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Psychiatry > All other psych pharm > Flashcards

All other psych pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Mood Stabilizers

Use:

A

Mood stabilizers are used to treat acute mania and to help prevent relapses of manic episodes in bipolar and schizoaffective disorder.

They may also be used for augmentation of antidepressants or potentiation of antipsychotics

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2
Q

Lithium

What makes it special?

A

Lithium is the drug of choice in acute mania, prophylaxis for manic and depressive episodes in bipolar, and can be used in cyclothymic disorder and unipolar depression.

  1. Side Effects:
    1. toxicity- AMS, convulsions, delirium, coma, and death
    2. fine tremor
    3. Diabetes insipidus
    4. ECG Changes
    5. hypothyroidism
    6. Ebstein’s anomaly
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3
Q

Valproate

What makes it special?

A

Valproate-

treatment of acute mania

blocks sodium channels and increases GABA Concentrations in the brain

Contraindicated in pregnancy because it can cause

Neural tube defects

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4
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Use?

MOA?

Special Tests:

Side Effects:

A

Carbamazepine is especially useful in treating mania with mixed features and rapid-cycling bipolar disorder

blocks sodium channels

CBC and LFT should be monitored before beginning the medication

  1. Side Effects:
    1. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
    2. hepatitis
    3. Teratogenic
    4. significant drug interactions- CYP450
    5. agranulocytosis (neutropenia)
  2. Toxicity: confusion, stupor, restlessness, ataxia, tremor, nystagmus, twitching, and vomiting
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5
Q

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

What makes it special?

A

Lamotrigine

Can cause Stevens-Johnson’s Syndrome- start with a low dose and work up slowly

Valproate will increase lamotrigine levels

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6
Q

Gabapentin (Neurotin)

What makes it special?

A

Gabapentin

Use adjunctively to help with anxiety, sleep, neuropathic pain

little efficacy in bipolar disorder

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7
Q

Pregabalin (Lyrica)

A

Pregabalin has little efficacy in bipolar disorder but can be used as a second-line in GAD and fibromyalgia

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8
Q

Topirimate (Topamax)

What makes it special?

A

Topiramate

helpful in treating impulse control disorders

  1. Side Effects
    1. Weight Loss (YAY!)
    2. cognitive slowing
      1. ​if a patient has slow recall (but can still remember things) think topiramate
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9
Q

Benzodiazepines

MOA:

Side Effects:

A

Benzos

potentiate the effects of GABA

can reduce anxiety and can be used to treat akathisia

potential for abuse

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10
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

What makes it special?

A

Diazepam

long acting (half-life >20 hrs)

effective for muscle spasm

can cause euphoria

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11
Q

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

What makes it special?

A

Clonazepam

used for the treatment of anxiety including panic attacks.

Avoid use with renal dysfunction

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12
Q

Alprazolam (Xanax):

What makes it special?

A

Alprazolam:

used for treating panic atacks

short onset of action + euphoria = high potential for abuse

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13
Q

Lorazepam (Atavan)

What makes it special?

A

Lorazepam is used to treat panic attacks, alcohol and sedative-hypnotic-anxiolytic detoxification

not metabolized by the liver so it is good for alcohol detox

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14
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

What makes it special?

A

Midazolam has a very short half life and can be used in medical and surgical setting

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15
Q

Temazepam (Restoril)

What makes it special?

A

Temazepam:

decreasingly used for treatment of insomnia because of dependence

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16
Q

Zolpidem (Ambien)/Zaleplon (Sonata)/ eszopiclone (lunesta)

Use:

MOA:

A

Zolpidem (Ambien)/Zaleplon (Sonata)/ eszopiclone (lunesta)

MOA: hypnotic, binds to the GABA-A receptor that is responsible for sedation

you can take it for sleep long-term (recommended no longer than 6 months, but in reality you can go longer)

17
Q

Buspirone

What makes it special?

A

Buspirone

partial agonist at 5HT-1A receptor

non-BZD anziolytic

low potential for abuse

often used in combination with another agent for the treatment of GAD

18
Q

Propranolol

A

Propranolol

Beta-blocker

useful in treating the autonomic effects of panic attacks or social phobia (palpitations, sweating and tachycardia)

can be used to treat akathisia (a side effect of antipsychotics)

19
Q

Levetiracetam

What makes it special?

A

Levetiracetam is an anti-epileptic drug.

It can trigger anxiety in patients with or without an underlying anxiety disorder

Psychiatry (8 decks)

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