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all of the Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures of the body does osteoporosis commonly affect?

A

Neck of the femur and the lumbar (low-back) vertebrae

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2
Q

Asking a client to stand on a BOSU ball would provide a major challenge to what system?

A

somatosensory

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3
Q

recovery time between plyometrics

A

60-120 seconds

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4
Q

SAID principle

A

human body adapts to imposed demands

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5
Q

hat step cadence is used during the YMCA 3-minute step test?

A

96 steps/minute

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6
Q

The center of gravity moves in which direction when the knees and hips are equally flexed bilaterally?

A

inferior ally

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7
Q

The lengthening reaction is often seen with what type of flexibility technique?

A

Static stretching

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8
Q

What is the correct order of fascia, starting with the most superficial?

A

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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9
Q

What breathing change occurs at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2)

A

Expiration becomes more forceful.

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10
Q

What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system’s role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists?

A

Reciprocal inhibition

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11
Q

can diastolic blood pressure be defined?

A

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded

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12
Q

The pancreas secretes which of the following hormones?

A

insulin

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13
Q

What are the two primary actions of the Golgi tendon organ?

A

Sense change in muscle-tendon tension and speed of tension change

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14
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow

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15
Q

Which regions of the spine demonstrate kyphotic curves?

A

Thoracic and sacral (humpback)

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16
Q

What is the recommended frequency for cardiorespiratory training, if participating in vigorous-intensity exercise

A

3 times a week

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17
Q

What are nonessential amino acids?

A

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body if overall nutrition intake is adequate

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18
Q

What is the weekly total of time recommended for cardiorespiratory training if participating in moderate-intensity exercise like brisk walking?

A

150 minutes per week

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19
Q

Which source of social support for exercise is the most influential for children and adolescents?

A

parents

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20
Q

For which movement impairment would you see the knees bow outward?

A 
Knee varus (bow legged outward)
Valgus (pigeoned leg)
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21
Q

Which modality allows for movements to occur as explosively as possible without the need for eccentric deceleration?

A

medicine ball

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22
Q

What answer best describes the building blocks of proteins?

A

Essential and nonessential amino acids

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23
Q

Shorter reaction times during amortization may help reduce which of the following?

A

tissue overload

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24
Q

When a Certified Personal Trainer wants to enhance a client’s self-efficacy by breaking down exercises or goals into easier-to-achieve tasks, what behavior change technique are they using?

A

set specific tasks

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25
Q

Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?

A

Troponin

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26
Q

how many essential amino acids

A

9

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27
Q

What are the three movements performed during the ball combo II exercise?

A

Row, shoulder external rotation, and shoulder press

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28
Q

What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles?

A

fascia

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29
Q

Which of these is considered the most advanced plyometric exercise?

A

depth jumps

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30
Q

Rotational movement of the torso should primarily occur where?

A

thoracic spine

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31
Q

Which muscles are typically overactive in association with upper crossed syndrome?

A

Upper trapezius

Rounded shoulder and forward head

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32
Q

What are the steps in the cumulative injury cycle?

A

Tissue trauma, inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesions, altered neuromuscular control, and muscle imbalance

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33
Q

What is end-diastolic volume?

A

The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction

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34
Q

When a person loses body weight, what is the only way that mass is lost?

A

As exhaled carbon dioxide

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35
Q

The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes is referred to as what?

A

Stroke volume

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36
Q

When a muscle is held during a stretch for a prolonged period, the GTO is activated, which results in the muscle relaxing. What is this action called?

A

Autogenic inhibition

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37
Q

Clients with chronic lung disease often have shortness of breath, also known as which of the following?

A

Dyspnea

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38
Q

key term would best describe an overactive hip flexor complex decreasing neural drive to the hip extensor complex?

A

Altered reciprocal inhibition

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39
Q

Which muscles are typically underactive in association with lower crossed syndrome?

A

abdominals

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40
Q

In order to optimally load muscle during the eccentric phase, the fitness professional should recommend which of the following?

A

Lower the weight more slowly to increase time under tension

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41
Q

What structure in the heart transfers the electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node?

A

Right bundle branch

42
Q

What is the most appropriate SAQ program design for a beginner adult who is apparently healthy?

A

4 to 6 drills with limited inertia and unpredictability, such as cone shuffles and agility ladder drills

43
Q

Implementing exercise concepts like core, balance, and agility training with resistance training methods indicates what style of training?

A

Integrated training

44
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint?

A

Type II

45
Q

How is ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) best defined?

A

The point at which the body uses an equal mix of carbohydrate and fat as fuel sources

46
Q

How is upper crossed syndrome characterized?

A

Forward head and protracted shoulder

47
Q

What should be the first step in a client’s program after the assessment?

A

Designing the flexibility portion of the program

48
Q

the drawing-in maneuver increases activation of what muscle?

A

Transverse abdominis

49
Q

What type of diabetes occurs when specialized cells in the pancreas (called beta cells) stop producing insulin?

A

type 1

50
Q

hich muscle would be considered underactive, leading to the low back arching during the overhead squat assessment

A

Gluteus maximus

51
Q

Which muscle would be considered overactive, leading to the excessive forward trunk lean during the overhead squat assessment?

A

hip flexora

52
Q

What is the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone?

A

ligaments

53
Q

What is the best definition of complex carbohydrates?\

A

Carbohydrates that are comprised of polysaccharides and that contain both fiber and starch

54
Q

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body?

A

Red blood cells

55
Q

Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?

A

isokinetic

56
Q

What is the minimum weekly goal of energy expenditure from combined physical activity and exercise for obese clients

A

1200 kcal

57
Q

How much rest should be given between each repetition of an SAQ exercise for young athletes?

A

15 to 60 seconds

58
Q

Local muscles typically consist of which type of muscle fibers?

A

type I

59
Q

What is defined as a consistently elevated blood pressure?

A

hypertension

60
Q

Which muscles are typically underactive when the feet turn out?

A

Anterior and posterior tibialis

61
Q

Which of these joint movements is part of backside mechanics?

A

hip extension

62
Q

Which postural distortion is characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips?

A

. Pes planus distortion syndrome

63
Q

what muscles does the tubing (shoulder) external rotation exercise primarily target?

A

Infraspinatus and teres minor

64
Q

What is defined as the state of deficient glucose in the bloodstream?

A

Hypoglycemia

65
Q

What mechanism is responsible for increasing the rate of heart conduction?

A

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

66
Q

What is the concept used to describe the action of muscles that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement?

A

Feed-forward

67
Q

health blood pressure range

A

less than 120/80

68
Q

How much fluid is recommended for rehydration after an intense training session or event?

A

1.25 times the amount of body weight lost during the activity

69
Q

Resistance band exercises are best utilized in which phases of the OPT model?

A

2 and 5

70
Q

What is the general recommended rest between SAQ reps for intermediate clients?

A

0 to 60 seconds

71
Q

If pyruvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate?

A

The pyruvate will be converted to lactate.

72
Q

Which hip muscle helps maintain a level pelvis in the frontal plane?

A

Gluteus medius

73
Q

What is the approximate percentage of those who will quit a fitness program within the first 6 months after they begin?

A

50%

74
Q

Which vitamin has an increased risk of causing toxicity?

A

vitamin A

75
Q

Which type of assessment is typically performed first in the assessment flow?

A

static posture

76
Q

How many skinfold sites are measured when determining body composition using the Durnin-Womersley protocol?

A

4

77
Q

Which of the following is considered a superficial muscle of the core?

A

. Erector spinae

78
Q

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

79
Q

When developing a safe and effective warm-up for Phase 1, what is an important consideration for flexibility?

A

Self-myofascial techniques

80
Q

What is it called when a ligament is overstretched or torn?

A

A sprain

81
Q

Which term best describes observable movement of the limbs?

A

Osteokinematics

82
Q

What term is used to describe the concept of how the functioning of one body segment can impact other areas of the body?

A

Regional interdependence

83
Q

Posture of the spine is primarily controlled by which muscles of the core?

A

Local muscles

84
Q

Which muscles are typically underactive in association with upper crossed syndrome?

A

lower trapezius

85
Q

Which heart chamber gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava veins?

A

Right atrium

86
Q

Kettlebells were first used in which setting?

A

As a unit of measurement on market and farming scales

87
Q

What is a characteristic of type I muscle fibers?

A

slow twitch

88
Q

hat is the process in which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles?

A

autogenic inhibition

89
Q

What is the general recommended rest between SAQ reps for beginner clients?

A

15 to 60 seconds

90
Q

Which of the following muscles is primarily targeted when performing a biceps curl exercise with the thumb up?

A

Brachioradialis

91
Q

Food in the stomach is processed and then passes into what anatomical structure?

A

Duodenum of the small intestine

92
Q

What is the practice of identifying a negative inner narrative and replacing it with positive statements?

A

reverse listing

93
Q

Calcium is often associated with bone health, but why is it also important for muscular function?

A

It stimulates actin and myosin activity.

94
Q

What principle is hydrostatic underwater weighing based upon?

A

Archimedes’ principle

95
Q

Movements that take place within a joint and are not visible to the human eye may be classified in what way?

A

Arthrokinematic

96
Q

Davis’s law describes what type of changes within the cumulative injury cycle?

A

Adhesions may begin to form structural changes in the soft tissue.

97
Q

What is glycogen?

A

The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans

98
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

The stored form of fat

99
Q

Starting at what percentage of bone density loss does the risk of hip fracture increase by 2.5 times?

A

10%

100
Q

What component of breathing improves blood flow back to the heart?

A

e correct answer is: Inspiration with a decrease in intrathoracic pressure

101
Q

Which term best describes motion at the joint surface?

A

. Arthrokinematics

102
Q

Mobility is a combination of which two musculoskeletal components?

A

Flexibility and joint ROM

Practice test questions (1 decks)

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