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00-01-25: resp disorders > ALL OF IT - THE IMPORTANT STUFF > Flashcards

ALL OF IT - THE IMPORTANT STUFF Flashcards

1
Q
  1. common Cx of nasal disease?
A
  1. sneezing, nasal discharge
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2
Q
  1. common Cx of laryngeal dz?
A
  1. change of voice, inspiratory stridor
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3
Q

common Cx of tracheal disease

A

chronic, non-productive, honking cough

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4
Q

cervical tracheal collapse -> ?

intrathoracic collapse -> ?

A

inspiratory dyspnea

expiratory dyspnea

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5
Q

4 common Cx of bronchopulmonary and pleural diseases

A

coughing, tachypnea, dyspnea, ex intol

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6
Q

(bronchopulmonary and pleural diseases)

(thoracic auscultation)

  1. crackles ->
  2. rhonchi (rattling) ->
  3. wheezes ->
A
  1. small airway parenchymal dz
  2. airway dz or exudate
  3. obstruction
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7
Q

(nasal cavity and sinuses)

(congential dz)

(primary ciliary dyskinesia)

  1. what is it?
  2. Cx?
  3. dx?
  4. tx?
  5. prog?
A
  1. ciliary dysfx
  2. nasal discharge and coughing at early age
  3. measure rate of mucus clearance
  4. abx for secondary infections
  5. guarded
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8
Q

(rhinitis and sinusitis of infectious origin)

5 causes in dogs

BAD PA

A

bordetella bronchiseptica

adenovirus-2

distemper

parainfluenza

aspergillus flavum

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9
Q

(rhinitis and sinusitis of infectious origin)

5 causes in cats

BHCCC

A

bordetella bronchiseptica

herpesvirus

calcivirus

chlamydia psittaci

crytpococcus neoformans

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10
Q

3 nasal parasites?

tx?

A

cuterebra, eucoleus boehmi (nematode), pneumonyssus caninum (mite)

ivermectin

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11
Q

(nasopharyngeal polyps)

  1. what are they?
  2. Cx?
  3. tx?
A
  1. Inflammatory masses that arise from epithelium of nasopharynx
  2. voice change, gagging
  3. removal of mass
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12
Q

(neoplasms of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses)

  1. most common in dogs?
  2. in cats?
A
  1. carcinoma > sarcoma
  2. lymphomas > adenocarcinoma/SCC

(there are a bunch more but they are rare)

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13
Q

(neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses)

  1. 5 Cx?
A
  1. sneezing, nasal discharge, epistaxis

possible facial deformity and CNS signs

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14
Q

What are the 4 things in brachycephalic syndrome?

A

Stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, tracheal hypoplasia, laryngeal saccules eversion

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15
Q

(brachycephalic syndrome)

  1. Cx?
  2. tx?
A
  1. stertor, snoring, ex intol
  2. nasal wedge resection, staphylectomy, laryngeal saccuolectomy
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16
Q

laryngeal collapse most commonly results from what?

A

brachycephalic syndrome

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17
Q

(laryngeal paralysis)

  1. most common in what dogs?
  2. failure of what to happen?
  3. Cx?
  4. tx?
A
  1. large older breeds
  2. arytenoid cartilags to abduct during inspiration
  3. stridor, voice change, intermittent dyspnea
  4. arytenoid lateralization
18
Q

laryngeal neoplasms are rare in dogs and cats

most common Cx?

A

inspiratory dyspnea

19
Q

(tracheal stenosis)

  1. usually result from what?
  2. Cx?
  3. Dx?
  4. tx?
A
  1. trauma
  2. dyspnea
  3. radio
  4. resection
20
Q

(tracheal collapse in dogs)

  1. what causes?
  2. cervical collapse -> ?

intrathoracic collapse -> ?

A
  1. abnormal chondrogenesis
  2. inspiration

expiration

21
Q

(tracheal collapse in dogs)

  1. signal?
  2. Cx?
  3. dx?
  4. tx?
  5. prog?
A
  1. small breed dogs
  2. long term history of chronic, intermittent, honking cough
  3. fluoroscopy
  4. wt reduction, antitussives (butorphanol), other stuff

sx if bad

  1. irreversible, supportive care
22
Q

(bronchiectasis)

  1. what is it?
  2. 3 causes?

3.

A
  1. irreversible dilation of the airways -> mucus buildup, ^ infection risk
  2. chronic inflammation, smoke inhalation, ciliary dyskinesia
23
Q

(feline bronchial disease)

  1. what happens?
  2. cause usually not identified
  3. no age/sex predilection
  4. Cx?
  5. Dx?
  6. tx?
A
  1. inflammation in airways -> mucosal edema, ^ mucus, reversible bronchoconstriction
  2. coughing, gagging, lethargy, resp distress
  3. eosinophilia, radio (bronchial pattern), bronchoscopy
  4. corticosteroids, bronchodilator (other stuff)
24
Q

(interstitial lung dz)

  1. insults -> chronic progressive inflammatory process -> ?
  2. what dogs tend to get?
  3. Cx: shortness of breath, ex intol
  4. Dx?
  5. tx?
A
  1. diffusion impairment, lung fibrosis
  2. small breed
  3. radio (interstitial), cyto: neutrophils
  4. decrease triggers, prednisone
25
Q

(bronchopneumonia of infectious origin)

  1. pulmonary infections most common: usually caused by what?
  2. most common route of exposure?
A
  1. bacteria
  2. inhalation (hematogenous less common)
26
Q

(bronchopneumonia of infectious origin)

  1. Cx?
  2. auscultation -> ?
A
  1. tachypnea, resp distress, productive cough, fever
  2. crackles
27
Q

(bronchopneumonia of infectious origin)

  1. radio?
A
  1. alveolar pattern

cranioventral if inhalation

dorsocaudal if hematogenous

28
Q

(granulomatous pulmonary diseases)

  1. cause?
  2. radio?
  3. tx?
A
  1. systemic fungal infections

(also a non-infectious form)

  1. nodular pattern with hilar lymphadenopathy
  2. antifungal if fungal

if not… give immunosuppressive doses of prednisone

29
Q

(noncardiogenic pulm edema)

  1. two types?
  2. Cx: tachypnea, resp distress, cyanosis, crackles
  3. dx?
  4. tx?
A
  1. high pressure edema (^plasma vol), permeability edema (damage to alevocapillary membrane)
  2. radio (pathcy interstitial and alveolar pattern in caudodorsal lung lobes)
  3. treat primary, supportive
30
Q

(pulmonary thromboembolism)

  1. 6 causes?
A
  1. heartworm, neoplasia, septicemia, amyloidosis, hyperadrenocorticism, IMHA
31
Q

(lungworms)

  1. dogs?
  2. cats?
  3. both?
  4. Cx?
  5. dx: eosinophilia, radio (interstitial to granulomatous), fecal float
  6. tx?
A
  1. Crenosoma vulpis
  2. aelurostrongylus abstrusus
  3. paragonimus kellicotti, capillaria aerophilia
  4. cough, usually only see in heavily infected youngsters
  5. fenben
32
Q

dirofilaria immitis and toxoplasma gondii can cause resp problems too!

A
33
Q

(pulmonary neoplasms)

  1. most common primary in dog?
  2. metastatic more common though
  3. dx?
  4. tx?
A
  1. carcinoma (high mets)
  2. radio, bx
  3. excision for solitary, chemo may help
34
Q

(Pleural Effusion)

1-3. 3 causes?

  1. muffled heart sounds, percussion is hyper or hyporesonant?
A
  1. ^ fluid formation (^ capillary hydrostatic pressure)
  2. dec fluid absorption (dec colloid osmotic pressure)
  3. capillary permeability pressure ^ (inflammation)
  4. hypo (pneumothorax is hyper)
35
Q

(pyothorax)

  1. accumulation of purulent exudate in the pleural space
  2. usually mixed bacterial infection
  3. what does the fluid look like?
  4. tx: abx, drainage
A
  1. opaque, protein greater than 4.5, cell greater than 50,000
36
Q

(chylothorax)

  1. cause unknown in most cases (lymphangiectasia, other things)
  2. predisposed breeds to idiopathic?
  3. dx: how does fluid compare to serum?
  4. med tx?
A
  1. afghan hound, shiba inu, siamese, himalayan
  2. higher triglyceride, low/normal cholesterol
  3. treat underlying, low fat diet

(sx treatment if no underlying cause found)

37
Q

(hemothorax)

  1. accumulation of blood within the pleural space
  2. 4 causes?
  3. Cx: shock! and dyspnea…
  4. dx: typical for pleural effusion, how is blood different?
  5. tx?
A
  1. trauma, ruptured neoplasia, hemostatic disorder, lung lobe torsion
  2. non-clotting blood!
  3. fluids for shock, thoracocentesis for resp distress
38
Q

(lung-lobe torsion)

  1. either cause or result of what?
  2. Cx typical of what?
  3. Dx?
  4. tx?
A
  1. pleural effusion
  2. pleural effusion
  3. radio after thoracocentesis reveals lung lobe consolidation
  4. lung lobectomy
39
Q

what kind of effusion can occur with acute pancreatitis?

A

mild transient pleural effusion

40
Q

(intrathoracic neoplasia)

  1. neoplastic pleural effusion is caused by what?
  2. 3 common causes?
  3. dx: mass on radio
A
  1. hemolymphatic obstruction
  2. mediastinal lymphoma, thymoma, pulm neoplasia, mesothelioma

00-01-25: resp disorders (3 decks)

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