All Random Flashcards
anti-platelets
Aspirin, Clopridogrel
Angina, Acute MI, CVA/TIA, high risk MI
SE- haemorrhage
cromolyns
cromoglycate
asthma, mast cell stabiliser
anti- TNF
infliximab, adalimumab
bind to TNF and reduce production
severe IDB
Potassium sparing diuretic
spironolactone (reduces aldosterone)
fluid retention, HF, prevent hypokalaemia
SE- nausea, sickness, postural hypo, tiredness, fainting, gyneocomastia
immunosuppressant
methotrexate, azathioprine
reduce immune responce
TH1 in chron’s TH1 and 2 in UC
Corticosteroid (GI)
prednisolone, bucladesine
block substances that trigger allergic/ inflammatory response
acute attacks of IDB- high dose then reduce
SE- adrenal suppression, osteoporosis, hair thinning, weight gain, acne, diabetes, hypotension
aminosalicylates
5-ASA, sulfasalazine, mesalasine
reduce inflammation and cancer risk in IBD
mild UC, crohn’s
SE- nausea, vomitting, diarrhoea, headache, indigestion, allergies
PPIs
omeprazole
irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Peptic ulcer, gastritis, GORD, zollinger Ellisa syndrome
SE- increased risk of Cdif and pneumonia
Ca channel blockers
verapamil, diltiazem rate limiting amlodipine (dihydropyridines) hypertension, angina, rate limiting, SVT and AF caution when given with Bblockers
Corticosteroids (resp)
beclomethasone, oral prednisolone
p- acute asthma and COPD
b- inhaled as preventer- asthma, COPD
PGE analog
decrease acid secretion despite prostaglandin inhibition from COX inhibitor
prevent gastric damage due to NSAID
SE- diarrhoea, dont use in child bearing age
mucosal strengtheners
bismuth, sucralfate
bind to ulcer base, provide physical protection and allow HCO3 secretion to increase pH
ulcer healing, travelers diarrhoea
B blockers
cardio selective- atenolol non- propanolol (PAN ALL OVER-NON SPEC)
hypertension, angina, HF
SE- dont use in asthma or COPD, tiredness, worsening of HF (start slow), cold peripheries
Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker (ARB)
losartan (SARTAN)
HF, hypertension- used instead of ACEi if dry cough
SE- renal dysfunction, not in pregnancy
anticoagulant
heparin iv- fast
warfarin oral- slow- vit k antagonist (controlled by INR)
DVT, small PE, NSTEMI, AF
SE- haemorrhage
Thiazide diuretic
bendroflumethiazide
hypertension
SE- impotence, hypokalemia, tired, arrhythmias
Fibrinolytics
streptokinase, tPA
STEMI, large PE, CVA
SE- haemorrhage- avoid if recent trauma, bleed, peptic ulcer
ACEi
lisinopril, ramipril
hypertension, HF
SE- dry cough, renal dysfunction, oedema, never use in pregnancy
Anti acids
AlOH, CaHCO3, MgOH
neutralise stomach acid
GORD, ulcers, dyspepsia
SE- constipation, hypercalcaemia, diarrhoea, hypotension, cardiac problems
Digoxin
controls cardiac rhythm by reducing AV conduction time
AF
SE- bradycardia, heart block, nausea, yellow vision, ventricle irritability
PDE4 inhibitors
rofluminast- oral
anti inflammatory, reduces exacerbation
COPD, add on to LAMA and LABA in frequent exacerbations
SE- nausea, diarrhoea, headache, weight loss
ezetimibe
binds to NPILI and prevent uptake of cholesterol
high cholesterol
M antagonists (GI)
hyosine, scopolamine
inhibits GI movement and relaxes GI tract
prophylaxis- motion sickness
SE- blurred vision, urine retention, dry mouth, sedation
Fat folk
orlistat
inhibits pancreatic lipase- decreased breakdown and absorption of fats
induce weight loss
SE- steatarrhoea, decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins
cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist
montelukast oral
early in asthma
bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory
good in exercise induced asthma and allergic rhinitis
5HT3 antagonist
ondansetron
decreases vagal stimulation
anti emetic (non motion sickness)
post op + cancer chemo
laxative
lactulose- slow magnesium hydroxide- fast osmostic load drains water into GI tract constipation SE- diarrhoea, dehydration, bulemics may use
nitrates
isosorbidemononitrate, GTN
angina, acute HF
SE- headaches, hypotension, tolerence (need 8 hourse per day nitrate free)
loop diuretic
furosemide
HF
SE- hyperglycaemia, diabetes, increased uric acid- gout
Anti cholesterol agents
statins- simvustatin
hypercholestremia, diabetes, angina, MI, over 55
fibrates- hezafibrate
hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL
SE- Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (muscle fibres in the blood)
methylxanthines
theophylline, aminophylline
oral theo for maintenance, added to ICS for asthma and COPD
iv amino for acute attacks
purgatives
bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, senna
clearing of bowels
before surgery, constipation when straining is damaging, angina/ haemarrhoids
anti- diarrhoeals
codeine, loperamide, diphenoxylate
slow down contractions in stomach
SE- constipation
B2 agonists
SABA- salbutamol LABA- salmeterol/formoterol
asthma COPD
SE- tremours, increased HR
cannabinoids
anti emetic used in patients that have not responded to other anti emetics during chemotherapy
dopamine2 receptor antagonist
metoclopramide (during MI with morphine), domperidone (safer)
block dopamine receptors in CTZ
anti emetic
NK1 receptor antagonists
aprepitant
anti emetic often added to 5MT3 antagonist in cancer chemo
mucolytics
carbocysteine
reduce sputum viscosity
COPD
Histamine receptor antagonist (anti emetic)
cyclizine, cinnarizine
block vestibular and NTS
motion sickness
SE- sedation
H2 blockers (stomach use)
ranitidine, cimetidine
reversible block of H2 receptors in parietal cell, reduced H+ production
peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild oesophageal reflux
SE- gynaecomastia, prolactin release, confusion, impotence
M antagonists
block of M1 and M3 desirable, not M2
quaterny group reduces systemic absorption
SAMA ipratropium
LAMA tiotropium (M3 selective)
COPD- reduces exacerbations
highnebulised ipr in acute asthmaand COPD
stop bronchoconstictor effect of M3
