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Chapter 9 Anatomy Part 1 > All Questions > Flashcards

All Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What three things surround the two main organs of the CNS?

A

bones, fluids, and membranes

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2
Q

What occupies the vertebral canal within the vertebral column?

A

Spinal Cord

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3
Q

What lies within the cranial cavity of the skull?

A

Brain

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4
Q

Where are the meninges located?

A

Located between the bone and soft tissues.

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5
Q

What are the three layers of meninges, outside to inside?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

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6
Q

What meninge layer is composed primarily of tough white fibrous connective tissue?

A

dura mater

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7
Q

What layer lacks blood vessels

A

arachnoid mater

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8
Q

Dura mater may extend inward between lobes of the brain to form

A

Partitions

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9
Q

The partitions form for?

A

Support and protection

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10
Q

Which layer of meninge contains the most nerves and blood vessels

A

Pia mater

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11
Q

What is the importance of blood vessels in the pia mater

A

Nourish underlying cells of brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

Which layer of meninge continues into the vertebral canal as a strong, tubular sheath surrounding the spinal cord?

A

dura mater

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13
Q

which layer generally does not dip into grooves and depressions?

A

arachnoid mater

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14
Q

Which layer is attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord following their irregular contours?

A

Pia mater

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15
Q

What is the name of the opening in the base of the skull where the spinal cord begins

A

foramen magnum

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16
Q

where does the spinal cord terminate?

A

near the intervertebral disk of the first and second lumbar vertebrae

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17
Q

where is the epidural sheath located

A

located between the dural sheath and the bony wall of vertebral column

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18
Q

The spinal cord is padded by an epidural sheath. what two tissues make up this sheath?

A

loose connective and adipose tissue

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19
Q

How many segments are in the spinal cord

A

31 segments

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20
Q

What is the name of the thickening of the spinal cord in the neck region, giving off nerves to arms?

A

cervical enlargement

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21
Q

what is the name of the thickening of the spinal cord in the lower back, giving off nerves to legs?

A

Lumbar enlargement

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22
Q

What are the two grooves extending length of the spinal cord dividing it into right and left halves?

A

anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus

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23
Q

what is the core of the spinal cord and what is it patterned like?

A

gray matter and is patterned like a butterfly

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24
Q

what are the “wings” of the pattern called

A

Horns

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25
Q

What are the protrusions on the sides of the wings?

A

lateral horns

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26
Q

what connects the right and left wings?

A

gray commissure

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27
Q

where is the cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal cord?

A

central canal

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28
Q

what are the three regions of white matter in the spinal cord called?

A

anterior funiculus, posterior funiculus, lateral funiculus

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29
Q

what does each region in #28 contain?

A

nerve tracts

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30
Q

what are the two main functions of the spinal cord

A

conduct nerve impulses and serve as a center for spinal reflexes

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31
Q

ascending tracts conduct blank impulses from blank and carry blank info to the brain

A

body parts and carry sensory info to the brain

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32
Q

descending tracts conduct blank impulses from blank to blank and blank

A

motor; brain to muscles and glands

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33
Q

what two things are reflected in the names of the nerve tracts

A

common origins and terminations

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34
Q

what are two examples of #33

A

Spinothalmic and corticospinal

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35
Q

what is the brain composed of

A

one hundred billion mulitpolar neurons and inumerable nerve fibers

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36
Q

what are the four major portions of the brain?

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and diencephalon

37
Q

what is the largest portion of the brain?

A

cerebrum

38
Q

what portion deals with coordination of voluntary muscle movements

A

cerebellum

39
Q

what portion deals with higher mental functions and involves motor and sensory functions

A

cerebrum

40
Q

what portion deals with regulation of various visceral activities?

A

brain stem

41
Q

what connects the two halves of the cerebrum?

A

corpus callosum

42
Q

what separates the two halves of the cerebrum

A

layer of dura mater

43
Q

ridges in the cerebrum are called what

A

gyri

44
Q

grooves are called what? shallowest and deep?

A

sulcus and fissure

45
Q

this type of groove divides each hemisphere into lobes

A

sulcus

46
Q

what separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

A

fissure

47
Q

what separtes the cerebrum from the cerebellum

A

fissure

48
Q

loves of the cerebral hemispheres are named after what?

A

skull bones they underlie

49
Q

the frontal love is separated from the other lobes by which two sulci?

A

central and lateral sulcus

50
Q

the parietal lobe is separated by what sulcus

A

central side

51
Q

the temporal lobe lies under which lobe and is separated by what sulcus?

A

lies below frontal lobe; lateral sulcus

52
Q

the occipital lobe is separated by what from the cerebellum?

A

by a shelf-like extension

53
Q

the insula lobe is located deep within which sulcus and separated by which sulcus?

A

lateral sulcus; circular sulcus

54
Q

what is the gray matter around the cerebrum?

A

cerebral cortex

55
Q

does the cerebral cortex dip into grooves and cover ridges?

A

Yes

56
Q

cerebral cortex contains what % of neuron cell bodies in the nervous system?

A

75%

57
Q

the bulk of the cerebrum is what matter

A

white matter

58
Q

what are the four general functions of the cerebrum?

A

interpret sensory impulses, initiate voluntary muscle movement, store info for memory and reasoning, and determine intelligence and personality

59
Q

motor areas like in which lobe?

A

frontal lobe

60
Q

right cerebral hemisphere controls which side of the skeletal movements (vice versa)

A

left skeletal movements

61
Q

broca’s area coordinates muscular action in what three areas

A

tongue, mouth, and larynx

62
Q

what controls voluntary movements of the eyes and eyelids

A

frontal eye field

63
Q

area infront of broca, frontal eye field, and cerebral hemispheres controls muscular movement of what?

A

muscular movements of hands and fingers

64
Q

what do sensory areas of the cerebral cortex do?

A

interpret sensory impulses that give rise to feelings and sensations

65
Q

parietal lobes deal with what?

A

skin sensations

66
Q

occipital lobe deals with what?

A

vision

67
Q

temporal loves deal with what

A

hearing

68
Q

central/lateral sulcus deal with what

A

taste

69
Q

where does smell association occur

A

centers deep within cerebrum

70
Q

what are the five general functions of association areas

A

function in analysis and interpretation of sensory experiences and involved with memory, reasoning, verbalizing, judgement, and emotional feelings

71
Q

what higher intellectual processes are the frontal lobe involved with?

A

concentration, planning, complex problem solving, and judging possible consequences of behavior

72
Q

what two things are associated with the parietal lobes

A

aid in understanding speech and choosing words needed to express thoughts and feelings

73
Q

what five things does the temporal lobe do?

A

aid in understanding speech and in reading printed words, also involved in memory of visual scenes, music and other complex sensory patters

74
Q

what two things does the occipital lobe do?

A

aid in analyzing visual patterns and combining visual images

75
Q

what basic functions are both hemispheres involved with?

A

receiving and analyzing sensory impulses, controlling skeletal muscles, and storing info

76
Q

the left hemisphere deals with five things. Name them

A

speech, writing, readings, verbal, analytical, and computational skills

77
Q

the right hemisphere deals with what

A

motor tasks, interpreting musical patterns and nonverbal visual experiences, emotional and intuitive thought processes

78
Q

what allows for the dominant side to control motor cortex of the non-dominant and non-dominant to send sensory info to dominant

A

corpus callosum

79
Q

what secretes cerebrospinal fluid?

A

choroid plexuses

80
Q

what are choroid plexuses made of?

A

tiny cauliflowerlike masses of capillaries from the pia mater

81
Q

cerebrospinal fluid is mainly what?

A

clear liquid

82
Q

what are ventricles

A

interconnected cavities within the cerebrum and brain stem

83
Q

what are ventricles filled with

A

cerebrospinal fluid

84
Q

how many ventricles are there

A

four

85
Q

what are the two largest and what are they named?

A

first and second ventricles; lateral ventricles

86
Q

Name four general functions of the cerebrum

A

interprets sensory impulses
initiates voluntary muscle movement
stores info for memory and reasoning
determines intelligence and personality

87
Q

Name the three functions of the left hemisphere

A

speech, writing, reading, verbal, analytical, and computational skills

88
Q

Name the three functions of the right hemisphere

A

motor tasks, interpreting musical patterns of nonverbal visual experiences, emotional and intuitive thought processes

Chapter 9 Anatomy Part 1 (1 decks)

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