All Required Court Cases

Question 1

Marbury v. Madison (1803)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 1

1. Article III- Judicial Review
2. The Supreme Court is allowed to nullify an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution

Question 2

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 2

1. Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause)/ Supremacy Clause
2. Established supremacy of the US Constitution and federal laws over state laws

Question 3

Schenck v. United States (1919)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 3

1. First Amendment Free Speech
2. Speech creating a “clear and present danger” is not protected

Question 4

Brown v. Board of Education I (1954)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 4

1. 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause
2. Raced based segregation is illegal

Question 5

Baker v. Carr (1961)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 5

1. 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause
2. Established “one man, one vote” and opens door to courts to reviewing redistricting challenges

Question 6

Engle v. Vitale (1962)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 6

1. 1st Amendment Establishment Clause
2. Schools cannot sponsor religious activities. No state sponsored prayer

Question 7

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 7

1. Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel
2. Guarantee of an attorney for the poor or indigent

Question 8

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 8

1. First Amendment- Freedom of Speech (Symbolic Speech)
2. Public school students have the right to wear black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War because it does not cause a disruption

Question 9

New York Times Co. V. United States (1971)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 9

1. First Amendment- Freedom of Press
2. Establishes a “heavy presumption against prior restraint” even in cases involving national security

Question 10

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 10

1. First Amendment- Free Exercise Clause
2. Cannot compel Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade

Question 11

Roe v. Wade (1973)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 11

1. Due Process Clause and 9th Amendment implied right of privacy (establish through Griswold v. CT)
2. Protects the right of a woman to have an abortion

Question 12

Shaw v. Reno (1993)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 12

1. 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause
2. Legislative redistricting must be conscious of race

Question 13

United States v. Lopez (1995)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 13

1. Commerce Clause
2. Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime

Question 14

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 14

1. 14th Amendment due process clause, Privileges and Immunities Clause, 2nd amendment
2. Right to keep and bear arms for self-defense applies to the states

Question 15

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)
1. Principle/Clause
2. Holding

Answer 15

1. 1st Amendment Free Speech
2. Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is protected and cannot be limited by law; Money = Speech