
  • like IAM but for own apps
  • service that enables handling of authentication and aspects of authorization for apps via AWS
  • provides UI for many platforms
  • provides security features to control account access
  • enabled controlled access to AWS resources; like IAM
  • works with social and enterprise identity providers:
    like Google, Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft Active Directory, SAML 2.0 Provider
135
Q

2 On-Premise Data Integration Services

A

AWS Storage Gateway, AWS DataSync

136
Q

AWS Storage Gateway

A
  • integrates cloud storage into local network
  • deployed as VM or specific hardware appliance
  • integrates with S3 and EBS
137
Q

3 AWS Storage Gateway types

A

Tape, File, Volume

138
Q

Tape Gateway

A
  • Tape backups process store data in cloud on virtual tapes
139
Q

File Gateway

A

Stores files on S3 while providing cache low latency local access

140
Q

Volume Gateway

A

iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) volumes on cloud to local applications

141
Q

AWS DataSync

A
  • Agent is deployed as VM on local network
  • Integrates with S3, EFS, FSx for Windows File Server on AWS
  • Improved transfer speed due to custom protocols and optimizations
  • Charged per GB of transferred data
142
Q

3 AWS Data Processing Services

A

AWS Glue, Amazon EMR, AWS Pipeline

143
Q

AWS Glue

A
  • Fully managed Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) service
  • Supports data in RDS, DynamoDB, Redshift, S3
  • Serverless model of execution (manages infrastructure automatically)
144
Q

Amazon EMR

A
  • Elastic Map Reduce
  • big-data processing on EC2 and S3
  • supports popular open-source frameworks and tools
  • Operates in a clustered environment without additional config
  • Supports many use cases
145
Q

AWS Data Pipeline

A
  • managed ETL service
  • manages data workflow through AWS services
  • support S3, EMR, Redshift, DynamoDB, RDS
  • able to integrate on-premise data stores
146
Q

3 Data Analysis Services

A

Amazon Athena, Amazon Quicksight, Amazon CloudSearch

147
Q

Amazon Athena

A
  • fully managed serverless service
  • enables querying of large-scale data stored in S3
  • queries are written in standard SQL
  • charged based on data scanned for query
148
Q

Amazon Quicksight

A
  • Fully managed BI service
  • Enables dynamic data dashboard based on stored data
  • Charged on a per-user & per-session pricing model
  • Multiple versions provided based on needs
149
Q

Amazon CloudSearch

A
  • fully managed search service
  • supports scaling of search infrastructure to meet demand
  • charged per hour and instance type of search infrastructure
    *- enables developers to integrate search in custom apps
150
Q

3 AI/ML Services

A

Amazon Rekognition, Amazon Translate, Amazon Transcribe

151
Q

Amazon Rekognition

A
  • fully managed image and video deep learning service
  • identifies objects in images
  • identifies objects and actions in videos
  • can detect specific people using facial recognition
  • supports custom labels for business objects (cashier-less shopping)
152
Q

Amazon Translate

A
  • fully managed test translator service
  • currently support 54 languages
  • language identification both batch and real time
153
Q

Amazon Transcribe

A
  • fully managed speech recognition service
  • recorded speech converted into text
  • has sub-service for medical use
  • supports batch and real time transcription
  • currently supports 31 languages
154
Q

4 Disaster Recovery Architectures

A

Backup and Restore, Pilot light, Warm Standby, Multisite

155
Q

Backup and Restore

A
  • production data is backed up into S3
  • standard or archival storage class
  • EBS data can be stored as snapshots in S3
  • Disaster Recovery event uses process of launching a new environment
  • longest recovery time; cheapest
156
Q

Pilot light

A
  • key infrastructure components are kept running in the cloud
  • to reduce recovery time compared to B&R
  • cost builds up for running in the cloud
  • AMIs (Amazon Machine Image) prepared for additional systems and can be launched quickly
    *- core pieces of the system are always running
157
Q

Warm Standby

A
  • scaled down version of full environment in the cloud
  • critical systems can run on less capable instance types
  • instance types and other systems can be upgraded for disaster recovery
  • cost builds up for running infrastructure in the cloud
158
Q

Multisite

A
  • Full environment running at all times in the cloud
  • Utilizes instance types needed for production, not just recovery
  • Near seamless recovery; expensive
159
Q

2 Considerations when selecting a Backup Architecture

A

Recovery Time Objective (RTO), Recovery Point Objective (RPO)

160
Q

RTO

A
  • Time is takes to get systems back up and running
161
Q

RPO

A
  • Amount of data loss (in terms of time) during disaster recovery
162
Q

2 EC2 Scaling Services

A

Auto Scaling Group, Elastic Load Balancer

163
Q

Auto Scaling Group

A
  • launch template for the group’s instance configuration
  • define the min, max, and desired number of instances
  • performs health checks on each instance; status codes
  • exists within one of more AZs in a region
  • works with on-demand and spot instances
164
Q

AWS Secrets Manager

A
  • secure way to integrate credentials, API keys, tokens, and other secret content
  • integrates natively with RDS, DocumentDB, and Redshift
  • can auto-rotate credentials with integrated services
  • enables fine-grained access control to secrets
165
Q

3 VPC securities

A

Security Groups, Network ACLs, AWS VPN

166
Q

Security Groups

A
  • Serves as a firewall for EC2 instances
  • Control inbound and outbound traffic
  • Works at instance level; not subnet level
  • EC2 instances can belong to multiple security groups
  • VPCs have default security group
  • Must be explicitly associated with an EC2 instance
  • Defaulted to allow all outbound traffic
167
Q

Network ACL

A
  • Access Control List
  • works at subnet level within a VPC
  • enables you to allow and deny traffic
  • each VPC has default ACL, which allows all inbound and outbound
  • custom ACLs deny all traffic until rules are added
168
Q

AWS VPN

A
  • goes over public internet; DirectConnect uses AWS network
  • encrypted tunnel into VPC
  • used to connect own data center or individual client machines
  • support services: Site-to-site VPN, Client VPN
169
Q

3 infrastructure protection services

A

AWS Shield, Amazon Macie, Amazon Inspector

170
Q

AWS Shield

A
  • Provides protection against DDoS for apps running on AWS
  • Enables on-going threat detection and mitigation
  • 2 service levels: standard and advanced
171
Q

Amazon Macie

A
  • Utilizes ML to analyze data stored in S3
  • Detects personal info and intellectual property in S3
  • Provides dashboards that show how data is being stored and accessed
  • Alerts if it detects anything unusual about data access
172
Q

Amazon Inspector

A
  • Scanning of EC2 instances for security vulnerabilities
  • Charged by instance per assessment run
173
Q

Amazon Inspector 2 rules packages

A

Network Reachability Assessment, Host Assessment

174
Q

Network Reachability Assessment

A
  • Determines what servers provide to the internet
175
Q

Host Assessment

A
  • Vulnerability and config scanning
176
Q

2 Pre-defined Deployment Services

A

AWS Service Catalog, AWS Marketplace

177
Q

AWS Service Catalog

A
  • Serves as an organizational service catalog for the cloud
  • Can be single server image to multi-tier custom app
  • Enables organizations to use services that meet compliance
  • Supports lifecycles for services in catalog (update notification)
178
Q

AWS Marketplace

A
  • Curated catalog of third-party solutions for customer to run on AWS
  • Provides AMIs, CloudFormation stacks, and SaaS solutions
  • Enables different pricing options to overcome licensing in the cloud
  • Charges appear on AWS bill (but some are free)
179
Q

5 AWS Developer Tools

A

AWS CodeCommit, AWS CodeBuild, AWS CodeDeploy, AWS CodePipeline, AWS CodeStar

180
Q

AWS CodeCommit

A
  • Managed source control service that utilizes Git for repos
  • Control access with IAM policies
  • Alternative to GitHub and Bitbucket
181
Q

AWS CodeBuild

A
  • Managed build and continuous integration service on AWS
  • No worries about infrastructure maintenance
  • Charged per minute for compute resources utilized
182
Q

AWS CodeDeploy

A
  • Managed deployment service for deploying custom apps
    -Deploys to EC2, Fargate (container service), Lambda, and on-premise servers
  • Provides dashboard for deployments in AWS console
183
Q

AWS CodePipeline

A
  • Fully managed continuous delivery service on AWS
  • Provides capabilities to automate building, testing, and deploying
  • Integrates with other dev tools and GitHub
184
Q

AWS CodeStar

A
  • Workflow tool that automates the use of the other dev services
  • Create complete continuous delivery toolchain for custom apps
  • Charged for the other leveraged services
185
Q

Traditional Data Centers

A

Cons:
- Large investment
- difficult demand forecasting
- slow to deploy
- expensive maintenance
- own all security burden

186
Q

Cloud Computing

A
  • On-demand delivery of comp power, db, apps, and IT through internet

Pros:
- Variable expense not capital
- Economies of scale

187
Q

Elasticity

A

Ability to acquire and release resources efficiently

188
Q

IaaS

A

The full application and dependencies on the cloud

189
Q

SaaS

A

Cloud services like email

190
Q

PaaS

A

Wordpress, Elastic Beanstalks

191
Q

Deployment Models

A

Public, Private, Hybrid are types of…

192
Q

The 3 elements of the AWS Global Infrastructure

A

Regions, Availability Zones, Edge Locations

AWS Cloud Practitioner 2023 (1 decks)

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