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Stuarts > All of the Stuarts course content > Flashcards

All of the Stuarts course content Flashcards

1
Q

When did James rule?

A

1603-25

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2
Q

What was the divine right of Kings?

A

The concept that James derived his power from God and was only answerable to God

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3
Q

How did this cause problems for James?

A

It brought James into conflict with parliament, who felt that James was answerable to them, not God

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4
Q

What economic problems had Elizabeth 1 left for James

A

1) £200,000-£400,000 debt
2) High inflation
3) Selling crown lands- short term gain, reducing income in the long term

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5
Q

What was the great contract

A

An attempt to provide James with an annual sum with £200,000 each year

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6
Q

What was the cockayne project

A

Exporting finished cloth in England, which Cockyane could not do, causing the scheme to fail

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7
Q

What was Cranfield’s role?

A

To rein in James’ spending. This happened, but James then went to war with Spain, impeaching Cranfeild

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8
Q

What was the nickname was given to James after his death

A

Rex Pacificus (King of Peace)

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9
Q

What was his policy towards: Spain

A

1) Spanish peace 1604
2) Intended Spanish match

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10
Q

What was his policy towards: France

A

1) Potential alliance with France
2) Alliance via marriage- Henrietta Maria with Charles

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11
Q

Who was removed from his lands in the Palatinate

A

Frederick (James’ son-in-law)

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12
Q

Why did many want James to interviene

A

To protect the protestant palatinate against Catholic domination

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13
Q

Why could James not intervene

A

He did not have the money, he was opposed to war, he wanted to settle the dispute through a catholic marriage

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14
Q

Since 1558 what religion had England been

A

Protestant/ church of England

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15
Q

What did the Catholics hope for from James

A

Toleration, they hoped James may even favour them, given he had a catholic mother

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16
Q

What did Puritans hope for from James

A

Reform to church services to remove ‘beautified’ elements

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17
Q

What are the other names for the Anglican church

A

Church of England

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18
Q

What was the biggest achievement of puritans at the Hampton court conference?

A

The king James Bible, 1611

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19
Q

How did James treat non-conforming Puritans to the 1604 canons?

A

Leniently- not harshly

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20
Q

Why was Richard Bancroft’s appointment significant

A

Bancroft became AoC (1604) and was anti-Puritan

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21
Q

Did Puritain opposition grow or lesson during James’regin

A

Grow

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22
Q

What did Puritans oppose?

A

1) James’ foreign policy- his close relations with Spain
2) the growth of Arminianism, which resembled Catholicism
3) The introduction of the book of sports (1618), allowing recreational activites to take place after sunday’s church services

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23
Q

What did Catholics expect of James when he became king?

A

they hoped for toleration

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24
Q

How did he show toleration towards them?

A

1) Did not enforce recusancy fines strictly
2) Tried to hold parlament back from being stricter towards catholics
3) They were allowed to go to Mass as long as they did it discretely

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25
Q

What did James recognise about the Gunpowder plot

A

It was the actions of a few radicals rather tahn catholics in general

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26
Q

How did this affect his policy towards Catholics

A

he was lenient to them, without persecuting them

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27
Q

How did James’ policies affect Catholics

A

1) Recusancy fines were not well recieved by them
2) His foreign policy with spain led to criticisms of being to pro-catholic
3) James’ mother & wife, along with Buckingham’s mother were catholic, causing suspisions

28
Q

What were Charles’ aims when he became king in 1625

A

1) to only be answeable to God
2) to reform the church through beautification
3) to keep Buckingham as an advisor

29
Q

What problems did he face in 1625

A

1) war was ongoing over the platinate
2) Buckingham’s influence was opposed by parliament
3) the wa with Spain was costly and badly conducted

30
Q

Why had parliament opposed, by charles’ financial policies

A

He raised a forced loan, also Tonnage and poundage which parliament claimed was illegal

31
Q

Why had parliament opposed by, 1629, Charles’ Foreign policies

A

The wars against France and Spain had been a disaster and financially costly

32
Q

Why had parliament opposed, by 629 Charles’ relationship with them

A

He was reliant on advice from Buckingham and clsed parliament regulary 1625-8

33
Q

What was the petition of right (1629)

A

Parliament preventing charles from raising taxes without it’s consent along with imprisoning opponents

34
Q

What began in 1629

A

Personal rule

35
Q

Why did Charles dissolve parliament in 1629

A

1) parliament argued that collecting Tonnage and poundage was ilegal
2) Charles was being challenged over Arminian influence in the church

36
Q

What was Charles’ debt in 1629-1635

A

1629- £1m
1635- £2m

37
Q

Which taxes did he create

A

1) Ship money
2) Distraint of knighthood
3) Forest fines

38
Q

Who tried for non-payment of ship money (1637)

A

John Hampden

39
Q

What did the outcome reval

A

Judges voted 7-5 in favour of charles, showing a major opposition to his method of collecting taxes

40
Q

What was William Lauds role

A

Archbishop of Canterbury

41
Q

What denomination of Christianity was laud

A

Arminianism

42
Q

Name the features of Laudianism

A
  1. The beautification of religion
  2. Uniformity in church practices (prayer book)
  3. Preventing puritan literature from being published
43
Q

Who were the adviser responsible for Thorough

A

Wentworth (the Earl of strafford)

44
Q

What were the aims of through

A

To support the poor, to manage crown resources more efficiently (increasse control)

45
Q

What were successes and failings of the policy

A
  1. Caused divison in Ireland by giving protestant landowners moore power and their catholic counterparts
  2. The book of orders were seen as heavy-handed instructions sent to local justices of the peace
  3. Taxes collected were increased
46
Q

What name was given to Scotland’s rebellion against Charles’ religious policies?

A

The bishops’ wars

47
Q

Why did Scotland rebel

A

In protest against Charles’ attempt to impose Laudianist reforms on them

48
Q

What had Charles tried to introdue there?

A
  1. a new prayer book
  2. Emphasising the role of bishops
  3. taking church land away from Scottish nobles
49
Q

What name is given to the parliament that was called by Charles in April 1640

A

the short parliament

50
Q

How long did this last

A

less than two months

51
Q

List long parliament’s grievances against Charles

A
  1. triennial act- the gaps between parliaments could not be more than 3 years
  2. Parliament could not be dissolved
  3. ship money was deemed illegal
  4. the star chamber was abolished
52
Q

When parliament returned in 1640 Charles’ aims where

A
  1. to obtain money from parliament to raise an army to defeat the scots
  2. to ensure that parliament did not overturn his reforms established during personal role
53
Q

What where Charles’ aims

A
  1. to list their grievances against Charles holding him to account for misrule during personal rule
  2. to remove Charles’ evil advisers, reform the church, increase it’s own power and role in governemt
54
Q

Name events that caused a breakdown in relatinship between Charles and parliament

A
  1. root and branch bill
  2. the grand remonstrance
  3. Charles’ attempted arrest of the five MP’s
  4. the militia Ordinance
  5. the nineteen propositions
55
Q

Name 3 ways in which Charles helped

A
  1. Charles relied on his unpopular advisers, rather than parliament, causing friction
  2. Charles’ religious policies fuelled suspicions that he was moving the country towards catholicism
  3. Charles could be heavy-handed against critics as well as in his policy of thorough and ruthless tax collecting
56
Q

Name ways in which parliament helped cause the first civil war

A
  1. Parliament mad a series of demands that were likely unachievable- such as the demand to educate the king’s children
  2. Parliament passed the milita ordinance which intended to take control of the army away from the king
  3. Parliament passed the root and branch bill inteanding to eradicate all laudianist elements of Charles’ religious reform, bringing them to conflict
57
Q

Names charles’ main advisors

A
  1. Henrietta maria
  2. Duke of Buckingham
  3. Wentworth
  4. William Laud
58
Q

How did the advisors weaken Charles

A

He relied on them for advice and guidance, ignoring parliament. Parliament felt marginalised and the ‘evil advisors’ were targeted as being the reason for Charles’ unpopular policies

59
Q

Name three taxes levied by Charles

A
  1. Distraint of knighthood
  2. Ship money
  3. forest fines
60
Q

Why did Charles’ taxation increase his unpopularity

A

Because many people living inland did not want to pay the ship money tax

61
Q

How successfully was Charles in collecting tax

A

Collecting 96% of ship money in 1635, but only 25% by 1639

62
Q

Why was religion cause of the civil wars

A

Charles’ polices gave the impression he was moving England towards Catholicism

63
Q

Who was Charles married to and why were they suspisious

A

Henrietta Maria and that she was influencing him towards Catholicism

64
Q

Provide strengths and weaknesses of the royalist army

A

Strenght:
1. fighting for the king was seen as an honour and something to defend/fight for
2. Wealthy supporters
Weaknesses:
1. Controlled less wealthy pparts of the country
2. supporters sold their land so money dried up when there was no more to sell

65
Q

Provide strengths and weaknesses of the parliamentarian army

A

strenghts:
1. Held london a ssource of loans and customs, duties and taxes
2. the navy supported them
3. the new model army

weaknesses:
1. religious divisons existed within in London
2. rioting made controlling london difficult

66
Q

Give reasons why parliament were able to defeat the royalists in the first civil war

A
  1. funding- they were funded through parliament ordinances. Royalists relied on wealthy supporters, which ran out as the war ran on
  2. the new model army- was a proffesional, well-paid force in contrast to the king’s forces which were not paid where money ran out
  3. Parliamentary control of ports- like Bristol and London, which provided money from taxation on trade and imports

Stuarts (1 decks)

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