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MICRO VIRUSES > ALL OF THE DAMN VIRUSES > Flashcards

ALL OF THE DAMN VIRUSES Flashcards

1
Q

What disease is caused by measles?

A

…measles

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2
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of measles?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A

family: paramyxovirus
genome: (-)ssRNA
virion: enveloped
incubation: medium
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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3
Q

What are the diseases caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

A
  • croup
  • bronchitis
  • respiratory tract infections
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4
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A

family: paramyxovirus
genome: (-)ssRNA
virion: enveloped
incubation: short
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: inhalation of aerosols, fomites

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5
Q

What disease is caused by varicella zoster?

A

chicken pox

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6
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period and particle of the varicella zoster?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A

family: alphaherpevirus
genome: dsDNA, large
virion: enveloped
particle: icosahedral nucleocapsid
incubation: medium
replication: nucleus
transmission: inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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7
Q

What disease is caused by the poliovirus?

A

gastroenteritis

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8
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of the poliovirus?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - picornavirus
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - nonenveloped
incubation - medium
replication - cytoplasm
transmission - fecal-oral
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9
Q

What disease is caused by the rotavirus?

A

gastroenteritis

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10
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of the rotavirus?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - reoviridae
genome - dsRNA, 11 segments
virion - non enveloped
incubation - very short 
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: ingestion of material containing the virus
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11
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of hepatitis A?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - picornaviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - non-enveloped
incubation - medium
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: fecal-oral, sexual (anal, then oral), and parenteral (brief window)
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12
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, incubation period, and the particle of hepatitis B?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - hepadnaviridae
genome - dsDNA, circular
virion - enveloped
particle - icosahedral nucleocapsid 
incubation period - long
replication: nucleus
transmission: sexual, vertical, and parenteral
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13
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, incubation period, and the particle of hepatitis C?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - flaviviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
particle - icosahedral nucleocapsid 
incubation period - long
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: sexual, vertical, and parenteral
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14
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of hepatitis E?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - calciviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - nonenveloped
incubation period - medium 
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: fecal-oral, sexual, parenteral (brief window)
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15
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of eastern equine encephalitis?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - togaviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
incubation period - short
replication: cytoplasm 
transmission: transmitted from reservoir through a vector
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16
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - togaviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
incubation period - short
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: transmitted from reservoir through a vector
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17
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of the west nile?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - flaviviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
incubation period - short 
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: transmitted from reservoir through a vector
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18
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, the incubation period, and particle of rabies?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - rhabdoviridae
genome - (-)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
particle - looks like a bullet
incubation period - long 
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: via bite of infected animal
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19
Q

What disease does Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) cause?

A

HTLV-1 associated myelopathy, tropical spastic paraparesis

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20
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - deltaretrovirus
genome - (+)ssRNA, diploid
virion - enveloped 
incubation period - very long
replication: both?
transmission: breastfeeding, parenteral, sexual transmission
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21
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A

family - lentivirus
genome - (+)ssRNA, diploid
virion - enveloped
incubation period - 6 months-25 years following minor acute infection
replication: both?
transmission: breastfeeding, parenteral, sexual transmission (common)

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22
Q

What disease does influenza cause?

A

seasonal flu

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23
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of influenza?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - orthomyxovirida
genome - segmented (-)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
incubation period - short 
replication: nucleus
transmission: transmission via large and small aerosolized droplets
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24
Q

What disease does adenovirus cause?

A

acute respiratory disease

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25
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of the adenovirus?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - adenoviridae
genome - dsDNA
virion - non-enveloped
incubation period - short
replication: nucleus
transmission: aerosols, direct contact, and fomites (CDC)
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26
Q

What disease does rhinovirus cause?

A

mild upper respiratory infections

27
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of rhinovirus?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - picornavirus
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - non-enveloped
incubation period - short 
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: aerosols and fomites
28
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of measles?

A
  • 10-14 day incubation
  • most deadly of the childhood diseases
  • two part viremia with symptoms coinciding with the second round
  • characterized by rash and “koplik spots”
  • proteins: LPHFNM
29
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

A
  • 4-5 day incubations
  • virus replication limited to respiratory tract
  • infection doesn’t yield life long immunity
  • no vaccine
  • proteins: LGFMPN, NS1, NS2
30
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of varicella zoster?

A
  • 10-21 day incubation period
  • characterized by rash on scalp, face, and trunk
  • cell mediated immunity most important for recovery
  • vaccination is primary option for treatment
  • proteins: many
31
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of poliovirus?

A
  • mild disease with severe symptoms if CNS becomes involved
  • 1:200 develop CNS infection which leads to limb/respiratory paralysis
  • polio has been targeted for eradication and would be the 3rd disease ever to be eradicated
  • secondary replication associated with major viremia
  • fecal shedding of bacteria for weeks
  • proteins - capsid: VP1-4, non structural: proteases, polymerases, and others
32
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of rotavirus?

A
  • 2 day incubation period
  • 11 segments of dsRNA
  • unique 3 layered capsid that contributes to infection scheme
  • similar to polio, virus can be shed in fecal matter before symptoms show
  • proteins: VP1-4 other structural and non-structural
33
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of hepatitis A?

A
  • 15-40 day incubation period
  • almost all infections are acute
  • vaccine available
  • often asymptomatically infected
34
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of hepatitis B?

A
  • 30-180 day incubation
  • smallest genome of the human viruses
  • RNA intermediate required for replication
  • must replicated using RNA intermediate even though its genome is dsDNA
  • requires liver specific transcription factors
  • mainly caused by sex and drug use and can cause cirrhosis of liver and even liver cancer
  • half acute and half chronic infections
  • often asymptomatic infections
  • proteins - pol: reverse transctiptase, HBsAg-S, HBsAg- M, HBsAg-L, HBCAg
35
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of hepatitis C?

A
  • 160-120 day incubation
  • 80% chronic infections
  • antibody + virus complexes can deposit in other tissues causing immune response and subsequent tissue damage
  • new product can cure chronic infection in some genotypes, but not vaccine is available
  • often asymptomatic infections
  • proteins- E1, E2 - attachment and entry, C:core, various non-structural
36
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of hepatitis E?

A
  • causes food borne and waterborne illness
  • disease is similar to HAV distinguished by serology
  • no prevention available, but vaccines under development
37
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of eastern equine encephalitis?

A
  • 2-10 day incubation period
  • vector transmission is dependent on viral amplification within the vector (not in reservoirs)
  • a single vaccine is available
  • supportive care, and mosquito control/repellant is important
  • proteins - E1, E2: attachment and entry, capsid proteins, various non- structural proteins
38
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of Venezuelan equine encephalitis?

A
  • 2-10 day incubation period
  • vector transmission is dependent on viral amplification within the vector (not in reservoirs)
  • a single vaccine is available
  • supportive care, and mosquito control/repellant is important
  • proteins - E1, E2: attachment and entry, capsid proteins, various non- structural proteins
39
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of west nile?

A
  • 2-14 days
  • vector transmission is dependent on viral amplification within the vector (not in the reservoirs)
  • no vaccine
  • supportive care, and mosquito control/repellant is important
  • range of WNV and EEE is different based on the difference in the range of habitats for the associated species of mosquitos that act as vectors for the virus
40
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of rabies?

A
  • 1-3 month incubation period
  • vaccine available but is expensive for humans
  • once symptoms appear disease is almost always fatal
  • hydrophobia, leads to foaming of the mouth
  • proteins: N,P,M,G, L(polymerase)
41
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)?

A
  • long latent period 30-50 years
  • once retrovirus has incorporation viral DNA into host DNA there is no way to remove it
  • symptoms onset typically three years after infection
  • treatment and prevention dependent on disease:
    • ATLL lymphoma/leukemia with chemotherapy
    • HAM/TSP with corticosteroids and interferon to temporarily alleviate associated pain
  • proteins: reverse transcriptase (defining feature of retrovirus) and GAG, pro, pol, env (simple retroviruses), and complex viruses contain other genes
42
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

A
  • 6 month to 25 years latent period
  • seal transmission is primary route with higher incidence for male to male, male to female, and then female to male
    respectively.
  • blood transfusion is practically guaranteeing transmission (but blood is screened prior to infusion)
  • HIV targets CD4+ T cells
  • HF
  • proteins: reverse transcriptase (defining feature of retrovirus) and GAG, pro, pol, env (simple retroviruses), and complex viruses contain other genes
43
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of influenza?

A
  • 1-4 day incubation
  • three types (A, B, and C) with type A being the most common
  • 8 segments (-)ssRNA
  • HA is major determinant for human strains
  • current strains are H1N1 and H3N2
  • proteins: HA- hemagglutinin (attachment), NA - neuraminidase (viral budding/release), others (M1, M2, PB1, PB2, and PA)
44
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of adenovirus?

A
  • three phase gene expression
  • different serotypes associated with different disease presentation
  • proteins: fiber- cell attachment, penton base - cell entry, hexon - capsid
45
Q

What are some unique features and proteins of rhinovirus?

A
  • 1-4 day incubation period
  • humans only known reservoir
  • large antigenic diversity and mutations makes vaccines and antivirals ineffective respectively
46
Q

What viruses are replicated inside the nucleus only?

A

varicella zoster
hep B
influenza
adenovirus

47
Q

what viruses are replicated inside the cytoplasm only?

A 
measles
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
poliovirus
rotavirus
hep A
hep C
hep E
eastern equine encephalitis
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
west nile
rabies
rhinovirus
48
Q

What viruses are replicated in both the cytoplasm and nucleus?

A

Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)

HIV

49
Q

What viruses’ genome is (-)ssRNA?

A

measles
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
rabies
influenza ( it’s segmented)

50
Q

What viruses’ genome is (+)ssRNA

A 
poliovirus
hep A
hep C
hep E
eastern equine encephalitis
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
west nile
human t-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) - (it's diploid)
HIV - (it's diploid)
rhinovirus
51
Q

What viruses’ genome is dsDNA?

A 
varicella zoster (it's large) 
hep B (it's circular) 
adenovirus
52
Q

What viruses’ genome is dsRNA?

A

rotavirus (it’s in 11 segments)

53
Q

What viruses are enveloped?

A 
measles
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
varicella zoster
hep B
hep C
eastern equine encephalitis
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
west nile
rabies
human t-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)
HIV
influenza
54
Q

What viruses’ are non-enveloped?

A 
poliovirus
rotavirus
hep A
hep E
adenovirus
rhinovirus
55
Q

Which viruses have a icosahedral nucleocapsid?

A

varicella zoster
hep B
hep C

56
Q

Which viruses have a short incubation period?

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - 4 to 5 days
eastern equine encephalitis - 2 to 10 days
Venezuelan equine encephalitis - 2 to 10 days
west nile - 2 to 14 days
influenza - 1 to 4 day
adenovirus
rhinovirus - 1 to 4 day

57
Q

Which viruses’ have a very short incubation period?

A

rotavirus - 2 day

58
Q

which viruses’ have a medium incubation period?

A 
measles - 10 to 14 day
varicella zoster - 10 to 21 day
poliovirus
hep A - 15 to 40 day
hep E
59
Q

which viruses’s have a long incubation period?

A

hep B - 30 to 180 day
hep C - 160 to 120 day
rabies - 1 to 3 month

60
Q

which viruses’ have a very long incubation period?

A

human t-cell leukemia virus (HTVL) - 30 to 50 years

HIV - 6 month to 25 years following minor acute infection

61
Q

Which viruses belong in the paramyxovirus family?

A

measles

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

62
Q

Which viruses belong in the flaviviridae family?

A

hep C

west nile

63
Q

What viruses belong in the picornarvirus family?

A

poliovirus

rhinovirus

64
Q

What viruses belong in the togaviridae family?

A

eastern equine encephalitis

Venezuelan equine encephalitis

MICRO VIRUSES (1 decks)

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